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Transcript of Luxbg fringe
The wireless fringe
Uni.lu, December 2012
Pascal Thubert (Cisco Systems)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 2
Wireless: the evolution trait
Cheap Install
Deploying wire is slow and costly
Global Coverage
From Near Field to Satellite via 3/4G
Everywhere copper/fiber cannot reach
Cheap multipoint access
New types of devices (Internet Of Things)
New usages (X-automation, Mobile Internet)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 3
Agenda
The Fringe of the Internet
The Route-Over Fringe
The Mesh-Under Fringe
The Overlay Fringe
The RPL Fringe protocol
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4UnclassifiedBRKEWN-3012
The Fringe of the Internet
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 5
The routing Infrastructure today
The Internet
Fully engineeredHierarchical, Aggregations, ASs, Wire links
Fully distributed StatesShows limits (BGP tables, addr. depletion)
Reached adult size,
mature to aging
IntranetsSame structure as the Internet
Yet decoupled from the InternetNAT, Socks, Proxies
First model for Internet extension
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 6
L2 mesh UnderMulti-hop Public Access Points, Proprietary mission specific products
L3 Route OverMigration to IETF Protocols (RPL)Internet of Things (IOT) Machine to Machine (M2M)
Mobile OverlaysGlobal reachability
Route Projection
Fixed wired
Infrastructure
56
78
CB
1
32
A4
A’s
Home
B’s
Home
MANET
MeshThe Fringe DOES NOT LEAK
into the Routing Infrastructure
NEMO
The emerging Fringe of the Internet
Edge
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7UnclassifiedBRKEWN-3012
The Route-Over Fringe
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 8
Emergency
HotSpot
(roadside)
SOS
!
Mobile Router
Mobile Router
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
Swarming
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 9
Sensor Dust
“Sensor dust” spread over a territory
Sensors assume a fixed arbitrary geographical distribution
Numerous sensors with limited capabilities (battery …)
A limited number of relays (MR)
MRs run an SGP (RPL)
2 to 3 uplinks (MR with backhaul capability)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 10
Fleet
Global motion plus relative mobility
Managed hierarchy over dynamic topology
Secured uplink to base
Dark Zone coverage and range extension (nesting)
TLMR
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 11
Internet
MR1
CN
HA1
HA1: HA of MR1
HA2: HA of MR2
HA-VMN: HA of VMN
CR: Correspondent Router
HA2
VMN
MR2
HA
CN2
CN1
Nested NEMO Route optimization
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 12
Forming the nested NEMO
Attachment selection fixed vs Mobile Router
Preventing loops in nested NEMOtopology
Optimize Default Route selection, shallow trees/DAGs
Fast reconfiguration upon movements
Potential attachment
Based on RA reception
Internet
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 13
MANEMO
Couple IPv6 global mobility with RPL
Mobility from NEMO, LISP, other…
Minimum set of rules for all MRs
Attach whenever possible
Generic RPL loop avoidance
Delay Attachment by target depth
Individual attachment
May use different OF
Common metrics
Ordered Default Router List
for fast switching / recovery
MONAMI -> InstancesDefault route
Kept in DRL
Dropped
Internet
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14UnclassifiedBRKEWN-3012
The Mesh-Under Fringe
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 15
Monitoring and Automation
Research & Discovery
Healthcare
Energy
Efficiency
Predictive maintenance
Industrial Automation
Smart
Home
Defense
Asset
tracking
Intelligent Building
Smart CitiesSmart Grid
Car 2 Car
Agriculture
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 16
ISA100: Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation
ISA100.11a industrial WSN
Wireless systems for industrial automation
Process control and related applications
Leverages 802.15.4 + IPv6
Link Local Join process
Global Address runtime
6LoWPAN Header Compression
Yet specific routing and ND
Next: Backbone Router
ISA100.15 backhaul
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 17
Internet
ISA100.11 / ISA100.15 reference model
ISA100.11a
Backbone
Router
System
Manager
Gateway
(ALG)
Plant
network
Security
Manager
ISA100.15
Backhaul
Router
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 18
What’s a Backbone Router?
Common ND based abstraction over a backbone
Scales DAD operations (distributes6LoWPAN ND LBR)
Scales the subnetwork (high speed backbone)
Allows interaction with nodes on the backbone or in other subnets running different operations
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thubert-6lowpan-backbone-router
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19UnclassifiedBRKEWN-3012
The RPL (pronounced ripple) Fringe Protocol
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 20
Routing With RPL
Dynamic Topologies
Peer selection
Constrained Objects
Fuzzy Links
Routing, local Mobility
Global Mobility
New Radios issues: Addressed in RPL ?
