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Nano Materials for Solar EnergyHarvesting

Liwei Chen

Suzhou Institute ofNanotechnology and Nanobionics

Oct. 17, 2009

NSFC-NSF workshop

Tianmu Lake, Changzhou

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+

-

1D for fast transport Nanoscale interface for charge separation Efficient characterization tools Macro-scale manipulation and manufacturability

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Biomimetic polysoap for SWNTdispersion

SWNT dispersion property of the polysoaps

surfactant Pyrene

content

(%)

SWNT solubility

(mass ratio SWNT:surfactant)

PSMA 0 0.7:1

Polysoap 1 1.1 1.2:1

Polysoap 2 2.3 1.3:1

Centrifuge

~ 1 h

~ 1 h

Sonication

probe

SWNT/

polysoap

Ice

bath

Wang, D.; Li Z.; Chen, L.;J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128: 6556 (2006)

Bundles of SWNT

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Surfactant templated assembly ofmetal nanoparticles with SWNT

Pt

500nm

Pd

500nm

No CNT/PSMA

500nm

CNT/PSMA w/o incubation

Wang, D., Chen, L.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128: 15078 (2006)

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PNIPAAm

Temp-responsive smart SWNTdispersion

original heated redispersed

1m 1m 1m

Dan Wang and Liwei Chen Nano Letters, 7, 1480-1484 (2007)

0C 40C R.T. redispersed

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CNT thin film electrodes for

electrochemistry

High conductivity without supporting electrodes

Tunable specific surface area

L. Chen et. al. J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 9, 2310 (2009)

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Biocatalytic CNT thin film

electrodespure SWNT film

laccase-SWNT biocathode

with N2 (curve a) and O2 (curve b).

Glucose oxidase-SWNT bioanode

with free diffusional mediator in solution

O2 + H+ + e- H2Olaccase

Glucose Gluconic acid + H

+

+ e

-GOx

without glucose (curve a)

and with glucose (curve b)

L. Chen et. al. J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 9, 2310 (2009)

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Characterization of SWNT electronicproperties

metallic SWNT

semiconducting SWNT

Lieber et.al.J. Phys. Chem. B 104,2794-2809 (2000)

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Scanning dielectric forcemicroscopy

2.0 2.0

3.0

2 5

3.0

2 5

metallic

semiconduc

ting

W. Lu, L. Chen Nano Lett., 2009, 9 1668-1672

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Assay for metallic content in

mixtures

200 400 600 800 1000

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Metallic enriched

DNA wrapped SWNT

Absor

bance

Wavelength (nm)

200 400 600 800 10000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Semiconducting enriched

DNA wrapped SWNT

Absorbance

Wavelength (nm)

Lu Wei, Chen Liwei et.al. Nano Lett. 9:1668-1672 (2009)

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Commercialsamples

CoMoCat SWNT

14 +/- 5 % metallic

HiPCO SWNT

28 +/- 6 % metallic

Lu Wei, Chen Liwei et.al. Nano Lett. 9 1668 1672 (2009)

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Double-walled carbonnanotubes

Structurally protectedinner-tube

Functionalizable outer-tube

outer tube diameter 1.5-3nm

interlayer spacing ~0.37nm

outer tube PL 1.7-3.6 m inner tube PL 1-2.5 m

+

-

h

Energy transfer

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5nm

c arac er za on o efractions

Densitygradientultracentrifugation

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1 )

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

IIntensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

0.011

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W

/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

In

tensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

Intensity(W/cm

-1)

Wavelength(nm)

Purple layer

Green layer

Yellow layer

5nm

5nm

5nm

100nm

5nm

95%DWNT

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Fluorescence is from SWNT

impurities

Weisman B., Chen L. et.al. Nano Letters (2009) 9:3282-3289

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SPM for non-intrinsic factors in energydevices

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Summary

SWNT applications in electrochemical energy devices

SDFM as a contactless characterization tool for 1D nanomaerials

Photophysical processes at nanoscale interfaces

Perspective: 1D nanomaterials with high interfacial area

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Acknowledgement

Dan Wang, Wei Lu, Yao Xiong

Abdou Hassenien, Bruce Weisman

Funding:

Petroleum Research Fund

Ohio University

National Science Foundation of China

Chinese Academy of Sciences