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Life in Ancient Greece
Lucy
Ancient Athens
Lucy
SOCIAL CLASSES
Girl entertaining rich men at a drinking party
Boys from a wealthy family receiving physical training
Children from a rich family receive music lessons from a slave
Upper Class
• The upper class consists of citizens who do not do labour
• Have a job like trading, so they don’t have to be carrying boxes, etc
• This way they have more time for the government, war, literature, and philosophy
• Athenians believed there must be a leisure class or there would be no standard for good taste, no encouragement of the arts
• Civilization is based on the upper class
Upper Class
• The upper class consists of citizens who do not do labour
• Have a job like trading, so they don’t have to be carrying boxes, etc
• This way they have more time for the government, war, literature, and philosophy
• Athenians believed there must be a leisure class or there would be no standard for good taste, no encouragement of the arts
• Civilization is based on the upper class
Middle Class
• The middle class is mostly tradesmen, and men of skill who are not citizens but live in Athens
• This class does not get to vote• Freed slaves are also part of this
class• Many businessmen in the middle
class live in Athens because their skill and rights are better off in there than elsewhere, which makes up for their lack of citizenship
• This class was also called the metics
Lower Class
• Slaves were in the lower class• They are to serve their master at all
times• Slaves can be freed • They are not to be beaten• Most Athenian families have at least
one, rich families can have up to ten or more
• Even the poor citizen families have one or two slaves
HOUSES
A typical Athenian homeThis should consist of an open courtyard where the family spent their life. Rich families had some statues and fountains to brighten things up a bit, but otherwise things were pretty moderate.
Andron
• An Andron is for men guests • It was where the men ate and got
entertained• Females were not supposed to enter• An exception would be a female
slave to serve the men or specially hired entertainers
• Drinking parties called symposia were held here as wellA girl playing the reed pipes at a
symposia in the Andron.
Store Room
• The store room was for storing food• Food was generally in large jars• Amphorae and pithoi are what the
large jars are called• Foods like olive oil, grain, barley, and
wine
Kitchen and Bedrooms
• Bedrooms of the members of the family were simply furnished
• Wooden chests were what they used to store things, and the beds were like the couches in the Andron
• The kitchen was where the food was cooked
• Pots, dishes and eating utensils were simple and effective, decorated dishes were saved for special occasions
Gyaikon
• This room was for the women of the house
• This is where they did spinning, weaving, entertained female friends that were visiting and took care of their children
• This was only for females, if a visiting male was to force his way into the Gyaikon it was a terrible offense
A woman spinning in the Gyaikon
This is a picture of a woman spinning in a Gyaikon
Slave Rooms and Household People
• The slave rooms were small with little furniture
• Female slave rooms were around the Gyaikon and the male slave rooms were around the Andron
• Everyone in the household, including slaves, had a bedroom
• Slaves were in abundance: kids were taught by slaves, slaves helped the mistress of the house weave, sew and spin, slaves helped the man of the house do his work
How the Wealthy Lived
• The wealthy businessmen didn’t have too much luxuries as they didn’t set much store of them
• They might have: • more slaves • slightly bigger houses• a statue or two, fountains and plants
in the courtyard to brighten things up a bit
• Better entertainment at symposia
This is a girl entertaining wealthy men at a symposia
FOOD
What They Ate
• The Athenians were big on olive oil, because Athena, their patron, created the olive tree for them and it is very useful for cooking
• They ate some pretty interesting food including caterpillars, pigs, thrushes, sea urchins, peacock eggs, lupin-flower seeds, grasshoppers, and turnips
• They had a special kind of porridge—a paste made up of ground up beans, lentils, and corn. They are all ground up in vegetable oil
Drinks and Meals
• Greeks thought that water was only for drinking when there is nothing else to drink—they did not think it was very healthy. So they drank wine
• They didn’t like people eating more than they needed—like what humans do in feasts today
