Lulu Threw Her Two Shoes in the Glue A Canadian English writer's alphabet for beginners

Daryl Zoellner

Acknowledgements

First, I will acknowledge our daughter Erin, who invented a sentence as an English assignment. It started the momentum for this book and became its title. Second, I am indebted to the editors of the 1967 Gage Senior Dictionary of Canadian English. The Lexicographical Centre for Canadian English at the University of Victoria, under the direction of M. H. Scargill, was largely responsible for the dictionary's editorial work. W.S. Avis of the Royal Military College of Canada, R. J. Gregg of the University of British Columbia, and P. D. Drysdale of W. J. Gage Limited collaborated, basing their efforts on the work of E. L. Thorndike and Clarence Barnhart. There are many IPA standard phonetic rules and examples but I have purposely chosen to return to the Gage dictionary to simplify the sounds. Third, I have been inspired by the texts of the American educator Ruth Beechick (Arrow Press, Pollock Pines California). Her list of the nine words that make up 25% of written English as well as the forty-one words that make up the next 25% have been incorporated into my sentence examples. This gives the student exposure to 50% of the words most used in written English. My own inclusions illustrate the vowel and consonant sounds. Phonetic alphabets such as the late 19th century IPA and the NATO military alphabet were useful resources. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet] Above all, I would be remiss if I did not mention that language means nothing if the soul does not exist. It means even less if that soul is not created by a good God to whom we give glory as our Logos. It still amazes me that God made us to communicate. DZ

Preface

Every letter or phoneme (group of letters) has a function. That function is to define sounds. Some letters must however remain completely silent, as in the letters k and e of the word knife. Vowels are the sounds made without completely or partly being stopped in the mouth by the tongue, teeth, lips or throat. Sometimes two vowel sounds exist as one following the other. Then they are said to be dipthongs, if pronounced in one syllable - a single emission of the voice. They are digraphs when pronounced in two syllables. The oy in boy is a dipthong. The letter i in mind is the blend of a and i, thus also a dipthong. The e-a in create and the u-i in intuition however are digraphs. A consonant is a speech sound formed by completely or partially stopping the breath in the throat, or by the tongue, teeth or lips. From the throat to lips we have g-uh, h-uh, k-uh, l-uh, zh-uh, t-uh and p-uh. Speech sounds are spelled as vowels, dipthongs, digraphs and consonants. There are 4 ways to say vowel phonemes oo, ai, ea, ie, y, and oe ; 5 ways to say ou and e ; 6 ways to say a and o ; 7 ways to say u, and two consonant sounds for u. (ex. lieutenant and quick). Out of 86 consonant phonemes, 14 are pronounced in two different ways (ex. ti).The following letters and phonemes are pronounced in 3 different ways, c, g, wh, x, ss, ch, and th. The letter s is pronounced in 5 different ways. The speech sound r-uh is spelled as r, wr, rr and rh. I have attempted to gather a large mass of instruction into a simple dictionary from which Canadian English may be examined from its smallest building blocks. This volume contains 19 vowels and dipthongs and 25 consonants to master in order to have a uniform pronunciation and spelling of Canadian English for the 21st century. My goal is not to make more work for the student. Nevertheless, there are no shortcuts. Rather, I will say, "Here is the task of writing in English as completely as it may be described." There really is an end; it does not go on forever. Have fun building your vocabulary! DZ

Table of Contents

Part I : Vowels and Dipthongs a ă, ä (+r), ã/eœ (+r), ā (+r)/ei page 1. e ĕ, œ, œr/ėr, ē, si lent e page 5. i ĭ, ī* page 10. o ŏ/ô, oi, ou, ō page 12. u ŭ, ů, ü, ū page 16. *...and sometimes h & y (ex. pages 11, 12)

Please note:

An R before a word means the spell ing is rare for that

speech sound.

Part I : Vowels and Dipthongs ă, ä (+r), ã (+r), ā (+i), ě, ə, ər / ėr, ē, silent e,

ĭ, ī (a+i), ô /o, oi (ô + i), ou (a+u), ō, ŭ, ů, ü, ū (i+u)

1. pāj wun

speech sound: ă

spell ings: al ai a au

The half-Rplaid hat made me Rlaugh.

vocabulary: calf, statistics, sad, mad, bad, napkin, etc. questions: Which spelling is most commonly used for this sound? note: The speech sound ă is called a short or "weak" sound.