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 21
RPL key concepts
Minimum topological awareness
Data Path validation
Non-Equal Cost Multipath Fwd
Instantiation per constraints/metrics
Autonomic Subnet G/W Protocol
Optimized Diffusion over NBMA
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 22
Controlling the control … by design
Distance Vector vs. Link State
Knowledge of SubDAG addresses and children links
Lesser topology awareness => lesser sensitivity to change
No database Synchronization => Adapted to movement
Optimized for Edge operation
Optimized for P2MP / MP2P, stretch for arbitrary P2P
Least Overhead Routing Approach via common ancestor
Proactive vs. Reactive
Actually both with so-called P2P draft
Datapath validation
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 23
Datapath Validation
Control Information in Data Packets:
Instance ID
Hop-By-Hop Header Sender Rank
Direction (UP/Down)
Errors detected if:
- No route further down for packet going down
- No route for packet going down
- Rank and direction do not match
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 24
In the context of routing, a DAG is formed by a collection of vertices (nodes) and edges (links), each edge connecting one node to another (directed) in such a way that it is not possible to start at Node X and follow a directed path that cycles back to Node X (acyclic).
Directed Acyclic Graph for NECM
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 25
Generic Rank-based Loop Avoidance
1) A root has a Rank of 1. A router has a Rank that is higher than that of its DAG parents.
2) A Router that is no moreattached to a DAG MUST poisonits routes, either by advertising an INFINITE_RANK or byforming a floating DAG.
3) A Router that is already part of a DAG MAY move atany time in order to get closerto the root of its current DAGin order to reduce its own Rank
4) But the Router MUST NOT move down its DAG – but under controlled limits
whereby the router is allowed alimited excursion down
5) A Router MAY jump from itscurrent DAG into any different DAG at any time and whateverthe Rank it reaches there,unless it has been a member of the new DAG in which case rule
4) applies
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 26
Global versus Local Repair
: : A new DODAG iteration
Rebuild the DAG … Then repaint the prefixes upon changes
A new Sequence number generated by the root
A router forwards to a parent or as a host over next iteration
: find a “quick” local repair path
Only requiring local changes !
May not be optimal according to the OF
Moving UP and Jumping are cool.
Moving Down is risky: Count to Infinity Control
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 27
Objective Function
Extend the generic behaviorFor a specific need / use case
Used in parent selectionContraints
Policies Position in the DAG
Metrics
Computes the Rank incrementBased on hop metrics
Do NOT use OF0 for adhoc radios!
(OF 0 uses traditional weighted hop count)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 28
Routing Metrics in LLNs
Node Metrics Link Metrics
Node State and Attributes Object
Purpose is to reflects node workload (CPU,
Memory…)
“O” flag signals overload of resource
“A” flag signal node can act as traffic
aggregator
Throughput Object
Currently available throughput (Bytes per
second)
Throughput range supported
Node Energy Object
“T” flag: Node type: 0 = Mains, 1 = Battery, 2 =
Scavenger
“I” bit: Use node type as a constraint
(include/exclude)
“E” flag: Estimated energy remaining
Latency
Can be used as a metric or constraint
Constraint - max latency allowable on path
Metric - additive metric updated along path
Hop Count Object
Can be used as a metric or constraint
Constraint - max number of hops that can be
traversed
Metric - total number of hops traversed
Link Reliability
Link Quality Level Reliability (LQL)
0=Unknown, 1=High, 2=Medium, 3=Low
Expected Transmission Count (ETX)
(Average number of TX to deliver a
packet)
Link Colour
Metric or constraint, arbitrary admin value
For YourReference
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 29
Simulation Results
Traffic Control
Traffic Holes – Global Repair only
Routing Table Sizes
For YourReference
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 30
Example radio connecticity
Reachability imposed by L2 radio
Variable, almost per packet links
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 31
Example radio connecticity
At a given point of time connectivity is
(fuzzy)
Radio link
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 32
Clusterhead
1st pass (DIO)
Establishes a logical DAG topology
Trickle Subnet/config Info
Sets default route
Self forming / self healing
2nd pass (DAO)
paints with addresses and prefixes
Any to any reachability
But forwarding over DAG only
saturates upper links of the DAG
And does not use the full mesh properly
Applying RPL
Link selected as parent link
Potential link
Clusterhead0
1
11
4
4
4
46
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
22
2
5
55
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 33
Clusterhead
5
4
4
A second root is available
(within the same instance)
The DAG is partitioned
1 root = 1 DODAG
1 Node belongs to 1 DODAG
(at most, per instance)
Nodes may JUMP
from one DODAG to the next
Nodes may MOVE
up the DODAG
Going Down MAY cause loops
May be done under CTI control
Multiple DODAGs within Instance
Link selected and oriented by DIO
Potential link
0
1
3
1 1
2
2
2
22
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
4
4
5
0
65
4
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 34
Clusterhead0
1
11
2
2
2
22
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
4
4
4
4
Clusterhead
Multiple Instances
Running as Ships-in-the-night
1 instance = 1 DAG
A DAG implementsconstraints
Serving differentObjective Functions
Using different metrics
Forwarding along a DODAG (like a vlan) Constrained instance
Default instance
Potential link
A
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 35
Clusterhead
5
Clusterhead0
1
11
2
2
2
22
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
5
4
4
4
4
Applying ARCs
ARC scoped Advertisements
SubDAG via its root
Adv Scope == ARC
Normal DIO up.