• They went to each other’s houses for dinner a lot
• Greeks hated people who drank too much
• Talking and efficient eating was what they did when they gathered around the table at dinnertime
Marriage• Girls marry when they are 14 to 16• They marry the husband their father
chooses for them• Husbands are usually twice as old as their
wives—they marry when they are 30• The father of the bride gives their daughter
a, dowry—money, slaves linen and goods . The picture above right is a bride and her groom
• The bride takes the dowry to her husband • Dowries are given because women were not
valued as much as men and so fathers had to kind of “pay” for their daughters to be married into a family—the bride is seen as almost a burden
• This can ease the way a bit when daughters are marrying into wealthy families as well
FAMILY LIFE
A woman spinning at home in the Gyaikon
A child playing
A music lesson—this can be in the house
Family Life• All meals were cooked by slaves, as
well as husband’s work• Wives almost never left their domain,
since it was not good for a married woman to be in the street to often
• Simple tailoring and clothes making was done by the wife of the house, assisted by slaves
• Leisure was an important part of family life—Athenians thought without it there would be no appreciation of the arts, no civilization. Therefore slaves took care of most household things
Who Was in Charge
• The wife of the house was in charge of directing the slaves to clean, cook, and do all sorts of housekeeping jobs
• The husband did the moneymaking, and also had an amount of command over his wife
• Kids didn’t have much say in serious issues but were more in command than slaves, unless they were ordered that they must obey a certain slave
CHILDHOOD
This is a child playing with a toy cart
Age 0-6
• The chances of children growing up are better if the baby is in a wealthy family
• Fathers have the right to abandon their son or daughter if they can’t afford them
• Other people can take the kids in, and they can raise the kids as slaves
Kids in this age were loved and well taken care of, but not spoiled like kids are today
Age 6-14
• Girls do not go to school• Mothers teaches girls reading,
writing, arithmetic, and the skills they need to run a household
• Boys go to school if they are from a wealthy family
• They learn reading, writing, poetry, arithmetic, drawing, and painting
Education was strict, and there were punishments for kids who step out of line—some severe, some not. Parents took care of children.
Ages 14-16
• Boys end school and begin their physical training
• They work out in the public gym, playing sports and running. This picture shows a PE class in session
• Girls are married to the husband her father chose for her
• Husbands are usually twice the age of a wife
• Boys are expected to be soldiers most of their early adulthood
Comparison!
Canada childhood• Women married from
age 25 to 30• The living rate of
babies is more than 90%
• Kids had luxuries such as electronics, running water, etc
• Girls and boys both went to school in a normal family
• Girls and boys both had opportunities to sports, arts, and music
Athens childhood• Girls married when
they were 14-16• You only lived with
good luck and even then it’s hard
• Toys and amusements were moderate
• In normal families girls didn’t go to school
• Only boys did sports and arts and music were not there until they were adults
EDUCATION
School And Means of Education
• Boys went to school at the age of six, where they were taught arithmetic, reading, writing, drawing, poetry, and painting
• Girls were educated on similar things at home by their mother
• Slaves also taught kids at home for some families, and they accompanied boys to their schools not to help them but to punish them if they were misbehaving
Other Info
• Girls were taught weaving, sewing, and such as well as household chores and skills to run a household
• Boys school went from sunrise to sunset
• The boys’ accompanying slave who made them stay on task were most likely to be set free after the boy was finished school
RELIGION
A group of men doing a sacrifice
A group of men in a procession of a sacrifice to Athena
Religion
• The Greeks were polytheistic, meaning they believed more than one god
• Greeks believed that there were gods for different things, and all the gods lived on Mount Olympus
• There was a queen of all gods and a king of all gods
• Different people sometimes worshipped different gods at different times for something they want to be done or they want a kind of help—ex: fishermen worshiping Poseidon, god of the sea