2. pāj tü

speech sound: ä (+r)

spell ings: e(r,) a, a(r), ea(r)

The Rsergeant wanted a large heart.

vocabulary: father, bar, car, star, far, part, hearth, etc. questions: Which spelling is most commonly used for this sound?

3. pāj thrē

speech sound: ã (+r) dipthong eœ

spell ings: a(r), e(r)e, e(r), a(rr), e(rr), ayo(r), u(r), ea(r), ei(r), aye(r), ai(r),

Beware! There, under the very big box of carried cherries, the mayor's

pin is buried.

I found a tear in their prayer chair.

vocabulary: dare, care, fare, cemetery, married, Larry, terry cloth, , air, flair, etc. questions: Which spelling is most commonly used for this sound? Can you think of another ã (+r) word using the spelling ur ? They're, their, and there are homonyms but what are their meanings?

4.pāj fôr

speech sound: ā (+i) dipthong ei

spell ings: a, au, eigh, ai, ei, ea, ey, ay, (é)*

If hand made gauges, weights, and braided reins break, are they okay,

René*?

vocabulary: lake, bake, wade, cradle, eight, freight, maid, drain, steak, delay, Renée*, éclair*. questions: Which spelling is most commonly used for this sound? Why is there, almost without exception, a silent e following a consonant at the end of long a (ā) words? Is the word gauges spelled another way? Can you say heights the same way as one might say hates? note: * This is a French name and may be written with or without an accent.

5.pāj fīv

speech sound: ě

spell ings: ay, e, eig, ie, ei, eo, ai, a, ea, ae,

Ben says I should let my Rforeign friend transport my heifer and his

Rleopard with the backhoe.

Penny said, "To leave many tire treads is not very aesthetic."

vocabulary: met, get, suspense, fencing, mending any, bread, lead, anaesthetic, aeroport. questions: Does i usually come before e except after c when one writes ie or ei ? ex. believe, deceive. May aeroport be spelled airport? Are most of these spellings used in only one English word? Which spelling is most commonly used for this sound? Does the leopard belong to Ben or to the friend? Why does the second sentence use quotation marks? When forming a two syllable word is it usually necessary to have two consonants to begin the second syllable?

6. pāj sĭks

speech sound: ə

spell ings: e, i, ou, o, u, a, eig, ai, y

Janet got the pencil and cautiously completed the second drawing of the

circus.

She was alone for a sovereign moment by the fountain.

vocabulary: planet, sonnet, tinsel, delicious, tempted, wicked, lettuce, capsule, full, careful, away, curtain questions: Does this sound provide a way to relax the lips? Is this sound hard to hear? Can one tell it is a vowel ? (It comes from the open mouth not stopped by the lips, teeth, throat, or tongue). Does it seem to be stopped by the throat? When saying, "table", is there a vowel between the b and the l ? note: People are lazy or in a hurry and so this sound is a default sound (when the consonants around it permit) and represents the shortest or weakest of all vowel sounds.

7. pāj sĕvən

speech sound: ər / ėr spell ings: our, ur, er, ir, yr, olo, ar, ear, or, urr, re *, ure

The honourable fur trapper poured the hot fir tree syrup into the urn of

RColonel Smith, the scholar.

They searched for fishing worms and then prickly burrs, near the centre*

of their future camp.

vocabulary: flavour, savour, neighbour, colour, flower, birch, dirt, labyrinth, purple, denture, turtle, calendar, shudder, kernel, altar, meteor, doctor, purr, R_r_r_ ! questions: Is American English spelling always the same as Canadian spelling? ex. colour, color and neighbour and neighbor. Can Colonel be pronounced another way in English? Are the words metre, theatre, and lyre, from French influence? Could one spell them differently in American English? What is fur and what is a fir?

8. pāj āt

speech sound: ē

spell ings: ea, e, y, ie, oe, ee, , eo, ei, ey, æ, i

The team secretly believes that a Rphoenix is as pretty as a bee.

