Lyophilized Beer: A Banquet of Bioactive Compounds for Human Health

Jairam Vanamala, Ph.D.

Assistant ProfessorDept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition

Colorado State University

Ancient Wisdom – Beer & Health

• Mouthwash

• Treatment of wounds

• Enema

• Sanitation

http://philly.thedrinknation.com/articles/read/5586-Ancient-Egyptians-First-Medicinal-Use-of-Beer-#

What is in the Beer

• Ethanol

• Bioactive compounds– Malt – derived– Hop - derived

Beer - Protection Against Mortality

• 10.14 oz. or 0.3 L/day - reduces mortality for all causes of death

• Moderate beer consumption - Beneficial

European Journal of Cancer 41(13), 2005

Beer – Bioactive Compounds

• Malt-derived compounds

– Benzoic acid derivatives

– Cinnamic acid derivatives

– Catechins

– Proanthocyanidins

– Flavones

Biological Activities

Anti-oxidant Anti-microbial Anti-viral Anti-proliferative Anti-platelet Anti-hyperlipidemic Anti-hypersensitive Anti-allergenic

Anti-ulcerogenic Anti-neoplastic Anti-inflammatory Anti-atherogenic Anti-hepatotoxic Pro-apoptotic Vasodilator

Beer – Bioactive Compounds

• Hop-derived compounds– Alpha acids– Essential oils– Prenylflavonoids

• Xanthohumol

• Isoxanthohumol

• 8-prenylnarigenin

(I) Xanthohumol and (II) Isoxanthohumol

Xanthohumol and Isoxanthohumol

Xanthohumol

Is There a Synergy

Xanthohumol

+

Hop- and malt-derived bioactive compounds

How We Test it

• Colon cancer cells: HCT - 116

– Proliferation

– Apoptosis

Why Colon Cancer

World:

1,000,000

US: 1,50,000

80%

Advanced

2 yr survival

80% Diet

Related

Cell proliferation

Apoptosis

**

*

*

Xanthohumol & Isoxanthohumol – UPLC/MS/MS

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Isoxanthohumol

Xanthohumol

American IPAsAmerican IPAs  

Ranger Prefiltered (RGP) • T-90 pellets and CO2 extract

Ranger Filtered (RGF) • DE filtration

IPA Prefiltered (OOP) • Dry hopped: 0.055 oz. for 0.3 L of beer

IPA Filtered (OOF) • DE filtration

Dark IPA Prefiltered (ODP) • 8.7% darker malts compared with OOP/OOF

Dark IPA Filtered (ODF) • DE filtration

Zenith Original Recipe (ZOR) • 2 oz. pelleted Centennial hops – at the beginning

Zenith New Recipe (ZNR) • Dry hopped: 0.016 oz. per 0.3 L of beer

Punjabi Pale Ale (PPA) • Dry hopped: 0.014 oz. per 0.3 L of beer

German Beers

Paulaner Pils (PPI) • Pilsner malts and German hop varieties

Xanthohumol Content - IPAs

RGP RGF OOP OOF ODP ODF ZOR ZNR PPA PPI

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Xat

hohu

mol

(m

g/L)

Beer Type

c

d d d d

b

a a

Critical Steps to Increase Beneficial Compounds in Beer

• XAN Technology

– Process

– Ingredients

• XN-Enriched

Hop Products

• Roasted Malts

Xan Technology Summary Mol Nutr Food Res 49(9): 874-881

Addition of Roasted Malts - Xanthohumol

8.7% Darker Malts

9.94

25 %b

a

ZOR ZNR0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30X

atho

hum

ol (

mg/

L)

b

a

Xanthohumol - Dry Hopping

66 %

RGP RGF OOP OOF ODP ODF0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Xat

hohu

mol

(m

g/L)

a a

b

c

d e

Xanthohumol - DE filtration

34.3%

11.1%

.5%

8.7% Darker Malts

Correlation Between Apoptosis & XN

Pearson Correlation

Apoptosis

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Xan

thoh

umol

mg/

L

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

R2 =0.97P = 0.0001

Future Opportunities

• Lyophilized Beer

– Breads

– Soups

– Ice creams

– Protein Bars

– Milk Shakes

Acknowledgements

• Twila Henley

• Lavanya Reddivari

• Jack Avens

• Marissa Bunning

• Martha Stone

• Jeff Miller

• Breweries– Odell– New Belgium– Equinox– CopperSmith

Thank You

• Dry hopping: improve sensory characteristics and bioactive content. – Lyophilized beers

• Xan Wellness

& Xan Tea

• Future development of XN-enriched products could utilize the dry hopping technique.

Future DirectionFuture Direction

RGP RGF OOP OOF ODP ODF ZOR ZNR PPA PPI

Tro

lox

Equ

iva

len

t A

ntio

xid

an

t C

ap

aci

ty (

mg/

L)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

aa a ab

abcabc abcd

bcdcd

d

IPAs - Antioxidant Capacity

RGP RGF OOP OOF ODP ODF ZOR ZNR PPA PPI

Gal

ic A

cid

Equ

ival

ent (

mg/

L)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

RGP RGF OOP OOF ODP ODF ZOR ZNR PPA PPI

Gal

ic A

cid

Equ

ival

ent (

mg/

L)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

IPAs - Phenolic Compounds

Compared to PilsnersIPAs contain:•more hops • > variation in malts

Roasted malts could lessen removal of

phenolic compounds

a abab

bcc

cdcddd

e