Lynchburg City Schools | LCS | Lynchburg City Schools - Grade … · 2018-03-24 · Space Int...
Transcript of Lynchburg City Schools | LCS | Lynchburg City Schools - Grade … · 2018-03-24 · Space Int...
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8th Grade Science Pacing Guide 2013-2014 Lynchburg City Schools Curriculum framework Life Science
Curriculum Framework Physical Science
1ST 9 WEEKS (8/26-10/25) SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended
Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs) # days to teach
Begin gathering data the 1st day of school! DO NOT FEEL BOUND TO THE TEXT BOOK!.......... PLEASE USE ONLINE RESOURCES, APPLETS, & HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES 44 days
2nd day of school PRE-TEST (for Teacher Evaluation & School Improvement—create short 1 day test of essential skills) 1 day
The Nature of Science
PS.1a-n The students will demonstrate an understanding of scientific reasoning, logic and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which
a) Chemicals and equipment are used safely b) Length, mass, volume, density, temperature, weight, and
force are accurately measured c) Conversions are made among metric units, applying
appropriate prefixes d) Triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers,
metric rulers, graduated cylinders, probeware, and spring scales are used to gather data
e) Numbers are expressed in scientific notation where appropriate
f) Independent and dependent variables, constants, controls, and repeated trials are identified
g) Data tables showing the independent and dependent variables, derived quantities, and the number of trials are constructed and interpreted
h) Data tables for descriptive statistics showing specific measures of central tendency, the range of data set, and the number
1-1, 1-2
Lab Safety Tutorial
Create a Graph
Density Simulation
Metric Mania Lesson Plans and Activities
10 days
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i) Frequency distributions, scatterplots, line plots, and histograms are constructed and interpreted
j) Valid conclusions are made after analyzing data k) Research methods are used to investigate practical
problems and questions l) Experimental results are presented in appropriate written
form m) Models and simulations are constructed and used to
illustrate and explain phenomena n) Current applications of physical science concepts are used
6.4a-g
PS.4abc
Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
The student will investigate and understand that all matter is made up of atoms. Key concepts include
a) Atoms consist of particles, including electrons, protons and neutrons
b) Atoms of a particular element are alike but are different from atoms of another element
c) Elements may be represented by chemical symbols d) Two or more atoms interact to form new substances,
which are held together by electrical forces (bonds) e) Compounds may be represented by chemical formulas f) Chemical equations can be used to model chemical
changes g) A limited number of elements comprise the largest
portion of the solid Earth, living matter, the oceans, and the atmosphere.
The students will investigate and understand the organization and use of the periodic table of elements to obtain information. Key concepts include: a) Symbols, atomic numbers, atomic mass, chemical families (groups), and periods b) Classification of elements as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals; and c) formation of compounds through ionic and covalent bonding.
Interactive Periodic Table
Building Atoms
Building Molecules - Basics
Build Molecules - Advanced
10 days
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States of Matter
PS.2a-f
PS.7b
The students will investigate and understand the nature of matter. Key concepts include: a) The particle theory of matter b) Elements, compounds, mixtures, acids, bases, and salts c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) physical properties e) chemical properties f) characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties.
The students will investigate and understand temperature scales, heat, and thermal energy transfer. Key concepts include: b) Phase change, freezing point, melting point, boiling point, vaporization, and condensation.
22-1, 22-2, 22-3
States of Matter Simulation States of Matter (particle compression)
5 days
Properties and Changes of Matter
PS.2cdef
PS.5ac
The students will investigate and understand the basic nature of matter. Key concepts include:
c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) Physical properties e) Chemical properties f) Characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties
The students will investigate and understand changes in matter and the relationship of these changes to the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy. Key concepts include: a) Physical changes; and c) Chemical changes
20-1, 20-2
Changes and Reactions Activities
Chemistry Lesson Plans and Activities
Balancing Equations Tutorial
Balancing Chemical Equations
Jefferson Lab Balancing Equations
5 days
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Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility
PS.2abcdef The students will investigate the basic nature of matter. Key concepts include: a) The particle theory of matter b) Elements, compounds, mixtures, acids, bases, and salts c) Solids, liquids, and gases d) Characteristics of types of matter based on physical and chemical properties e) Physical properties (shape, density, solubility, odor, melting point, boiling point, and color); and f) Chemical properties (acidity, bases, combustibility, reactivity).