The people received a key from the Caesar, in order to use the machine.

vocabulary: Homonyms be, bee 1. verb, 2. noun: insect team, teem 1. noun, 2. verb: to swarm been, bean 1. past tense of the verb to be, 2. vegetable need, knead 1. verb and noun, 2. verb only: to mix with one's hands meet, meat 1. verb: people meet, 2. noun: food from animals beat, beet 1. verb: to defeat, 2. noun: a red vegetable creek, creak 1. noun: stream, 2. verb: makes a rubbing sound dear, deer 1. adjective: special, 2. noun: animal feet, feat 1. noun: body part, 2. noun: an accomplishment leak, leek 1. verb: losing liquid 2. noun: a vegetable peace, piece 1. noun: no conflict, 2. noun and verb : portion peel, peal 1. verb: remove skin 2. noun /verb: a noise, make a noise real, reel 1. noun: identified by the senses 2. noun & verb: fishing seen, scene 1. past tense of the verb, to see 2. noun: picture tear, tier 1. noun: drop of water from the eye 2. noun: layer week, weak 1. noun: 7 days, 2. adjective: not strong question: Are homonyms spelled the same? E-eee!

9. pāj nīn

speech sound: silent e spell ing: e

The l ittle blue turtles have had a chance to change in time before they

gave me too much trouble. rules for adding a silent e note: Some words have no rules for their silent e ending 1. After long or "strong" vowels: ex. stage, freeze, time, phone, tune 2. after v and u: ex. have, glue 3. After c and g: ex. chance charge 4. After l : ex. bəl / ble (noble, fable) cəәl / cle (bicycle, icicle) dəәl / dle (cradle, poodle) fəәl / fle (rifle, truffle) gəl / gle (Google, eagle)

10. pāj těn

speech sound: ĭ

spell ings: o i e (ee)* u ui ie y

RWomen archeologists in England have been Rbusy building a sieve to

fi lter Egyptian salt. vocabulary: artists, gift, shiver, kindergarten, crypt, hymn, rhythm questions: Which spelling is used most? Could been be said differently (bean or bin?) in different parts of Canada?

11. pāj əlěvən

speech sound: ī (a+i) dipthong ai

spell ings: aye, y, ye, is, ie, igh, i, uy, ei, eye, eigh

RAye!* My rye field on the Risland lies by Rhigh wires.

When grain buyers come, they neither lift up their eyes nor check the height of the

piles.

vocabulary: tries, flies, sky, try, questions: In the word "wires" can you hear an œ between the i and the r ? When a word ends in y the third person verb or the plural noun is often changed to ies. ex. I carry. He carries. I marry. She marries. They bury. He buries. You tarry. She tarries. cherry, cherries fairy, fairies dairy, dairies canary, canaries *a word meaning "yes"

12. pāj twělv

speech sound: ô /o

spell ings: ho, augh, au, aw, a, o, ough, al, (e)*

My honest daughter, Maude, caught a lawyer's watch dog and she brought it to

the sidewalk.

*e is used to make the o in borrowed French words such as encore and envelope. vocabulary: hot, bought, wrong, sought, fought, jog, hallway questions: Which English words begin with silent h ( ex. an historical journal) and which begin with a pronounced h (ex. hospital)? Do some words have a silent l ? compare: talk, bulk, chalk, sulk The letter a is often used for the ô /o sound.

13. pāj thėrtēn

speech sound: oi (ô + i) dipthong oi

spell ings: oi oy

When I boil the oil, I watch the boys.

vocabulary: soil, foil, broil, toys, royal, loyal questions: When we say loyal and royal does the y become a consonant? Do the teeth make the y sound? Why watch the boys

14. pāj fôrtēn

speech sound: ou (a+u) dipthong ou

spell ings: ow, hou, ou, ough

Now, the hour has arrived to decorate the house with Rboughs of holly.

vocabulary: Wow! towel, fowl, meow, cow, dowel, bowel, ouch! questions: In the word hour the h is silent. Is it pronounced in the word house?

15. pāj fiftēn

speech sound: ō

spell ings: oh, oa, o, ow, ou, ol, ough, oo, ew, oe

Oh! The boat sank so low, I feared for my soul.

