Lymphatic System Suma Patil
Transcript of Lymphatic System Suma Patil
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
1/31
Dr. Suma Patil
Amrita School of Ayurveda
Lymphatic system
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
2/31
Introduction Components
Lymph is the cleaer fluid found in the lymphatic vessels .
(LIMF=Clear fluid).
Intrestital fluid and lymph are similar in nature, major difference
between these is that
-Intestinal fluid found in between cells and
-lymph is located within lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue.
Vesselslymphatic capillaries, vessels, ducts, subclavian vein.
Structures & organs-
Primary- Redbone marrow and thymus.SecondaryLymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
3/31
Intro Functions
Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Transport lipids and lipid soluble vitams(ADEK)from
the digestive tract to the bloodstream
Surveillance & defense
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
4/31
Composition of Lymph
Lymph is usually a clear, colorless fluid,similar to blood plasma but low in protein
Its composition varies from place to place;
after a meal, for example, lymph draining fromthe small intestine, takes on a milky
appearance (Chyle), due to lipid content.
Lymph may contain macrophages, viruses,
bacteria, cellular debris and even travelingcancer cells.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
5/31
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
6/31
Lymphatic capillaries
These are slightly larger in diameter that bloodcapillaries.
They have unique structure that permits
interstitial fluids to flow into them but not out.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
7/31
Lymphatic circulation-
Lymph trunks and ducts Lymph passes from lymphatic capillaries into lymphatic vessels andthen through lymph nodes.
Lymph nodes pass lymph either towards another node within the samegroup or onto another group of nodes.
Most proximal nodes of each chain of nodes, the exiting vessels unite toform lymph trunk.
The principle trunks are the Lumbar,Intestinal
Broncho-mediastinal
Subclavian
Jugular trunk.
Lymph passes from lymph trunks into two main channels
Thoracic duct( Left lymphatic duct)
Right lymphatic duct.
Drains into venous blood.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
8/31
Contd..
Right lymphatic duct
Drains right side of head & neck, right arm, rightthorax
Empties into the right subclavian vein
Thoracic duct
Drains the rest of the body
Empties into the left subclavian vein
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
9/31
lymphatic capillary
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic collecting vessels
lymphatic ducts
Lymphatic vessels startwith lymphatic capillaries
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
10/31
Lymphatic vessels Properties of lymphatic vessels
One way system toward the heart
No pump
Lymph moves toward the heart
Milking action of skeletal muscleo Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
11/31
THORACIC DUCT
Begins as a loosely dialated
sac and connections in the
abdomen called theCYSTERNA CHYLI.
Drains both legs, and left
side of body.
Goes through thorax,
receives tributaries from:
LEFT SUBCLAVIAN TRUNK
(from left arm) and LEFT
JUGULAR TRUNK (left side
of head and neck).Dumps into venous circulation at junction between left subclavian vein andleft jugular vein. (Technically into left brachiocephalic vein.)
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
12/31
Thoracic duct
Largest lymphatic vessel in the body.
Extends from upper part of the abdomen to the
lower part of the neck crossing the posterior and
superior part of the medi-astinum length is about
45 cms.
Beaded appearance because presence of many
valves in its lumen.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
13/31
Course- Begins as a dilation called CisternaChyli in front of T12 / L2.
Enters thorax through the Aortic opening
diaphragm.
Ascends through posterior medi-astinum from rt
side to left side at the level of T5.
Through the superior medi-astinum along the
edges of the esophagus and reaches the neck.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
14/31
In the neck it arches laterally at the level oftransverse process of C7.
Lastly it descends in front of the first part of left
subclavian artery.
Ends by opening into the angle of junction
between the left subclavian and left internaljugular vein.
It receives lymph from lf jugular left subclavian lf
broncho-mediastinal trunks.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
15/31
Cisterna Chyli Is an elongated lymphatic sac. Is about 5-7 cms long.
Situated in front of the L1 & L2 immediately to theright of abdominal aorta.
Overlapped by the Rt cruse of the diaphragm.
Upper end continues with the thoracic duct .
It receives lymph from the rt and lt lumbar trunk andfrom the intestinal trunk.
Lumbar trunk- Drains lymph from lower limbs, wall
and viscera of the pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands andmost of the abdominal walls.
Intestinal trunk- Drains lymph from stomach,intestines pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
16/31
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required forreproduction or display.
Left jugular trunk
Thoracic duct
Left internal jugular vein
Left jugular trunk
Thoracic duct
Left subclavian trunk
Left bronchomediastinal trunk
Left subclavian vein
First rib (cut)
Thoracic duct
Thoracic lymph nodes
Hemiazygos vein
Parietal pleura (cut)
Intestinal trunkLeft lumbar trunk
Right lumbar trunk
Inferior vena cava
Cisterna chyliDiaphragm
Azygos vein
T12
Intercostal muscle
Rib (cut)
Superior vena cava
Right bronchomediastinal trunk
Right subclavian vein
Right subclavian trunk
Right jugular trunk
Right internal jugular vein
Brachiocephalic veins
(a)
(b)
(c)
Right subclaviantrunk
Right broncho-mediastinal trunk
Right jugular trunk
Left broncho-mediastinal trunk
Left subclaviantrunk
Area drained byright lymphatictrunks shown inpart (b)
Area drained byleft lymphatictrunks andthoracic ductshown in part(b)
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
17/31
Right Lymphatic Duct Is about 1.2cms long. Drains lymph from the upper right side of the
body into venous blood via the rt. Subclavianvein.