Now forwarding over DAGAND ARCs
Reduces congestions of upper links of the DAG
Still LORA for P2P
IGP subarea (bidirectional)
Link selected and oriented by TD
Potential link
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 36
Summary
DV, ORA P2MP/MP2P, LORA P2P
Objective Functions, Metrics
Controlling the control
NECM Directed Acyclic Graphs
Trickle and Datapath validation
Local and Global Recovery
N/A
Dynamic Topologies
Peer selection
Constrained Objects
Fuzzy Links
Routing, local Mobility
Global Mobility
New Radios issues: Addressed in RPL by:
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 37
Next steps…
Reactive model (already started, aka P2P)
PCE (ala TSMP/ISA100.11a/WiHART)
DAG limitations
Sibling routing
Other resilient schemes (ARCs)
Stimulated updates (lookup)
Asymmetrical links
Multi-Topology routing and cascading
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.IoT6 38Unclassified
“We might be at the eve of pervasive networking, a vision for the Internet where every person and every device is connected to the network in the ultimate realization of Metcalf's Law.”
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 40
BACKUP Material
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 41UnclassifiedBRKEWN-3012
The Radio Enabler
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 42
Wireless: the evolution trait
Cheap Install
Deploying wire is slow and costly
Global Coverage
From Near Field to Satellite via 3/4G
Everywhere copper/fiber cannot reach
Cheap multipoint access
New types of devices (Internet Of Things)
New usages (X-automation, Mobile Internet)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 43
Dynamic topologies
No preexisting physical topology
Can be computed by a mesh underprotocol, but…
Else Routing must infer its topology
Movement
natural and unescapable
Yet difficult to predict or detect
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 44
Peer selection
Potentially Large Peer Set
Highly Variable Capabilities
Selection Per Objective
Metrics (e.g. RSSI, ETX…)
L3 Reachability (::/0, …)
Constraints (Power …)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 45
Constrained Objects
Smart object are usually
Small & Numerous
« sensor Dust »
Battery is critical
Deep Sleep
Limited memory
Small CPU
Savings are REQUIRED
Control plane
Data plane (Compression)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 46
Fuzzy links
Neither transit nor P2P
More like a changing NBMA
a new paradigm for routing
Changing metrics
(tons of them!)
(but no classical cost!)
Inefficient flooding
Self interfering
QoS and CAC
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 47
Local Routing & Mobility
Stretch vs. Control
Optimize table sizes and updates
Optimized Routing Approach (ORA) vs
Least Overhead Routing Approach (LORA)
on-demand routes (reactive)
Forwarding and retries
Same vs. Different next hop
Validation of the Routing plane
Non Equal Cost multipath
Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) a MUST
Maybe also, Sibling routing
Objective Routing
Weighted Hop Count the wrong metric
Instances per constraints and metrics
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 48
Global Mobility
Pervasive Access
Satellite
3/4G coverage
802.11, 802.15.4
Always Reachable
at a same identifier
Preserving connections
Or not ? (CORE*, DTN**)
Fast roaming
Within technology (L2)
Between Technologies (L3)
* Constrained RESTful Environments
** Delay-Tolerant Networking
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 49
What’s missing
A radio abstraction
802.21, L2 triggers, OmniRAN
Roaming within and between technologies
A subnet model
NBMA, interference awareness
Federation via backbone / backhaul
Broadcast and look up optimization
Large scale
non-aggregatable
numbering and naming schemes
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.BRKEWN-3012 50Unclassified
Why IPv6 ?
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 51
Why IP ?
Open Standards vs. proprietary
COTS* suppliers drive costs down but
Reliability, Availability and Security up
IP abstraction vs. per MAC/App
802.11, 802.15.4 (e), Sat, 3G, UWB
Keep L2 topology simple
To Infinity and Beyond… But End-to-End.