The Rfolks, though, opened the Rbrooch and started to sew it, like a needle, to the toe

of Ann's slipper.

vocabulary: moat, coat, mow, bowl, slow, order, omega, odour, orthodontist, foe, goes, tomatoes. questions: When an r appears after the ō sound such as in order, board or sword does the o +r make a new sound? Words ending in o can be made plural by adding what letters?

16. pāj sikstēn

speech sound: ŭ

spell ings: o, a, oo, oe, ou, u

Come! See what London's flood has done. RDoes the trouble upset you?

vocabulary: Mom, mother, other, brother, another, blood, double, under, up, understand, butter, cutting, questions: If one looks at the spellings by themselves, would a person be able to say these letters together make the ŭ sound?

17. pāj sĕvəntēn

speech sound: ů

spell ings: u, oul, u, o, oo

I was full of fear and I would not push the Rwolf off the cliff where he stood.

vocabulary: bull, pull, scull, could, should, book, cook, look, shook, took, wood. questions: What is the difference between the sound of the vowel in wood and food? Or between push and sushi?

18. pāj ātēn

speech sound: ü spell ings: u, ew, o, ue,

oeu, ough, o, oe, ui, ou, eu, oo

Lulu threw her Rtwo Rshoes in the glue.

The teachers Rmanoeuvring through that glue moved Lulu into a suitable group in a

neutral school.

vocabulary: include, Susan, Andrew, blew, grew, few, new, true, blue, do, too, to, approved, juice, pseudonym, drool, tool. questions: In the word two, should the spelling wo be included for the sound of the vowel ü or should the spelling tw be included for the sound of the consonant t ? Either way, the w is silent and no other word in English is like it. What other homonyms sound like two? What do they mean? Is the w there in two to distinguish it from the other words? Is the vowel sound in the word cruel a digraph? How many syllables divide the sounds in the word cruel ? In school? Is the sound ŭ shorter and weaker than the sound ü ?

19. pāj nīntēn

speech sound: ū (i+u) dipthong spell ings: ieu, iew, ui, eu, eue,

hou, ue, yu, you, u, ew, eau

RAdieu to which view of the suitable feuding Rqueue?

In Houston there was a cue on the RYuletide stage for you to use a few beautiful mules

in place of reindeer.

vocabulary: neutral, dutiful, cucumber, mutation, fuse, amusement, Houston. questions: Are there two ways of pronouncing words such as suitable, dutiful, or neutral? Do the H in Houston and the y in you function as consonants? Some words do not form their plural with an s. How is a reindeer spelled when there are many of them? Are there other words that do not have s or es added to form the plural?

ex. mouse / mice fish / fish data / data moose / moose die / dice

Part II : Consonants b, ch, d, f, g / g (+z), h, hw, j, k, l, m, n, ng, p, r, sh, s,

t, th, TH, v, w, y, z, zh

26

20. pāj twĕntē

speech sound: b-uh spell ings: bb, pb, b

A rabbit in a Rcupboard sometimes bites.

vocabulary: bubble, toboggan, dribble, ball, barrel, habit, number questions: Where are syllables divided in the words rabbit, cupboard and toboggan? Where is the accent put on each word?

21. pāj twĕntē wŭn

speech sound: ch-uh

spell ings: ti, ch, tch, t, te

The Rquestioning child watched the future of the Rrighteous.

vocabulary: kitchen, choice, switched, fetched, mature, questions: Which, witch is which?

22. pāj twĕntē tü

speech sound: d-uh spell ings: ed, d, dd

She hummed and added a tune that comforted herself.

vocabulary: cried, stunned, returned, end, dreaded, needed. questions: Is there a rhythm to this sentence? What part of the mouth stops the d -uh speech sound? When double d consonants appear in added is the a vowel before them short? compare traded with a longer a vowel sound. note: reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves. They are used when the subject (ex. I or You) and the object (ex. myself or yourselves) are the same person(s). (you may replace yourself with myself, herself, himself, ourselves, yourselves, or themselves in the following examples) . Some may also be used with itself. blame yourself, cut yourself, enjoy yourself, help yourself, feel sorry for yourself, hurt yourself, give yourself (something), introduce yourself, kill yourself, be proud of yourself, take care of yourself, talk to yourself, teach yourself, tell yourself, work for yourself, pray for yourself.

