Lucknow City – Under Ground Water Stressupgwd.gov.in/MediaGallery/Lucknowcity.pdf · Lucknow...

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P.R. Chaurasia Ground Water Department, U.P.

Director 9th

floor, Indira Bhawan

Lucknow

10 July, 2015

Foreword

Water is treated as one of the most essential of all natural resources for the

survival of life on the Planet. In the present scenario, potable fresh water and its

availability has assumed critical dimensions both in term of quality and quantity.

As demand of ground water resource is increasing, its overall availability

is also diminishing. The resource is depleting at faster pace and in future will

become a critically scarce resource, particularly in urban sprawls. Hence, it

becomes essential to manage and utilize this natural resource more efficiently.

The management of top urban aquifer system should be a priority, so that this

easily available resource remains within the reach of common man in future

also.

The present report highlights the urban ground water issues focusing the

critical status of ground water in Lucknow city. The report gives an elaborate

picture of ground water in the city which shows how the resource is depleting

and which are the critical areas.

Now, the time has come that we should look forward for a sustainable

urban ground water management. I hope the data and maps included in this

report would provide very useful information for ground water management and

planning process for Lucknow city, the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

P. R. Chaurasia

---- ABOUT THE REPORT

There are overall 630 major and small townships in U.P.

and majority are located on alluvial aquifers of Indo-Gangetic

plain, where due to easy accessibility, private tube well

construction activity, especially in housing colonies and multi-

storey buildings, are going on unchecked and as a result,

dependency on ground water for drinking & allied purposes,

especially in big cities have increased in multiple proportions.

But, as the unscientific & unregulated ground water

extraction in urban centres is almost reaching to unsustainable

levels, the emerging situation is very disturbing. Especially, in the

absence of effective management interventions, the impact may

be extremely grave for the urban environment of the state and

therefore, the rapid depletion of urban aquifers may reach to an

irreversible stage. Presently, there are no authentic studies on

urban ground water. therefore, the imperative need is to evolve

some useful plans and strategies for suitably managing, protecting

& conserving the depleted urban aquifers in order to make them

sustainable for future ground water extraction.

The present report titled "Lucknow city- under ground

water stress" has been prepared to have an overview of critical

situations developed due to depleting ground water in the urban

sprawl of Lucknow city. The study will help in finding out the

solutions for mitigation of ground water stress.

R.S. Sinha Senior Hydrogeologist

LLUUCCKKNNOOWW CCIITTYY -- UUNNDDEERR GGRROOUUNNDD WWAATTEERR SSTTRREESSSS


BBAACCKKGGRROOUUNNDD

Uttar Pradesh is urbanizing at a faster pace and so the urban drinking water demand

is also escalating with increasing population. Since surface water sources are not adequate

to meet the rising demand of drinking water in majority of the cities, ground water has

gradually become the main contributor to water supplies & hence, there is tremendous

pressure on ground water resource to fulfill the drinking water requirements.

In Lucknow city, river Gomti has been the main source for drinking water, but now

70% of municipal water supplies are dependent on ground water, making it a predominant

source for city's water supplies. This clearly reflects the vital position ground water has

attained in urban water system, despite the fact that this resource is depleting fast within

the transforming concrete environment of Lucknow.

CONCERNS:

The city is located on alluvial aquifers of Indo-Gangetic plain, where due to easy

accessibility, private tube well construction activity, especially in housing colonies and multi-

storey buildings, is going on unchecked and this is the reason that the private tube

wells/borings have almost mushroomed in this capital city. This has led to heavy pumpage /

continuous abstraction of ground water resources, causing wide spread depletion of aquifers

and as a result ground water levels have gone down drastically to almost unsustainable

levels, from where it seems very difficult that the depleted conditions of ground water could

ever improve.

