Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide...

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Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro Caironi, Franco Valenza, Federico Polli, Federica Tallarini, Paola Cozzi, Massimo Cressoni, Angelo Colombo, John J. Marini, and Luciano Gattinoni Guillemette THOMAS Marseille DESC réanimation médicale Lyon janvier 2010 Am J Respir Crit Care Med, May 2008

Transcript of Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide...

Page 1: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilationfor Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro Caironi, Franco Valenza, Federico Polli,Federica Tallarini, Paola Cozzi, Massimo Cressoni, Angelo Colombo, John J. Marini, and Luciano Gattinoni

Guillemette THOMASMarseille

DESC réanimation médicaleLyon janvier 2010

Am J Respir Crit Care Med, May 2008

Page 2: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

VILI: Mécanismes et Cibles

VILI

StressPression Transpulmonaire

Pl = Paw – Ppl (Poeso)

StrainDéformation

∆VT/CRF

Système elastine/collagène

Cellules alvéolaires

Capillaires

Petites voies aériennes

Gattinoni et al. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: Suppl. 47, 15s–25s

Page 3: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RELATION

E Lspec = (∆Pl / ∆Vt) / EELV

EELV = end expiratory lung volume

Page 4: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Le contexte

Ventilation protectrice dans le SDRA: Pplat< 30 cm H20 ET Vt=6 ml/kg

Baisse de la mortalitéARDS Net

Work NEJM 2000

Le VT IBW et les Pressions de plateau sont-ils représentatifs du stress et du strain pulmonaire?

Page 5: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

METHODES

Mars 2005 à Mai 2007

Monocentrique

Population étudiée:

ALI/ARDS

Population contrôle

Exclusion des chirurgies abdominales et

thoraciques

Page 6: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

METHODES

n = 30 n = 50

Page 7: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

STUDY DESIGN

Page 8: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.
Page 9: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

METHODES

Mesure de la pression oesophagienne (équivalent de la pression pleurale)

PL = Paw – Ppl

PL = Paw – Poeso Etude statistique

Analyse de Variance (ANOVA)Z-test

Page 10: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RESULTATS

Page 11: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RESULTATS

Page 12: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

STRESS LUNG

Pl (stress) = Paw - Poeso

Page 13: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

∆ Transpulmonary and airway pressure relationship

PL = Paw x EL/(EL+Ecw)

Page 14: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Stress

p = 0,01

Page 15: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Generation of Strain

Strain = ∆V / CRF

Page 16: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Generation of StrainLUNG STRESS LUNG STRAIN

Page 17: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RELATION STRESS/STRAIN

E spl = (∆Pl / ∆Vt) / EELV

EELV = end expiratory lung volume

Page 18: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

DISCUSSION

Mesure de la Poeso:Rôle de l’elastance du ballon, poids du cœur

et des poumonsVariation de pression selon un gradient

verticalValidé dans des études antérieurs Intérêt des variations de pressions

Page 19: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Stress

Paw ne reflète pas la PLPL (stress) =Paw x EL/Esr

Importance du rapport EL/Esr (EL+Ecw)Normal: 0,5ALI/ARDS: 0,33 et 0,92Contrôle: 0,36 to 0,95

Pour une Paw à 30 cm H20, PL varie entre 10 et 28 cm H20!

Page 20: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

STRAIN

Vt IBW mauvais reflet du strain pulmonaireStrain = ∆ Vt/ CRF

Lié à la grande variabilité de CRF chez les patients ALI/ARDS mais aussi chez les contrôles

Plus le Vt est élevé, plus le strain est élevé MAIS pour certains patients, des Vt très différents induisent le même strain

Page 21: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Relation Stress/Strain

La relation stress/ strain est constante

dans les populations étudiées (Espé

constante 13,5 cm H2O)

Mécanique ventilatoire semblable

Notion de baby lung dans le SDRA

Page 22: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

IMPLICATIONS CLINIQUES

Strain < 2 ou stress < 27 (Espé = 13,5) Seuil Plat < 30 raisonnable Chez les patients avec CRF très basse (baby

lung), Strain > 2 malgré VT 6 ml/kg Ventilation protectrice impossible AREC ?

Pour d’autres, la mesure du stress et du strain permettrait de ventiler à plus haut volume ou PEP

Page 23: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

CONCLUSION

La mesure du strain et du stress en pratique clinique permettrait un meilleur monitoring de la ventilation protectrice

Page 24: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Limites Mesure de la Poeso:

Limite de la technique Faisabilité en pratique

clinique (équipe expérimentée, matériel adéquate…)

Etude chez des SDRA précoce. SDRA tardif et Espé?La difficulté est de cibler les malades pouvant bénéficier de ce monitoring

Page 25: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Physical and biological triggers of ventilator-induced lung injury and its prevention, L Gattinoni et al, Eur Respir J 2003

Pèlerinages à la bonne mère 2009-2010 Bench-to-bedside review: Chest wall elastance in acute lung injury/acute

respiratory distress syndrome patients, Luciano Gattinoni, Crit Care 2004 Lung Recruitment in Patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome, Gattinoni, NEJM 2006 La physiologie respiratoire, John B West La physiologie respiratoire pour les nuls, M Gainnier

Page 26: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

LA PHYSIOLOGIE RESPIRATOIRE

Pr M. Gainnier

Page 27: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

• ARDS/ALI = 21%

• Contrôle = 13 %

• ARDS/ALI = 49%

• Contrôle = 67 %

• ARDS/ALI = 30%

• Contrôle = 20 %

p= 0,31

p= 0,04

p= 0,23

Courbes pression/volume

Page 28: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

Quelques formules

Stress = k x Strain ∆ PL (stress) = ELspé (specific lung elastance) x ∆V/

FRC (strain)

Paw = PL + Ppl PL = Paw – Ppl ou PL = Paw – Poeso Ers = EL + Ecw PL = Paw x EL/(EL+Ecw)

Page 29: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

DISCUSSION

Vt et Pplat ne reflètent pas de façon spécifique le stress et le strain pulmonaire

Relation constante entre stress et strain qui est l’elastance spécifique.

Page 30: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

∆ Transpulmonary and airway pressure relationship

p = 0,26

NB: ratio EL/ERS supérieur dans SDRA pulmonaire vs SDRA extra pulmonaire

Page 31: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.
Page 32: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RESULTATS

Page 33: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

EFFET DU RECRUTEMENT

Page 34: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

RELATION STRESS/STRAIN

Page 35: Lung Stress and Strain during Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Davide Chiumello, Eleonora Carlesso, Paolo Cadringher, Pietro.

STRESS

Pour une fraction de patient: Quel que soit le volume, la pression transpulmonaire est la même