21-1, 21-2, 21-3
Solubility Simulation
Testing pH Interactive
pH Simulation
10 days
FLEX days/Remediation 3 days
Reflection Notes:
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2ND 9 WEEKS (10/29-1/17)
SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)
# days to
teach 45 days
Life Structure and Classification
LS.2abc
LS.3a
The students will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include: a) cell structure and organelles b) similarities between plant and animal cells c) development of cell theory The students will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: a) Cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
8-1, 8-2, 8-3
Cell Terms Matching Games 3D Cell Interactive Interactive Cell with Games and Quizzes
7 days
Cell Processes
LS.3b
LS.5abc
The students will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. Key concepts include: b) patterns of cellular organization and their relationship to life processes in living things
The students will investigate and understand the basic physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and its importance to plant and animal life. Key concepts include: a) Energy transfer between sunlight and chlorophyll; and b) Transformation of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. c) photosynthesis as the foundation of virtually all food webs
9-1, 9-2
Cells Alive! Photosynthesis Simulation + Lab Worksheet
5 days
6
LS.2d
LS.12ab
Cellular Reproduction
The students will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include: c) Cell division.
The students will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include: a) The structure and role of DNA b) The functions of genes and chromosomes
10-1, 10-2, 10-3
Interactive Crossword on Cellular Reproduction Cells Alive: Mitosis Tour of the Basics Genetics
Building a DNA Molecule Virtual Activity
Virtual Cheek Cell DNA extraction
8 days
LS.12a-f
LS.13abc
Heredity
The students will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include: a) The structure and role of DNA b) The functions of genes and chromosomes c) genotypes and phenotypes d) characteristics that can and cannot be inherited e) genetic engineering and its applications f) historical contributions and significance of discoveries related to genetics
Adaptations Over Time
The students will investigate and understand that populations of organisms change over time. Key concepts include:
11-1, 11-2, 11-3
12-1, 12-2
Genetics Websites and Activities
Punnett Square Practice
Introduction to the Fossil Record
Walking With Beasts Fossil Activity
8 days
5 days
a) The relationships of mutation, adaptation, natural selection, and extinction b) Evidence of evolution of different species in the fossil record;
Switcheroozoo - Exploring Adaptations
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c) How environmental influences, as well as genetic variation, can lead to diversity of organisms.
Interactions of Living Things
LS.6abd
LS.7
LS.8
The students will investigate and understand that organisms within an ecosystem are dependent on one another and on nonliving components of the environment. Key concepts include:
a) The carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles b) Interactions resulting in a flow of energy and matter
throughout the system d) Energy flow in food webs and energy pyramids.
The students will investigate and understand interactions among populations in a biological community. Key concepts include:
a) Competition, cooperation, social hierarchy, territorial imperative; and b) Influence or behavior on a population The students will investigate and understand interactions among populations in a biological community. Key concepts include:
a) The relationship among producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food web b) The relationship of predators and prey c) Competition and cooperation d) Symbiotic relationships; and e) Niches
18-1, 18-2, 18-3 Evolution Concentration Game
Natural Selection Simulator
Building a Habitat
Biomes of the World
The Food Chain
Exploring Food Webs
Dissecting Owl Pellets
8 days
FLEX days/Remediation 4 days
Reflection Notes:
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3RD 9 WEEKS (1/22-3/28)
SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)
# days to
teach
48 days
6.8a-i
Earth in Space
The student will investigate and understand the organization of the solar system and the interactions among the various bodies that comprise it. Key concepts include:
7-1, 7-2, 7-3
NASA Official Site
Space Interactive Crossword Puzzle
7 days
a) The sun, moon, Earth, other planets and their moons, dwarf planets, meteors, asteroids, and comets b) Relative size of and distance between planets c) the role of gravity d) Revolution and rotation e) The mechanics of day and night and the phases of the moon f) The unique properties of Earth as a planet g) The relationship of the Earth’s tilt and the seasons h) the cause of tides i) the history and technology of space exploration
Moon Phases and Eclipses Solar System Simulator
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6.6a-f
Weather
The student will investigate and understand the properties of air and the structure and dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere. Key concepts include: a) Air as a mixture of gaseous elements and compounds b) pressure, temperature, and humidity c) atmospheric changes with altitude d) Natural and human-caused changes to the atmosphere and the importance of protecting and maintaining air quality e) The relationship of atmospheric measures and weather conditions f) Basic information from weather maps including fronts, systems, and basic measurements; and
4-1, 5-1, 5-2
The Greenhouse Effect Simulation Edheads Weather Activities
Web Weather for Kids
Weather Wiz Kids
Investigation - Explore Climate Conditions
Comparing and Contrasting Cold and Warm Fronts
Weather Power Points and Teaching Aids
The Futures Channel: Weather Videos
7 days
PS.10a
Motion and Momentum
The student will investigate and understand scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:
a) Speed, velocity, and acceleration.