UURRBBAANN AAQQUUIIFFEERR SSYYSSTTEEMM IINN UUTTTTAARR PPRRAADDEESSHH

Though various satellite towns form part of the Central Ganga Plain Aquifer system, it

needs special mention as separate urban area aquifer system as the development potential

and recharge techniques differ from those with rural area aquifers. The urban aquifer

illustrations so far prepared for some urban areas depict in general a multi layered aquifer

system distinguishable as covered with 20 m thick clay layers. In most of the urban areas,

first aquifer group normally occurs within 160m depth, the 2nd between 130 & 285m depth;

the 3rd between 280 & 460m and 4th between 500 & 753m depth. However, such depth

ranges vary from area to area. The aquifers beyond 100m in various areas are semi-confined

to confined and yield large quantity of ground water ranges from 1000 to 2200 litters per

minute. The first aquifer group in most of the cities is under stress and needs its sustainable

yield level to be fixed for longevity of aquifer. Ground Water mapping and modelling of

urban aquifers should therefore receive priority in view of greater use of the resource for

daily drinking water consumption.

( ------ ------ ------ Silty clay Aquitard)

( ------ ------ ----- )

The above cross section shows of Lucknow City clearly shows that since 1970 how ground

water has depleted. The graph shows a "Trough" like situation that has developed in the

Lucknow city as depicted by ground water level of 2015.

AQUIFER GROUPS IN LUCKNOW

In Lucknow city, as per the extensive exploration carried-out by CGWB down to the depth of

750 mbgl, 04 Aquifer Groups, each separated by 5 to 10 m thick clays, are distinguishable.

Aquifer Group Depth Range (mbgl)

I (under stress) Water level to 155

II 160-240

III 260-370

IV 380-485/680

The aquifer material in these aquifer groups comprises sands of various grades, clays,

Kankar and silt. The hydrological properties of these aquifers has been determined by

conducting parameter tests on the tube wells in Lucknow city are given in the following

table-

Aquifer

Group

Depth Range

(mbgl)

Discharge

Potential

(lpm)

Draw

Down

(m)

Transmissivity

(T) (m2/day)

Hydraulic

Conductivity

(K) (m/day)

Storativity Quality

I WL-155 1100-1500 4-10 250-1050 1.8-7.6 4.2x10-4

Good

II 160-240 300-600 23-31 40-70 1.2-1.7 - Inferior/

Saline

III 260-370 1000-1500 25-33 140-160 3.0-4.0 - Good

IV 380-485/680 1400-1600 18-33 140-280 2.0-3.0 3.65x10-3

Good

AQUIFER DISPOSITION IN LUCKNOW CITY

There are no such clear marker clay horizons in the city area to significantly delineate

and classify the different aquifer groups. There are intermixed zones of unconsolidated

sandy aquifer.

� First aquifer thickness is increasing in central part of the city and decreased towards

south direction.

� Second aquifer group is relatively thinner than first aquifer and comprises more clay

content, holding inferior/poor quality of ground water, mostly occurring towards

south of Gomti river.

� Third aquifer group is not very distinguishable due to data gaps. Clay content in this

group is increasing in southward direction.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LUCKNOW GROUND WATER SUPPLY

Year 1975 1985 2005 2009 2015

Growing Tubewells (nos.) 45 70 300 490 672

Reducing Yields (LPM) <------------ 1200-1500 ------------- 600-1100 ------------>

Increasing withdrawls (MLD) 50 70 190 300 395

Since 2005, with rapid urban expansion and significant decline of ground water levels

to the extent of 0.5m to 1.0m per year in most of the city area, tube wells construction

activity/re-boring is continuously going on, despite reduced yields and increased withdrawls.

STATUS OF CITY'S SUPPLY

I (a) Demand : 525 MLD

(b) Total Production : 675 MLD

II (a) Surface water based : 280 MLD

(from Aishbagh, Balaganj & Gomtinagar water works)

(b) Ground water based : 395 MLD

LLUUCCKKNNOOWW CCIITTYY-- AA GGLLAARRIINNGG EEXXAAMMPPLLEE OOFF ""HHYYDDRROOGGEEOOLLOOGGIICCAALL SSTTRREESSSS""

A SCENARIO

Lucknow city, resting on a rich alluvial aquifer system of Central Ganga plain, is a

glaring example of "Hydrogeological Stress", where pressure on ground water for drinking

water supplies has increased tremendously, resulting into its continuous heavy withdrawals.

As such the aquifers from the dynamic zone have alarmingly depleted, leading to significant

lowering of water table in different parts of the city.