23. pāj twĕntē thrē

speech sound: f-uh

spell ings: gh, ff, f, ph,(u),pph

Do not laugh at the effort it takes the child to pronounce that phrase, First

RLieutenant RSapphire ! vocabulary: cough, tough, rough, different, fence, fast, phonics, pheasant questions: note: The guardian of a place is a (lieu)(tenant) in French. Capitals are used in English for: The first word of a sentence. The names of people. Titles used with the names of people. ex. First Lieutenant Sapphire. Months, days and holidays. The names of places: city, state, province, country, continent, ocean, lake, river, desert, mountain, school, business, street, etc, building, park, zoo. The names of courses. The names of languages and nationalities. The names of religions. The pronoun I.

24. pāj twĕntē fôr

speech sound: g-uh / g (+z)

spell ings: g, gu, gh, gg, gue, (x)

"Before I go, I guess, I should wrap that ghastly eggplant in some old

catalogue pages," she exaggerated. vocabulary: program, game, gift, guarantee, guide, guilty, guerilla, guardian, ghost, snuggle, giggle, fatigue, plague, exam, existence questions: Would gu ever have a gw-uh sound? Think of

25. pāj twĕntē fīv

speech sound: h-uh

spell ings: wh, h

Who is he anyways?

vocabulary: whole, whosoever, happy, hepatitis, history, help, heaven questions: How do the words whom, whosoever, who's and whose change the word who ? Who'll is short for who_____and who've is short for who______? Should two pronouns (who and he) be in the same sentence?

26. pāj twĕntē sĭks

speech sound: hw-uh

spell ings: wh

What wheat grows there? vocabulary: white, when, what, whisper, where, wharf, wheel questions: Whether the weather is fine or not, will you come?

27. pāj twĕntē sĕvən

speech sound: dj-uh spell ings: di, gg, d, g, j, ge, dg (sh)*

The soldier Rexaggerated the time, but it took an hour to endure the

tragic traffic jam on Pigeon Bridge. vocabulary: legend, legislation, enjoy, aged, cage, badge, hedge, nudge, agitate, nostalgia, gem questions: Could the word endure be said differently?

28. pāj twĕntē āt

speech sound: k-uh

spell ings: k, qu, c, cc, ck, q, cq, ch,

Some kind Quebec accountants come back frequently and get acquainted

with our chemists. vocabulary: kitchen, accuse, package, plaque, coloquial, acquit, accumulate, accredited, sick, pack questions: What k-uh sounds do you hear in Cointreau liqueur? Did the French language give qu to English? (ex. cheque, Is there a digraph in coincide? Does this sound like go inside? Can the word knife be pronounced k-uh-nife? What about kinetic? What happens in the word can't. What is an apostrophy? What happens when two cc letters sound different when side by side? (ex. accent, accident, accelerate). In phonetic spell ing we see ks together. Note that this sound is also found in words spelled with x. (six, fix, exit)

29. pāj twĕntē nīn

speech sound: l-uh

spell ings: l, ll

They would love to tell the news. vocabulary: struggle, thrilling, pill, thankful questions: What is the suffix in thankful, thankfulness, and thankfully. Can you name some words that end in ly or ley, or lly ? Are they adverbs - describing a verb?

30. pāj thėrtē

speech sound: m-uh

spell ings: mb, mm, m, mn, lm, chm, gm

To climb to the dangerous summit, my dear friend and I had to Rsolemnly

remain calm.