Three lymphatic trunks drain into it, they are-Rt. Jugular trunk drains the rt side of the head
and neck.
Rt. Subclavian trunk drains the rt upper limb.
Rt. Broncho-mediastinal trunk drains the rt. sideof the thorax and the heart, rt. Lung, and part ofthe liver.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
18/31
Thymus Gland Location between the sternum and aorta inthe mediastinum The capsule divides it into 2 lobes Development Infant Is larger having a mass of about 70
gms. Puberty maximum size Maturity decreases in size Old age- Weighs only 3 gms.After puberty adipose and areolar connective
tissue begin to replace the thymic tissue. Function Differentiation and maturation of T cells. Before the thymus atrophies it populates the
secondary lymphatic organs and tissues withT cells.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
19/31
Thymus Gland
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
20/31
Lymph Nodes
Located along lymphatic vessels.
They are around 600 bean shaped lymph nodes.
They are scattered throughout the body-
Superficial and deep and usually occur in groups.
Large group of lymph nodes are present near the
mammary glands and in the axillae and groin.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
21/31
Spleen
Right lymphaticduct
Thymus
Axillary
lymph node
Mammaryplexus
Lymphatic vessel(transports lymph)
Bonemarrow
Inguinallymph node
Lacteals in
intestinal wall
Thoracicduct
Subclavian
veins
Thoracic duct
Cervicallymph node
Tonsils
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
22/31
Lymph node
1-25mm long.
Covered by capsule of dense connective tissue
that extends into the node.
The capsular extensions called trabecuelae which
divides the node into compartments, provide
support and route for blood vessels into the
interior of a node.
Internal of the capsule is a supporting network ofreticular fibers and fibroblasts.
The capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibers and
fibroblasts constitute the stroma or framework of
a lymph node.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
23/31
Cont.
Parenchyma of lymph node.
Divided in to- cortex-outer cortex n inner
cortex.
-Medulla. Outer cortex-contains egg shaped aggregates
of B-cells called LYMPHATIC NODULES.
L N consisting chiefly of B cells called primary
lymphatic nodule.
Inner cortex-also called the paracortex.
-Does not contains lymphatic
nodule.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
24/31
Cont
MEDULLA-contains B cells , antibody-producing plasma cells and macrophages.
Lymph flows through a node in one direction i
e through afferent lymphatic vessels. whichpenetrate the node at several points.
ALV contains many valves that open towards
the center of the node. Such that the lymph is
directing inwards. SINUSES-are series of irregular channels
that contain branching reticular fibers,
lymphocytes, and macrophages.
3 t es-subca sular trabecular medullar
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
25/31
Cont..
Efferent lymphatic vessels-wider thanALV.
-few in number. Contains valves, that
open away from the center of the node. ELV emerge from one side of lymph
node at a slight depression called
HILUS. Function- to filter lymph.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
26/31
LYMPH NODE
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
27/31
.SPLEEN. Oval spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic
tissue in body.
12cm length.
Located in the left hypochondriac, between the
stomach and diaphragm.
Like lymph nodes, spleen has hilus,through it passthe splenic artery, vein and efferent lymphatic
vessels.
Parenchyma of spleen-white n red pulp.
White pulp-is lymphatic tissue consisting mostly of
lymphocytes and macrophages.
Red pulp-consists of blood filled venous sinuses
and BILLROTHs cord , that contains red blood
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
28/31
Functions
Within white pulp, B cell and T cell carry outimmune function., similar to lymph nodes , while
spleen macrophages destroy blood borne
pathogens.
Within red pulp- spleen performs 3 functions
1) Removal of ruptured ,worn out , defective blood
cells and platelets by macrophages.
2) Storage of platelets, up to one third of the bodys
supply.
3) Production of blood cells during fetal life.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
29/31
LYMPHATIC NODULES Are egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue,not
surrounded by a capsule. Because they are scattered
throughout the mucous membranes lining the
gastrointestinal , urinary and reproductive tract and
respiratory airways . lymphatic nodules in theseareas are also referred to as MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED
LYMPHATIC TISSUE(MALT).
Although many LN are small and solitary, some occur
in multiple large aggregation in specific part of the
body. Among these are the
1) Tonsils in pharyngeal region.
2) peyers patches SI.
3) APPENDIX.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
30/31
metastasis
The spread of a disease from one part of thebody to another can occur via lymphatic vessels.
All malignant tumors eventually exhibit
metastasis.
Cancer cells may travel in the blood or lymph and
establish new tumors where they lodge.
Primary tumor site , secondary tumor site.
-
7/30/2019 Lymphatic System Suma Patil
31/31
THANK YOU