• Greeks were much set store of the gods, and Athens was actually named after the goddess of wisdom, Athena
Religion• Spartans loved the war god Ares• There were festivals in favour of
Dionysus the wine god every year in Athens
• Arts were also influenced by the gods of Mount Olympus—one of Athens’ proud architecture buildings was the Parthenon, in honour of Athena
• Greeks believed that everything they do in the world will come to influence them when they die and enter the realm of the Underworld—the realm of Hades
Religion• The twelve main gods included:o Ares, god of waro Zeus, god of the sky and lord of all
godso Hera, queen of all goddesses and god
of the marriage and the perfect family
o Dionysus, god of wineo Hephaestus, god of the forgeso Athena, god of wisdom and war
strategyo Poseidon, god of the sea, horses, and
earthquakes
Religiono Demeter, goddess of the harvesto Hermes, god of messengers and
travelerso Apollo, god of poetry, archery,
prophecies, medicine, music, suno Artemis, goddess of archery, the
moon, maidens, animals (especially baby animals) and childbirth
o Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty
Athena•Wisdom was contradictory sometimes and sometimes you had to be without mercy to be wise.•Athena lost some of her supporters that way in stories when she had someone lose a life for the greater good•As goddess of wisdom, she has invented weaving, the chariot, and a lot more of things that the Greeks used•Athena had a part to play in lots of Greek stories, in some she was a bad character and in some she was good
Athena• Athena’s symbol was the owl and the
olive tree• She had honey coloured hair, stormy
grey eyes and always wore a war helmet and shield
• The goddess of wisdom and war strategy, Athena has a rivalry with Poseidon, god of the sea
• Athena was born from Zeus’s head—so she only has a dad
• She is one of the three virgin goddesses—some say she has demigods by shaping them from her thoughts
CLOTHING
These pottery pieces show what the children, women and men wore
Men• Men wore togas in pale colours like peach
and white• The togas were wrapped around the body
and then fastened with in a way so that one shoulder was exposed
• The togas went down to the knees, like a skirt
• These togas were not too easy to move in• Despite the difficulties of moving around,
the togas proved to be quite breezy as the climate in Greece was pretty warm.
• During the Olympics, which only men were allowed to attend and speculate, the men didn’t wear anything since the toga was very hard to run in
Women• Women wore similar togas to the
men, except the togas went down to the ankles
• There were different fashions of fastening the toga
• These togas were not too easy to move in
• Women also wore jewellery• Even though women had jewellery on
in her house, they had to be as inconspicuous as possible when out on the streets
• Men loved to have their wives adorned with jewellery at home, but not on the streets
ARTS AND MUSIC
These women are playing the reed pipes
Music
•There were all forms of music in Greece/Athens:
†Singing†Lyres†Reed pipes†Choirs
•Music was seen as a sort of entertainment hired at parties and done at festivals•Lots of festivals had choirs singing, or people playing reed pipes as a background noise
Arts
•The arts included:DrawingPaintingSculpturesArchitectureMosaics, pottery and others
•The arts often had some relation to the gods, such as sculptures of the gods and architecture dedicated to the gods•Boys learned drawing and painting when they were in school•All art supplies were not as easy to get and good as today—they did not have electricity and paint stores
This is a peice of pottery—the artist shows a group of women playing the reed pipes
Conclusion
• The Athenians eventually got defeated by others, having the Parthenon crushed into ruins
• The Greeks loved everything moderate and efficient, instead of big and grand
• The Athenians thought leisure was very important, without it there would be no appreciation of the arts, no civilization
Picture Bibliography
• All pictures of the pottery are from: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/athens/explore/exp_set.html
• http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Furniture/Furniture2.htm
• http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/greece/food.htm
Bibliography
• Van Loon, Hendrik; The Story of Mankind; BiblioBazaar, 2007
• Deary, Terry; Horrible Histories, The Groovy Greeks; Schoolastic Children’s Books, 1996
• http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/athens/explore/exp_set.html