Later, for a Rdrachm of mercury , he sold me a Rparadigm.

vocabulary: comb, lamb, numb, imitate, emergency, balm, emperor, alms, metric questions: When at least one more syllable follows mb is the b pronounced? ex. timber, member, symbolic

31. pāj thėrtē wŭn

speech sound: n-uh

spell ings: mn, n, pn, gn, nn, kn,

A Rmneumonic device: Rpneumonia Rgnawed at her lungs as no manner of

knife could. vocabulary: gnat, nickle, penny, knight questions: What is an infinitive? answer: the verbal notion without a reference to a specific subject. What is a root ? a prefix ? a suffix ? note about memory: To learn verbs, try using this mneumonic device: Intransitive: (does not take or require a direct object) I learn. You learn. Yesterday, we learned. Now we are learning as we have learned before... Yes! we will learn again. I swim. You swim. Yesterday we swam. Now we are swimming as we have swum before...Yes! we will swim again. Transitive:(direct object required). I damage it. You damage it. Yesterday we damaged it. Now we are damaging it as we have damaged it before...Yes! we will damage it again.

32. pāj thėrtē tü

speech sound: ng spell ings: ng, n, ngue

They were holding bottles of ink on their long Rtongues !

vocabulary: gingham, lying, sink, tongs, fangs, sharing, packing, pink, mink, song, brink, fingers, incarnate, thank, kangaroo questions: Do lungs and tongues rhyme? note about verbs: I do (1st person singular)... we do (1st person plural) ... you do (2nd person singular and plural)... she does (3rd person singular)... they do (3rd person plural) I have a tongue... I have two tongues... I have tongues. I also have ears and eyes but no noses, just one nose. I understand...she understands too. Notes: A gerand often uses verbs with ing endings. Gerands sometimes begin a sentence. ex. Finding it hard, they stopped doing it.

33. pāj thėrtē thrē

speech sound: p-uh

spell ings: pp, p

She wil l be happy if you give her his cup of juice !

vocabulary: pepper, dipping, supper, tipped, temperature, nap, sip, print, pie, pen, desperate, flap. questions: What changes from supper to super ? What changes from tipped to tipi ?

34. pāj thėrtē fôr

speech sound: r-uh spell ings: r, wr, rr, rh

You wil l roll your drum with either the wrong or the correct rhythm !

vocabulary: raft, rag, dear, member, write, wrench, berry, marry, rheumatic, rhinoceros, rheostat, rhine-stone. questions: notes: about verbs: I do (1st person singular)... we do (1st person plural) ... you do (2nd person singular and plural)... she does (3rd person singular)... they do (3rd person plural) I have a tongue... I have two tongues... I have tongues. I also have ears and eyes but no noses, just one nose. I understand...she understands too. about gerands: A gerand often uses verbs with ing endings. Gerands sometimes begin a sentence. ex. Finding it hard, they stopped doing it.

35. pāj thėrtē fīv

speech sound: sh-uh (ʃ)

spell ings: psh, ce, sh. ci. s, ch, sch, si, ti, se, ssi, ss, sci

RPshaw! In her ROceanview shop she has a special sure-footed machine

that combs Schnauzers.

The tension in the nation makes this Rnauseous mission an issue of

conscience. vocabulary: show, shout, shrill, shoulder, chandelier, tertiary, fashionable, invention, fissure, tissue, cashew, questions: What is the influence of germanic languages in this sound? Do students go to skül or ʃül? Do they have a ʃědjül or a skědjül?

36. pāj thėrtē sĭks

speech sound: s-uh

spell ings: s, ps, sc, c, s, ss, st, sw, sch

Some of the psalms are about scenery.

In certain books of the Bible, merciless Rchastening with Rswords

brings about Rschism. vocabulary: suffer, save, sit, self, psychology, pseudonym, psychedelic, science, scissors, fascinate, massage, possible, careless, bicycle, nice questions: How many sounds does the c make? answer: think of cello, car, and certain. note: Brings, and rings have a z-uh speech sound.

37. pāj thėrtē sĕvən

speech sound: t-uh

spell ings: th, ed, t, pt, tt

RThomas stopped to tell Theresa that he had bought Rptomainic mutton.

vocabulary: thyme, pterodactyl, flipped, meant, mint, toast, tip, fit, sit, quit, tiger, static, button, smitten, kitten questions: In optometry does the p make a sound?

38. pāj thėrtē āt

speech sound: th-uh

spell ings: th

Three thin forests grew to be one thick jungle.

vocabulary: thumb, thousand, thunder, thing, third, theory, theme, thoughtful questions: Is thence said like then? Is a bath for bathing?

