Lucy

RiskWhen you take up a sport, there’s always a worry that you might hurt yourself. Some sporting activities are more dangerous than others. A variety of factors influence how safe you’ll be. These include:

EnvironmentWeather Equipment

We calculate the risk of injury to help us assess the chances of injuring ourselves.

CALCULATING RISK

Consider: Frequency: how often do injuries occur in the

activity? Severity: how serious are the injuries? Precautions: how could you help to minimise the

risk of injury?Frequency; if falls are common Severity ; would accident cause serious injuries

and death Precautions; how can you reduce the risk

RISK IS THE LIKELIHOOD OF HARM. All sports carry some risk of injury and some activities are riskier than others. You need to be able to identify the risks involved to you and others taking part.

EXAMPLE: SKIING;• Skiers should use protective clothing to

minimise their risk of injury. -helmet, gloves and goggles, knee, ankle, wrist

support etc.

use the right equipment and always check the weather forecast and snow conditions.

Ski on appropriate run, and with someone else.

Overall risk: Moderate to High risk

CAUSES OF INJURY:Injuries occur in two ways;

Externally or Internally. Either as a result ofexternal force from outside your body or internal force from inside your body.

External ForcesImpact injuries are common in invasion sports There are two types, Impact with; • Someone , tackle, collision, punch, kick or • Something, hockey stick/ball, landing hard, running into a

post. These cause bruises, sprains, fractures, dislocations or

concussion.

An externally caused injury might involve someone bumping into you, impacting on your body to cause a fracture or dislocation.

Most common in contact sports.

INTERNAL INJURIESInternally, sudden movements can strain and tear soft tissue, muscle fibres and tendons, or damage ligaments, something that’s also possible from overtraining.

Chronic injuries arise when a condition is left untreated.

OVERUSE AND CHRONIC INJURIESOveruse injuries;As the name implies these are caused by using a part of

the body again and again and include tennis or golf elbow., both count as repetitive strain injuries or RSI

Initially these can be eased with RICEChronic injuries • These happen when this type of injury isnot treated or

given time to heal.

These types of injury can lead to arthritis.

COMMON TYPES OF INJURYFractures:- a crack or a break in a bone

or bones

Closed - when the bone breaks but stays inside the skin. Open - when the bone breaks and comes out through

the skin.

Dislocation- when the bones of a joint are wrenched apart.

- Torn Cartilage- - which tears, often in the knee and can 'lock' the joint

COMMON TYPES OF INJURYConcussion – shaking/bruising to the brainCaused by impact to the head, often knocking the

person unconscious

Soft tissue injuries: treated with RICE

Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or torn around a joint, eg twisted or sprained ankle.

Strains - when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn,eg pulled muscle. Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under the skin

following impact.Pulled/torn muscles damage to fibres

Skin damage:Cuts - caused by impact with a sharp object.

Grazes and blisters - caused by friction or rubbing.

COMMON TYPES OF INJURY

RICE The RICE method helps with many types of joint and

muscle injuries. The method will ease pain and help speed recovery. The RICE method is very helpful if you use it right away after an injury.

R=Rest, I=Ice, reduces swelling - which is often the cause of painC=Compression, controls swellingE=Elevation, reduces swelling

if injury does not get better seek help

ENVIRONMENTAL INJURIESEnvironmental injuries occur when athletes are working for

a long time in very hot or very cold conditions. In hot weather make sure you take in enough fluids to

avoid dehydrationDehydration - caused by heat & a lack of water/fluids. Leads to headache, light headedness, pale clammy skin and

muscle cramps.

Hypothermia - caused by excessive cold. The internal or core body temperature drops, leading to shivering, cold pale skin, shallow breathing, confusion, aggression and and tiredness.

OVER TO YOUDivide your paper into quartersList your four activities for final assessmentState how you could avoid an injury – safety rules??Find a different injury that might happen in each of

your activities.Explain how you would recognise the injuryExplain how you would treat the injury