Since last 2 decades, the city is witnessing indiscriminate exploitation of ground

water and such abstractions have reached to a point where the geoscientists have projected

possible threat of land-subsidence in some prominent localities of the city in next 10-20

years. The top Aquifer Group (<150mbgl) of the city is presently under HIGH STRESS. The

granular zone of this dynamic aquifer is gradually drying up, causing almost irreversible

damage to ground water domain of this capital city of the state.

EXPLOITATION TREND

The trend of ground water exploitation in Lucknow shows continuous rise in resource

withdrawals. Construction of drinking water tube wells to meet water demand of this

growing urban agglomerate had started in early 70's and by 1985 about 70 tube wells were

operating. Now, this number of tube wells, under the control of Lucknow Jal Sansthan, has

gone up to 672 (relative increase almost 9.5 times).

Apart from large scale ground water exploitation for city's municipal water supply,

the residents of Lucknow, with the mindset to have alternative & secured water supplies,

generally prefer to have own tube well and with this attitude, private tube well construction

activities have gone up in multiple proportion and as a result the city has mushroomed with

innumerable private tube wells/domestic borings to an extent which has led to intensive &

unregulated extractions, but there is no realistic estimate of such unregulated withdrawls

which are responsible for the present day ground water crisis. As per adhoc estimates, the

possible ground water withdrawals in the city from both the municipal & private systems are

extremely high which may be tentatively taken as 750 million litres per day (MLD) or more.

Nos.

Jal Sansthan Tube wells 672 (Drawl about 400 MLD)

Handpumps (Public) >8000

Mini Tube wells/Borings 300

Tube wells : Government/Private establishments >400

Tube wells : Private colonies/multi story buildings >550

Private domestic borings Innumerable (no inventory)

Tentative withdrawal 750 MLD or even more

GGRROOUUNNDD WWAATTEERR LLEEVVEELL DDEECCLLIINNEE AANNDD IITTSS IIMMPPAACCTT

• In the 1970s, the pre-monsoon depth to water table in Lucknow city was less than 10

mbgl for the most part, which was even shallower along the flood plain of Gomti.

• With continuous large scale withdrawls, today the ground water table has depleted

widely beyond the depth of 20 mbgl and even crossed much deeper levels i.e. 30m bgl

or more in some areas, including Lalbagh, Cantt, HAL, Indira Nagar, Alambagh, Jail Road,

Puraniya.

• As a result, a TROUGH (depressed area) has developed within the ground water regime

of the city, indicative of heavily depleted aquifers in the city.

• This situation has further aggravated at some places, where ground water level depth

has reached to a more critical level, i.e. beyond 40m. These places are Babu Bhawan,

Cantt Sadar, Maunibaba.

• The emerging situation of ground water levels is very alarming, as such areas seems to

have reached to an irreversible stage.

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

The ground water levels are being monitored by the department through a close

network of Piezometers installed during 2006 in the city's area. CGWB is also monitoring

water levels in Lucknow city since 2003.

Ground Water Zoning:

• A GIS based appraisal of Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon water level data indicates that

deeper ground water zones in the depth range of 25-35 mbgl and beyond 35 mbgl have

significantly increased since 2006, which clearly indicates the adverse impact of over-

exploitation, as aquifers are continuously depleting and the water levels are declining to

alarming levels, which has resulted in low yields & failures of tube wells.

• The study shows that the zone of 25-35 mbgl, delineated as 62.5 sqkm in pre-monsoon

2006 has increased significantly to 98.6 sqkm in 2014 and 101.4 sqkm in 2005.

• Similarly, ground water zone with much deeper depth i.e. beyond 35m has expanded

nearly 10 times, from 2.9 sqkm in pre-monsoon 2006 to 28.2 sqkm in 2014 and

34.3 sqkm in pre-monsoon 2015.

• In post monsoon period, deep ground water levels i.e. beyond 25 mbgl were covering

only 10% area of the city during post-monsoon 2006, but within a span of 8 years only

i.e. up to post monsoon 2014, this zone has expanded to more than 40 percent of the

city.

Groundwater level data of Lucknow City

Sl.

No.