1-1, 1-2, 1-3 (Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)
All About Force
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Interactive
The Moving Man: Acceleration and Velocity Simulator
6 days
PS.10b
Newton’s Laws of Motion
The student will investigate and understand the scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:
b) Newton’s laws of motion.
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 (Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)
Newton's Cradle Simulator Laws of Motion Information and Animations
Laws of Motion: Labs, Animations, and Videos
Laws of Motion: Matching Games and Quizzes
5 days
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Energy
PS.6ab The student will investigate and understand forms of energy and how energy is transferred and transformed. Key concepts include:
a) Potential and kinetic energy; and b) Mechanical, chemical, and electrical energy, thermal, radiant, and nuclear energy.
5-1, 5-2, 5-3
(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)
Skate Park Simulation: Investigating Energy!
Energy Matching Games and Quizzes
Energy Games
5 days
6.2cd
Energy Resources The student will investigate and understand basic sources of energy, their origins, transformations and uses.
c) nonrenewable energy sources; d) renewable energy sources
Energy Sources Game Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy Game Energy Kids: Games and Activities Power Up: Power Your City
3 days
PS.7acd
Thermal Energy
The student will investigate and understand temperature scales, heat, and thermal energy transfer. Key concepts include:
a) Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales and absolute zero c) Conduction, convection, radiation; and d) Applications of heat energy transfer
6-1, 6-2, 6-3
(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook)
Engine Simulator Virtual Labs with Thermal Energy
5 days
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PS.11ab
Electricity & Magnetism
The student will investigate and understand basic principles of electricity and magnetism. Key concepts include:
a) static electricity, current electricity, and circuits b) Magnetic fields and electromagnets.
Learning Circuits Circuits and Conductors
Static Electricity Simulator
Circuits Simulator
Virtual Labs: Get Connected
3-4 days
Circuit Construction Simulator
FLEX days/Remediation 6-7 days
Reflection Notes:
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4TH 9 WEEKS (4/1-6/6)
SOL Enabling Objective: Description Text Recommended Activities (e.g., applets, ESS, labs)
# days to teach
Waves
43 days
PS.8a,c The student will investigate and understand the
characteristics of sound waves. Key concepts include: a) Wavelength, frequency, speed, and amplitude, rarefaction, and compression c) The nature of mechanical waves; and
1-1, 1-2, 1-3
(Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)
Wave Interference Simulation
Ocean Wave Simulator Waves on a String Simulator
5 days
Wave Behavior
PS.8abd
Sound
The student will investigate and understand characteristics of sound waves. Key concepts include:
a) Wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, rarefaction, and compression b) Resonance d) Technological applications of sound
2.1, 2.2 (Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)
Sound Interactive The Soundry
5 days
Electromagnetic Waves 3-4 days PS.9d The student will investigate and understand the
characteristics of transverse waves. Key concepts include
3-1, 3-2, 3-3
Electromagnetic Waves Interactive
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d) The electromagnetic spectrum (Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)
Cool Cosmos Electromagnetic Waves Activities
PS.9abce
Light, Mirrors & Lenses
The student will investigate and understand the characteristics of transverse waves. Key concepts include
a) wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, crest, and trough b) the wave behavior of light; c) images formed by lenses and mirrors e) technological applications of light
4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4
(Waves, Sound, & Light Textbook)
Light Games and Experiments
5-7 days
PS.10cd
Work and Simple Machines (brief review prior to SOL test)
The student will investigate and understand scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include:
c) Work, force, mechanical advantage, efficiency, and power; and d) technological applications of work, force, and motion.
4-1, 4-2, 4-3
(Motion, Forces, & Energy Textbook
Ed-heads Simple Machine Interactive
Ed-heads Compound Machine Interactive
2-3 days
POST-TEST (for Teacher Evaluation & School Improvement—use same test as PRE-TEST)
1 day
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SOL REVIEW (BEFORE SOLs are given)
VA DoE SOL Practice Items
Jefferson Lab SOL Quiz Review
NCES Kid's Zone: Dare to Compare
SOL Pass: Science 6-8
IQ: Interactive Quizzes
8-10 days
Introduction to High School Sciences (Enrichment) ~10 days
Additional Web Resources:
Brain Pop (requires building-level username and password)
Explore Learning (Contact Science specialist for username.)
Physics Games
Released SOL Power Points (multiple years)
The Science Spot
PhET Interactive Simulations
Kids Do Science
Science Songs
Reporting Categories are the same as well as the number of items within each category. However, some content has been added or deleted. See the
changes listed below the Blueprint summary table.