No intermediate gateway, tunnel, middle boxes & other trick
* Commercial, off-the-shelf
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 52
Things
Which IP version ?
The current Internet comprises several billion devices
Smart Objects will add tens of billions of additional devices
IPv6 is the only viable way forward
1~2 Billions
PCs & servers
Tens of
Billions
Smart Objects
Mobile
Fixed
2~4 Billions
Phones & carsIPv4 Unallocated pool to exhausted March 2011 !
RIRs pools to exhaust late 2011 and through 2012
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 53
Protocol Evolution
Little work on adapting IPv4 to radios
Rather adapt radios to IPv4 e.g. WIFI infrastructure mode
« Classical » IPv6
Large, Scoped and Stateful addresses
Neighbor Discovery, RAs (L3 beacons)
SLAAC (quick and scalable)
Anycast Addresses
IPv6 evolution meets Wireless:
NEMO (Mobile Routers) (Proxy) MIPv6
6LoWPAN ROLL/RPL
ISA100.11a ZigBee/IP
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 54
IPv6 addresses and headers
Stateful (states local and remote addresses)
Simple IPv6 Header
Extension Headers
Compressible
(6LoWPAN)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 55
6LoWPAN Neighbor Discovery
Proactive Registration to the default Router (aka6LoWPAN Router, 6LR)
Default Router DADswith an Edge Router(aka 6LBR, B for Border)
ND proxy over a classicND backbone by Backbone Router(overloading 6LBR)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 56
RPL: a 2-pass Routing Protocol forLow power and Lossy Networks (LLN)
1: DAG Information
Organize a routing topology
Distribute subnet information
Default route UP
2: Destination Advertisement
Advertise and install routes down
To prefixes, addresses and mcastgroup
Low control overhead
rapid convergence time
Or Energy conservation
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 57
NEMO & Global HAHA
Enables a subnet to change
its point of attachment to the
Internet
Packets to the mobile subnet
are forwarded by a Home
Agent over a dynamic tunnel
Nodes attached to MR are
unaware of the mobility
Global HAHA:
a global scalable model
See Also, LISP; HIP; PMIP…
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 58
IPv6 still lacks
NBMA / ML subnet
IPv6 only supports P2P and transit (ethernet)
By nature, a radio network is NBMA
L3 « VLAN »
So far only available with MPLS
Early attempts (MTR, RPL instances)
L4/5 hints
Flow Label given away to fwd plane
Microflows / compound flows
In WSN, a flow has multiple sources
Local and Global IP Mobility Unification
(eg MANEMO)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 59
ISA100 and IETF
Introduced at ISA100, discussed at IETF
Split from the 6LoWPAN ND specWG decision (Hiroshima)
Added registration from RPL
No duplicate unique ID detectionAs discussed on the list, too complex
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 60
Translated in IETF terms
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
LLN LLN LLN
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 61
Initial time
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ (6LBR) +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
A single subnet model
for the backbone and the
wireless sensor networks
Subnet
Route
In RIB
Subnet
Route
In RIB
Subnet
Route
In RIB
Subnet
Route
In RIB
Default
Route
In RIB
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 62
Registration (1ts step)
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ (6LBR) +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
DAO DAR
DAD DAD
Registration has:
• Lifetime
• Unique ID
• TID (SeqNum)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 63
Registration (2nd step one second later)
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ (6LBR) +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
DAO
ackDAC
NA(O)
The BR maintains
a state and a route
to the WSN node
for the registration
lifetime
NA(O)
Host
Route
In RIB
Host
Route
In RIB
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 64
Duplication
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
DAO
DAO
ack
(KO)
DAD NA
DAD option has:
• Unique ID
• TID (SeqNum)
Defend with NA if:
• Different UID
• Newer TID
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 65
Mobility
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
DAO
DAO
ack
(OK)
DAD NA
DAD option has:
• Unique ID
• TID (SeqNum)
Defend with NA if:
• Different UID
• Newer TID
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 66
Resolution
---+------------------------
| Internet/Plant Network
|
+-----+
| | Router / ALGateway
| |
+-----+
|
| Transit Link
+--------------------+------------------+
| | |
+-----+ (root) +-----+ +-----+
| | Backbone | | Backbone | | Backbone
| | router | | router | | router
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o
RPL LLN 6LoWPAN-only LLN LLN
packet
NS
NA
NA option has:
• Unique ID
• TID (SeqNum)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. UnclassifiedUni.lu 67
Binding Tracking Option
Used to resolve conflicts
Need In ND: TID to detect movement
Need In RPL: Object Unique ID for DAD
+ DAO-ACK (DUPLICATE) flow
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | TID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ Owner Unique Identifier +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+