Location of

Piezometer

Pre

Monsoon

2006

(mbgl)

Pre

Monsoon

2014

(mbgl)

Decline/Rise

between Pre

2006 & 2014

(mbgl)

Post

Monsoon

2006

(mbgl)

Post

Monsoon

2014

(mbgl)

Decline/Rise

between

Post 2006 &

2014 (mbgl)

1 Aashiana 18.63 - - 18.35 - -

2 Airport 14.85 14.85 0.00 14.01 15.35 -1.34

3 Alambagh 29.56 34.75 -5.19 29.20 35.05 -5.85

4 Amrai Gaon 7.15 10.00 -2.85 7.85 11.25 -3.40

5 Aurangabad 9.52 13.75 -4.23 9.00 14.25 -5.25

6 Bharwara 12.90 13.85 -0.95 13.50 14.15 -0.65

7 Cantt Sadar 38.34 42.80 -4.46 39.10 43.25 -4.15

8 Chak Malhaur 10.98 12.90 -1.92 12.00 12.95 -0.95

9 Dindayal Nagar 13.42 15.60 -2.18 14.95 16.25 -1.30

10 Faizullahganj 8.93 12.80 -3.87 10.40 13.15 -2.75

11 Ghazipur Balram 3.10 6.40 -3.30 3.90 7.35 -3.45

12 Gomati Nagar 19.80 26.95 -7.15 19.65 27.85 -8.20

13 HAL 24.78 30.95 -6.17 24.15 31.65 -7.50

14 Hayat Nagar 6.89 5.40 1.49 6.15 6.35 -0.20

15 IET 14.40 18.60 -4.20 15.20 19.05 -3.85

16 Indira Nagar 24.90 28.15 -3.25 24.20 28.95 -4.75

17 Jail Road 24.00 36.25 -12.25 22.95 37.85 -14.90

18 Kukrail Forest 17.85 19.85 -2.00 18.65 20.15 -1.50

19 Kursi Road 10.90 14.80 -3.90 12.00 15.35 -3.35

20 La Mart 21.16 24.95 -3.79 20.60 25.25 -4.65

21 Lalbagh 30.29 34.45 -4.16 24.90 35.05 -10.15

22 Lalkurti 25.00 30.15 -5.15 24.30 30.65 -6.35

23 LU(New) 11.45 14.60 -3.15 11.10 14.50 -3.40

24 Mahanagar 24.50 28.82 -4.32 24.62 27.65 -3.03

26 Maunibaba 36.35 41.20 -4.85 35.75 41.95 -6.20

27 Naubasta 25.06 27.55 -2.49 20.00 28.35 -8.35

28 New Hyderabad 24.47 26.70 -2.23 26.95 27.85 -0.90

29 Para 22.48 20.60 1.88 21.82 21.65 0.17

30 Peer Nagar 18.40 17.50 0.90 17.67 18.05 -0.38

31 Purania 22.30 27.86 -5.56 22.36 28.05 -5.69

32 Rahim Nagar 23.28 - - 26.80 - -

33 Rahimabad 14.15 12.10 2.05 13.87 13.10 0.77

34 River Bank

Colony

21.05 24.40 -3.35 24.04 24.12 -0.08

35 RSAC 15.10 19.05 -3.95 16.00 20.25 -4.25

36 Sarojani Nagar 10.40 10.60 -0.20 9.95 10.38 -0.43

37 Semragarhi 14.30 14.60 -0.30 12.90 15.05 -2.15

38 Sports College 8.15 10.95 -2.80 9.00 11.05 -2.05

39 Takrohi 12.10 15.50 -3.40 13.40 15.15 -1.75

40 Triveni Nagar 18.40 21.25 -2.85 16.55 22.05 -5.50

41 Victoria Park 18.19 19.00 -0.81 17.34 20.15 -2.81

42 Vikas Nagar 23.95 28.45 -4.50 24.66 29.05 -4.39

43 Utrethia 12.58 15.05 -2.47 10.20 12.92 -2.72

GROUND WATER ZONES IN PRE MONSOON PERIOD

Sl. No. Ground Water

Zone (Depth

range in mbgl)

Area (sq km)

