Lzi mnouns
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Transcript of Lzi mnouns
MILLION25 out of 50
SOUTH AFRICANS
Sanibonani
SPEAK ZULU
You may prefer a less colourful
chart
Noun
The Zulu noundetermines the structure
of the rest of the sentence so itmakes sense to start here with our study of the Zulu language
Just asIn nature
every stem has its flower …..
In Zulu ….every noun stem has
a prefix
umfana
Prefix “um” with stem “fana”
a/the boy
notice howthe plural is made by changing the prefix
BUT ….Now….
Yiqiniso!
It is the truth!
abafana
Prefix “aba” with stem “fana”
the boys
notice how a particular singular
prefix always changes to the same plural prefix and
vice versa
BUT ….And….
umlimi
the farmer
Singular prefix
“um”changes to plural prefix
“aba”
abalimi
like this ….
the farmersa/the farmer
umlimi
abafazi
and this ….
the womena/the woman
umfazi
abantu
the peoplea/the person
umuntu
or this ….(this one is a little unusual)
the boy umfana a boy or
Which will it be ?
Definite … or indefinite?
BUT ….“a” & “the”
amadoda
the men The definite article –
“the” and the indefinite
article – “a” do not exist in
Zulu.Exact translationsor meanings are
determined by context.
amathuba
Lets try somenouns with a
different prefix.Like this …
the opportunitiesa/the opportunity
ithuba
amatafula
the tablesa/the table
itafula
and this ….
amaphoyisa
the policemena/the policeman
iphoyisa
or this ….
We can say thatwhen the noun has the
prefix “i” it will be singular and it will be replaced by the prefix
“ama” in the plural.
“i” prefix + stem “ama “ prefix + stem
Zulu Nouns havebeen placed into classes
based on their prefixes. With practice you will learn to recognise them easily.
Singular classes Plural classes
Zulu Nouns havebeen placed into classes
based on their prefixes. With practice you will learn to recognise them easily.
Singular classes Plural classes
You have already seen that a specific singular
prefix will take a specific plural
aba + noun stemum + noun stem
CLASS 1
umngane abanganefriend friends
“UM”CLASS 2“ABA”
umngane abangane
abafowethu brothers
umntwana abantwana the children
friends
umfowethu
friend
brother
a/the child
umSingular prefix
abaPlural prefix
Class 1
Class 2
The nouns in Class 1 all refer to a person and they have a plural in Class 2.
abafowethu
my brothers
CLASS 1 “UM”
CLASS 2 “ABA”
Can you predict how you would say “my brother”?
Tip: Replace the plural prefix with the singular prefix of the correct class
abafowethu
my brothers
CLASS 1 “UM”
CLASS 2 “ABA”
abafowethu – my brothers (plural prefix “aba”)
umfowethu – my brother (singular prefix “um”)
o + noun stemu + noun stem
ubaba obabamy father our fathers
CLASS 1a“U”
CLASS 2a“O”
ubaba obaba
omama our mothers
uthisha othisha the teachers
our fathers
umama
my father
my mother
the teacher
uSingular prefix
oPlural prefix
Class 1a
Class 2a
udokotela
CLASS 1a “U”
CLASS 2a “O”
Can you predict how you would say “the doctors”?
Tip: Replace the singular prefix with the plural prefix of the corresponding class
the doctor
udokotela
CLASS 1a “U”
CLASS 2a “O”
udokotela – the doctor (singular prefix “u”)
odokotela – (plural prefix “o”)
the doctor
imi + noun stemum + noun stem
umfula imifulariver rivers
CLASS 4“IMI”
CLASS 3“UM”
umlomo imilomo
imikhonto spears
umsebenzi imisebenzi types of work
mouths
umkhonto
mouth
spear
work
umSingular prefix
imiPlural prefix
Class 3
Class 4
If the prefix is “um” and it is NOT a personal noun the plural will be from Class 4
umshini
CLASS 3 “um”
CLASS 4 “imi”
Can you guess how you would say “the machines”?
Tip: Replace the singular prefix with the plural prefix of the corresponding class
the machine
umshini
CLASS 3 “um”
CLASS 4 “imi”
umshini – (singular prefix “um”)
Imishini – (plural prefix “imi”)
the machine
You may prefer a less colourful
chart
Noun
Have you noticedthat classes 1 and 3
have the same singularprefix – “um”?
You may prefer a less colourful
chart
NounAll Class 1
nouns refer to persons;brother, boy, person,
while Class 3 nouns refer to impersonal things;
knife, mouth, machine
ama + noun stemi + noun stem
ikhaya amakhayahome homes
CLASS 5“i”
CLASS 6“AMA”
ikhaya amakhaya
amabhasi busses
ivila amavila lazy people
homes
ibhasi
home
bus
lazy person
iSingular prefix
amaPlural prefix
Class 5
Class 6
amandla
amanzi water
amafutha fat
Some examplesFrom Class 6
Where there is no singular
strength/power
amaPlural prefix
Class 6
amavila
CLASS 5 “I”
CLASS 6 “AMA”
Can you guess how you would say the lazy person”?
