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Transcript of M ECHANICAL W AVES Ch 17.1. TrueFalseStatementTrueFalse There are 2 types of mechanical waves-...
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MECHANICAL WAVESCh 17.1
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True False Statement True False
There are 2 types of mechanical waves- transverse and longitudinal
Transverse waves have compressions and rarefactions
Longitudinal waves have crests and troughs
Surface waves separate 2 mediums
Mediums are the materials that waves travel- solids, liquids or gases
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MECHANICAL WAVES Carries energy from one place to another due
to a disturbance in matter
Must have a medium Solid Liquid Gas through which the wave travels
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TRANSVERSE WAVES Causes the medium
to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
Parts- Crest- highest point Trough- lowest
point
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LONGITUDINAL WAVES Vibration of the
medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels
Parts- Compression-
particles are close together
Rarefaction- particles are spread apart
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SURFACE WAVES Travels along a
surface separating 2 mediums
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PROPERTIES OF MECHANICAL WAVESCh 17.2
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True False Statement True False
By increasing frequency the wavelength decreases
The less energy a wave has, the more amplitude it has
Speed of a wave = wavelength x amplitude
Frequency is the # of complete cycles in a given time
The period is the time required for one wave cycle
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PERIOD Time required for 1
cycle – a complete motion that returns a wave to its starting place
Periodic Motion Regular time
intervals
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FREQUENCY The # of complete
cycles in a given time
Measured in hertz Hz, cycles per
second
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WAVELENGTH Distance between a
point on the wave and the same point on the next cycle of wave
Transverse wave Adjacent troughs or
crests Longitudinal wave
Adjacent compressions or rarefactions
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WAVE SPEED
SI Units V= f = Hz λ= m
Can change if the wave hits a new medium
If waves travel at constant speed, then wave length is inversely proportional to frequency
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PRACTICE One end of a rope is
vibrated to produce a wave with a wavelength of 0.25m. The frequency of the wave is 3hHz. What is the speed?
Given:
Equation:
Solve:
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AMPLITUDE Maximum
displacement of the medium from its rest position
The more energy= greater amplitude
Transverse Distance from rest
position to a crest or trough
Longitudinal Maximum
displacement of a point from its rest position
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BEHAVIOR OF WAVESCh 17.3
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True False Statement True False
Reflection happens due to a wave bouncing off a surface it cannot pass
through
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or
passes through an opening
Diffraction is due to a wave hitting a new medium
Interference is when waves combine to either increase or decrease
Standing waves appear to stand still, because the waves overlap
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REFLECTION A wave bounces off
a surface that it cannot pass through
It does not change the speed or frequency of the wave but the wave can be flipped or turned upside down.
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REFRACTION The bending of a
wave as it enters a new medium at an angle
Happens due to one side of the wave moving slower than the other side
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DIFFRACTION The bending of a
wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening
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INTERFERENCE
2 or more waves combine to produce a wave with larger displacement
2 or more waves combine to produce a wave with smaller displacement
Constructive Interference
Destructive Interference
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STANDING WAVES Appears to stay in one place
As if not moving through a medium
Parts- Node- point with no displacement from the rest
position Antinode- point where a crest or trough occurs
midway between 2 nodes
Forms only if half a wavelength or multiple of half a wavelength fits exactly into the length of a vibrating cord
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SOUND AND HEARINGCh 17.4
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True False Statement True False
The lower the decibels, or frequency the quieter a sound appears
The higher the intensity the higher the pitch of sound
Sonars and ultrasound are due to frequencies lower than most people can hear
The Doppler effect is a change in sound due to a change in motion
The ear has 3 main parts, that work together to help you interpret sound
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES Longitudinal waves
Compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium
Speed Intensity Loudness Frequency Pitch
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES
In dry air @ 20 °C Speed of sound=
342m/s Speed varies in
mediums Solids fastest Liquids Gas slowest
Speed
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES
Intensity-rate which waves energy flows through a given area
Depends on waves amplitude and distance from the sound source
Measured in Decibels, dB
Loudness-physical response to intensity
High frequency=louder
Intensity & Loudness
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PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES
Frequency depends on How fast the source
of the sound is vibrating
Pitch is the frequency of a sound as you perceive it
High frequency=high pitch
Frequency & Pitch
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ULTRASOUND Normal sound
20Hz – 20,000Hz
Infrasound Frequencies lower
than you can hear
Ultrasound Frequencies higher
than you can hear Used for sonar and
imaging
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ULTRASOUND
Technique for determining distance to an object under water
Sound Navigation and Ranging
Important in medical field
Maps heart, and babies without interfering with pulse
Sonar Ultrasound Imaging
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DOPPLER EFFECT Change in sound frequency caused by
motion of Sound source Listener Or both
Closer to sound Higher frequency
Farther to sound Lower frequency
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HEARING & THE EAR Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
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REPRODUCED SOUND Sound is recorded
by converting sound waves into electronic signals that can be processed and stored.
Sound is then reproduced by converting electronic signals back into sound waves
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MUSIC Instruments vary pitch by changing the
frequency of standing waves
Resonance amplifies sound The response of a standing wave to another
wave of the same frequency