Pre 2006 Pre 2014 Pre 2015

1 3 - 5 m 2.8 - -

2 5 - 8 m 1.9 2.2 4.0

3 8 - 15 m 132.4 88.9 63.6

4 15 - 25 m 128.7 113.2 127.8

5 25 - 35 m 62.5 98.6 101.4

6 > 35 m 2.9 28.2 34.3

TOTAL 331.2

2.8 1.9

132.4 128.7

62.5

2.92.2

88.9

113.2

98.6

28.2

4.0

63.6

127.8

101.4

34.3

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

3 - 5 m 5 - 8 m 8 - 15 m 15 - 25 m 25 - 35 m > 35 m

Changes in Ground water zones Pre 2006, 2014 & 2015

Area (sq.km.) Pre 2006 Area (sq.km.) Pre 2014 Area (sq.km.) Pre 2015

GROUND WATER ZONES IN POST MONSOON PERIOD

Sl. No. Ground Water Zone

(Depth range in mbgl)

Area (sq km)

Post 2006 Post 2014

1 3 - 5 m 2.6 -

2 5 - 8 m 2.1 1.8

3 8 - 15 m 111.8 93.0

4 15 - 25 m 184.5 101.1

5 25 - 35 m 15.1 102.7

6 > 35 m 15.1 32.6

TOTAL 331.2

2.6 2.1

111.8

184.5

15.1 15.1

1.8

93.0

101.1 102.7

32.6

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

3 - 5 m 5 - 8 m 8 - 15 m 15 - 25 m 25 - 35 m > 35 m

Changes in Ground water zones

Post 2006 & 2014

Area (sq.km.) Post 2006

Area (sq.km.) Post 2014

Critical Areas:

• In majority of the piezometers, decline in ground water level has been significantly

observed.

• Some piezometers are showing relatively much faster decline that are located in

Gomtinagar, Lalbagh, HAL, Puraniya, Alambagh, Naubasta, Jail Road, Triveninagar,

Maunibaba, where more than 5 metres of decline has been recorded in both the

seasons within a span of 08 years only.

• The Hot Spots, where critical water level decline has been observed, are shown in the

graph. However, between Pre monsoon, 2014 & 2015 that is in one year, relatively

much higher decline in ground water levels has been recorded, as shown in the

following graph/table.

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

De

pth

Gro

un

d W

ate

r Le

ve

l (m

bg

l)

Ground Water decline with in a span of one yearLucknow City

Pre Monsoon 2014

Pre Monsoon 2015

Ground Water level decline between Pre 2014 & Pre 2015

Lucknow City

Location of

Piezometer

Pre

Monsoon

2014

Pre

Monsoon

2015

Decline between

2014 & 2015

(mbgl)

Ghazipur Balram 6.40 6.6 -0.20

Rahimabad 12.10 13.2 -1.10

Aurangabad 13.75 15.05 -1.30

Bharwara 13.85 15.65 -1.80

Airport 14.85 16.05 -1.20

Dindayal Nagar 15.60 20.55 -4.95

IET 18.60 19.9 -1.30

Victoria Park 19.00 20.3 -1.30

RSAC 19.05 20.45 -1.40

Kukrail Forest 19.85 20.95 -1.10

Triveni Nagar 21.25 23.45 -2.20

La Mart 24.95 26.3 -1.35

Naubasta 27.55 28.8 -1.25

Purania 27.86 30.06 -2.20

Indira Nagar 28.15 31.20 -3.05

Mahanagar 28.82 29.8 -0.98

Lalkurti 30.15 31.2 -1.05

HAL 30.95 31.9 -0.95

Lalbagh 34.45 36.4 -1.95

Alambagh 34.75 36.3 -1.55

Jail Road 36.25 36.85 -0.6

Cantt Sadar 42.80 43.45 -0.65

0

Alambagh

Amrai Gaon

Aurangabad

Cantt Sadar

Faizullahganj

Ghazipur …

IET

Jail Road

Kursi Rd

La Mart

Lalbagh

Lalkurti

LU(New)