Tip: Replace the plural prefix with the singular prefix of the corresponding class
the lazy people
amavila
CLASS 5 “I”
CLASS 6 “AMA”
amavila – (plural prefix “ama”)
ivila – (singular prefix “I”)
the lazy people
izi + noun stemisi + noun stem
isikhathi izikhathitime times
CLASS 8“izi”
CLASS 7“isi”
isikole izikole
izikhathi times
isisebenzi izisebenzi servants
schools
isikhathi
school
time
servant
isiSingular prefix
iziPlural prefix
Class 7
Class 8
izitolo
CLASS 7 “ISI”
CLASS 8 “IZI”
Can you guess how you would say “the shop”?
Tip: Replace the plural prefix with the singular prefix of the corresponding class
The shops!
izitolo
CLASS 7 “ISI”
CLASS 8 “IZI”
izitolo – (plural prefix “izi”)
isitolo – (singular prefix “isi”)
The shops!
izin /izim + noun stemIn/im + noun stem
indlu izindluhut huts
imoto izimotocar cars
CLASS 9“in/im ”
CLASS 10“izin /izim ”
indlu izindlu
izimoto motor cars
indaba izindaba matters
huts
imoto
hut
motor car
matter
in/imSingular prefix
izin/izimPlural prefix
Class 9
Class 10
BUT ….An
Exception
indaba
matter Occasionally a class 9 will take a plural in class 6
indoda amadoda
amakhosi chiefs
men
inkosi
man
chief
in/imSingular prefix
amaPlural prefix
Class 9
Class 6
intombazana
CLASS 9 “IN/IM”
CLASS10 “IZIN/IZIM”
Can you guess how you would say “the girls”?
Tip: Replace the singular prefix with the plural prefix of the corresponding class
The girl!
intombazana
CLASS 9 “IN/IM”
CLASS10 “IZIN/IZIM”
intombazana – (singular prefix “in”)
izintombazana – (plural prefix “izin”)
The girl!
Class 11 nounsbegin with prefix
” u” which we also find in Class
2a.
Noun
However Class 11nouns are impersonal
ANDthey take the plural prefix
from Class 10
Noun
izin /izim + noun stemu + noun stem
ukhezo izinkezoufudu izimfudu
the spoons
the tortoises
the spoon
the tortoise
CLASS 11“U”
CLASS 10“izin /izim ”
ukhuni izinkuni
izinkezo spoons
ufudu izimfudu tortoises
pieces of firewood
ukhezo
firewood
spoon
tortoise
uSingular prefix
izin/izimPlural prefix
Class 11
Class 10
izinkuni
CLASS 11 “U”
CLASS 10 “IZIN/IZIM”
Can you guess how you would say “the firewood”?
Tip: Replace the plural prefix with the singular prefix of the corresponding class
The pieces of firewood!
izinkuni
CLASS 11 “U”
CLASS 10 “IZIN/IZIM”
izinkuni – (plural prefix “izin”)
ukhuni – (sigular prefix “u “)
The pieces of firewood!
Notice the “h” in the singular stem “khuni” is dropped in the plural to become plural stem
“kuni”
There are noClasses 12 and 13 in Zulu. These classes apply to other languages in the family of languages to which Zulu
belongs
BUT ….Note….
ubu + noun stem
ubusuku
the night!
CLASS 14 “UBU”
ubuntu
Class 14 nouns have no plural and are often known as neutral nouns
Spirit of humanity, human nature, values reflective of a culture
Ubuntu is a word you will often hear with
respect to the rainbow nation. It is difficult to
translate precisely, but has to do with
humanity putting aside their differences and
all getting along together. Nelson Mandela
has been a leading force in fostering the spirit
of “Ubuntu” in South Africa and abroad.
ubuntu
ubuhlungu
No pluralsfor Class 14
ubudoda
spirit of humanity, human nature, cultural values
manhood
pain
ubuSingular prefix
Class 14
uku + noun stem
ukudla
The food!
CLASS 15 “UKU”
ukudla
There are very few Class 15 nouns
the food
This is the last of our classes of noun prefixes
in the Zulu Language. With practice you will
become familiar with them and be able to
use them automatically. And from here we
can progress to simple sentences.
ukudla
Nouns in this class are very rare
the food
ukuSingular prefix
Class 15
ukudla food
So let’s look atthem again in a consolidated chart
NounIt is important to
memorise the noun classesboth singular and plural as the
VERB in a sentence must ALWAYS agree with the
noun class
� 1. um (personal nouns) � 2. aba
� 1a. u (personal nouns)
� 3. um (impersonal nouns)
� 5. i
� 7. isi
� 9. in/im
� 15. uku
� 14. ubu
� 11. u (takes plural in Class 10)
� 2a. o
� 4. imi
� 6. ama
� 8. izi
� 10. izin/izim
� 10.
Singular ClassesPlural classes
Prefixes
Prefixes
Noun
You may prefer a more colourful
chart
7 isi
15 uku14 ubu
10 izin/izim11 u
10 izin/izim9 in/im
8 izi
6 ama5 i
4 imi3 um
2a o1a u
2 aba1 um
NOUNSSingular Prefix Class Plural Prefix Class
Such as this one ….
In the next sessionyou will learn how to make
the verb AGREE with the noun class and enjoy making simple
Zulu sentences
Noun
SifundaisiZulu!
We are studyingisiZulu!
Thank you for trying out
For more in the
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