Blueprint Summary 2003 2010
Reporting Category SOLs -----(significant changes are in bold print). See Crosswalk,
Brief Notes below, & Curriculum framework for details
#items % of test #items % of test
Scientific Investigation 6.1a-I, LS.1a-i, PS.1a-m 10 20% 10 20%
Force, Motion, Energy, & Matter 6.2a, 6.2e, 6.4a-g, 6,5a-b, 6.6a, PS.2a-f, PS.3a-b, PS.4a-c, PS.5a-c,
PS.6a-b, PS.7a-d, PS.8a-d, PS.9a-e, PS.10a-d, PS.11a-d
15 30% 15 30%
Life Systems LS.2a-d, LS.3a-b, LS.4a-d, LS.5a-c, LS.12a-f, LS.13a 7 14% 7 14%
Ecosystems 6.7a-g, LS.6a-d, LS.7a-b, LS.8a-e, LS.9a-c, LS.10a-c, LS.11a-e 7 14% 7 14%
Earth & Space Systems 6.2b-d, 6.3a-e, 6.5c-f, 6.6b-f, 6.8a-i, 6.9a-d 11 22% 11 22%
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6th
grade SOL changes
Brief List of SOL Changes: Science Crosswalk between 2003 and 2010 standards
-The old 6.5e (the origin and occurrence of water on Earth) was deleted. -The old 6.6g was moved to 6.6d. -For 6.8a, there was a content addition (dwarf planets) to the bullet.
Life Science SOL changes
-LS.1b, content removed (variables are defined) -LS.1b new content was added (a classification system is developed based on multiple attributes) -LS.1c content removed (metric units, SI—International System of Units are used) -LS.1c new content was added, (triple beam & electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders & probeware are used to gather data) -LS.1i content emphasis was narrowed (“interpretations of data became patterns of data”) -LS.1j new content was added, (current applications are used to reinforce life science concepts) -LS.4 content was removed, “The student will investigate & understand that the basic needs of organisms must be met in order to car ry out life processes. Key concepts include: a) plant needs, b) animal needs, c) factors that influence life processes. -LS.4a, new content was added (the distinguishing characteristics of domains of organisms) -LS.13a was moved to LS.12a, additional content was added (structure & role of DNA) -LS.13d, content was deleted (factors affecting the expression of traits)
Physical Science SOL changes
-PS.1b, Inherent content was deleted (and reported using metric units SI—International System of Units). -PS.1d, Additional content was included (probeware). -PS.1f, The content of the bullet was deleted (research skills are utilized using a variety of resources). -PS.1i, scattergrams was changed to scatterplots -PS.1m, New content was added (models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena). -PS.1n, New content was added (current applications of physical science concepts are used). -PS.2f, New content was added (characteristics of types of matter based on physical & chemical properties). -PS.4c, Add’l terminology was included & key content was made explicit (formation of compounds through ionic & covalent bonding) -PS.5c, The content (nuclear reactions) was moved from PS.5b. -PS.6b, The revised content of PS.6c (thermal, radiant, and nuclear energy) was moved and added to the existing content of PS.6b.
-PS.7, thermal energy replaced “heat” -PS.8, Clarifying terminology was included (waves). -PS.8a, Add’l content was included (rarefaction and compression). -PS.8c, compression replaced “mechanical” -PS.9a, New content was added (wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitude, crest, and trough). -PS.11b, The emphasis of the bullet was changed and narrowed (relationship between a magnetic field and an electric current). -PS.11c, Content was moved from PS.11b (electromagnets). Additional content was added (and their uses). -PS.11d, New content was added (conductors, semiconductors, and insulators).
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Principles of Science SOL Course Content Overview
1st 9 weeks= 44 days Nature of Science 10 days Atomic Structure & Periodic Table 10 days States of Matter 5 days Properties & Changes of Matter 5 days Substances, Mixtures, & Solubility 10 days
2nd 9 weeks= 45 days Life Structure & Classification 7 days Cell Processes 5 days Cellular Reproduction 8 days Heredity 8 days Adaptations Over Time 5 days Interactions of Living Things 8 days
3rd 9 weeks= 48 days Earth in Space 7 days Weather 7 days Motion & Momentum 6 days Newton’s Laws of Motion 5 days Energy 5 days Energy Resources 3 days Thermal Energy 5 days Electricity 5 days
4th 9 weeks= 43 days Waves 3 days Sound 5 days Electromagnetic Waves 7-8 days Light, Mirrors, & Lenses 5 days Work & Simple Machines 2-3 days SOL Review 8-10 days High School Sciences Enrichment ~10 days