39. pāj thėrtē nīn

speech sound: TH-uh

spell ings: th

Breathe now, not then. vocabulary: bathe, tithe, fathom, slither, farther, therefore, this, than, they questions: Hard or soft, this or thistles?

40. pāj fôrtē

speech sound: v-uh

spell ings: ph, v, f

RStephen's immovable vacuum, was Rof very weak construction.

vocabulary: dive, trivet, uneven, deserve, event, over, view, shiver, vitamins, never questions: Does the word Volkswagon sound the same when said in German? note: a slang word for poorly constructed cars and airplanes is flivver. This seems to be the only English word with a double v.

41. pāj fôrtē wŭn

speech sound: w-uh (hw-uh)

spell ings: o, wh, w, u

ROnce in awhile the Rchoir wil l sing a quick song.

vocabulary: one, whether, quill, inquire, questions, wonder, when, window questions: Do weather and whether, wither and whither sound differently to you? What difference is there in meaning? Do you hear the h sound? Is there a w-uh sound in the name Juan? What other languages besides Spanish has a soft j sound? note: r, y and w are very closely connected to vowel sounds

42. pāj fôrtē tü

speech sound: y-uh spell ings: y, i, e, j

Yes, it is my opinion that in ROceana all the people ought to sing

Rhallelujah. vocabulary: yesterday, year, yes, yoke, yen, you, onion, Antonio, asphyxia questions: From what language does the word hallelujah come from? How does one say jalapeno note: In words like attention we saw that ti may have a sh-uh sound. ? In the word Guyana one may see the use of the uy.

43. pāj fôrtē thrē

speech sound: z-uh

spell ings: s, z, x, zz, ss

Has the zero been cut by Xerxes' buzzing electric Rscissors?

vocabulary: does, zen, zipper, xylophone, cousins, musinig, questions: Does abusing someone mean you abuse with abuse? Could you amuse someone with "amuse"? note: In the word discern one may sometimes hear for the spelling sc a z-uh sound .

44. pāj fôrtē fôr

speech sound: zh-uh spell ings: s, z, g, zi, si

We measured the azure coloured garage for the brazier foods division. vocabulary: does, zipper, xylophone, cousins, amusing, sizes. questions: Does abusing someone mean you abuse with abuse? Could you amuse someone with "amusements"? In the words brazier or division could one separate i-er and i-on rather to make digraphs? (One tends to shorten sounds for efficiency). How does one say cashmere ? note: The second g in garage may be said with a dj-uh sound or a soft g (zh-uh )sound. Where there is French influence one uses the soft g sound.

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Sample Lesson

speech sound: ü (p.18. pāj ātēn)

spell ings: u, ew, wo, ue, oeu, ough, o, oe, ui, ou, eu, oo

Lulu threw her Rtwo Rshoes in the glue.

The teachers Rmanoeuvring through that glue moved Lulu into a suitable group in a

neutral school. PART A 1. SAY the letters WRITE the words u rule, mule _____________________________ ew threw, grew ______________________________ o to ______________________________ oe shoe ______________________________ ue glue, blue ______________________________ oo food, school ______________________________ ui fruit, suitable ______________________________ ough through ______________________________ oeu manoeuvre ______________________________ ou you, group ______________________________ eu neutral ______________________________ wo two ______________________________ 2.UNDERLINE the letters that make the sound ü in the above words.

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3. There are how many different ways to spell the speech sound ü ? 4. FIND words in the list below that have the sound ü in them. CIRCLE the letters that make the sound. cow draw brow true tool proof phone bat strewn mall soup crunch troop frugal PART B 1. READ and WRITE the sentences: Lulu threw her new shoe in the glue. The rule says not to move the blue tool next to the fruit. Through that manoeuvre the cover may start to droop. 2. WRITE a sentence using at least five words with the sound ü. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ PART C 1. WRITE the sentences in PART B by replacing the underlined letters with ü. (ex. threw = thrü).

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2. ASK a friend or parent to dictate the words in PART A. Do you remember how to spell them? 3. ADD some new words with the speech sound ü. (Be sure to check them in a dictionary with phonetic equivalents).