Mahanagar

Maunibaba

Naubasta

Purania

RSAC

Sports College

Triveni Nagar

Vikas Nagar

Gomati Nagar

HAL

Utrethia

(where Ground Water Level has declined at alarming

rate between pre monsoon 2006

5.19

2.85

4.23

4.46

3.87

3.3

4.2

2.25

3.9

3.79

4.16

5.15

3.15

4.32

4.85

2.49

5.56

3.95

2.8

2.85

4.5

6.17

2.47

2 4 6

HOTSPOTS


rate between pre monsoon 2006-2014)

7.15

8


2014)

Decline (m)

5.85

3.4

5.25

4.15

2.75

3.45

3.85

14.9

3.35

4.65

10.15

6.35

3.4

3.03

6.2

8.35

5.69

4.25

2.05

5.5

4.39

8.2

7.5

2.72

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Alambagh

Amrai Gaon

Aurangabad

Cantt Sadar

Faizullahganj

Ghazipur Balram

IET

Jail Road

Kursi Rd

La Mart

Lalbagh

Lalkurti

LU(New)

Mahanagar

Maunibaba

Naubasta

Purania

RSAC

Sports College

Triveni Nagar

Vikas Nagar

Gomati Nagar

HAL

Utrethia

HOTSPOTS


rate between post monsoon 2006-2014)

Decline (m)

Alarming Observations

� PIEZOMETER AT WALMI:

The PACT office located at WALMI, Telibagh has installed one piezometer with digital

telemetry water level recording system in October, 2012.

• The data recorded in the above piezometer indicates an extremely grave situation, as

ground water level has declined

31 March, 2015 i.e. within a span o

be attributed to large scale housing constructions going on in Vrindavan Colony

as the heavy pumping

Ground Water Level at Bapu Bhawan

Ground Water level measured through

- March, 2014 : 39.55 mbgl

- January, 2015 : 41.2 mbgl

9.87

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Wa

ter

lev

el(

mb

gl)

Ground Water Depletion Recorded At Walmi

Piezometer through Digital Water Level Recorder

Alarming Observations:

PIEZOMETER AT WALMI:


water level recording system in October, 2012.

The data recorded in the above piezometer indicates an extremely grave situation, as

ground water level has declined alarmingly by 6.0m between 14 Oct, 2012 and

31 March, 2015 i.e. within a span of 2 years & 6 months only. This rapid depletion may

be attributed to large scale housing constructions going on in Vrindavan Colony

pumping going on in the area.

Ground Water Level at Bapu Bhawan

Water level measured through DWLR is as follows:

: 39.55 mbgl

: 41.2 mbgl

12.65

11.5612.26

13.84

15.2

year



(Telemetry)

GROUND WATER LEVEL


The data recorded in the above piezometer indicates an extremely grave situation, as

by 6.0m between 14 Oct, 2012 and

. This rapid depletion may

be attributed to large scale housing constructions going on in Vrindavan Colony as well

14.81

15.58 15.85



SOME ALARMING INDICATORS

• Tube well yields have reduced significantly. Data shows that in Municipal tube well

yields have reduced from 1500 LPM in seventies to 600-800 LPM currently. This is direct

manifestation of depleting aquifers & water level lowering.

• The declining ground water levels have changed the condition of Gomti River from

effluent (gaining flow from natural ground water discharge) to influent (losing flow to

ground water infiltration).

• Depression/Hydrogeological Trough has developed within the ground water regime of

the city due to extensive ground water withdrawls and subsequent lowering of water

levels. (This is supported by the fact that in the peripheral region, water level decline is

relatively low to moderate).

INTERVENTIONS NEEDS- The top aquifer (group I) needs immediate respite

from further ground water extraction

� A separate long term & effective Integrated Water Resource Management Plan should

be prepared for implementation, envisaging suitable interventions for a more

harmonized conjunctive use of surface and ground water.

� Excessive withdrawal from top aquifers (<150mbgl) should be adequately reduced &

regulated through a regulatory provision.

� Strict measures supported by public awareness campaigns, are required to check

undesirable wastage of drinking water especially in ground water based supply/

distribution systems under Jal Sansthan's water supply network.

Through the effective implementation of above 2 measures, ground water

withdrawals can be certainly lowered down.

� Further, ground water extractions shall be done from deeper aquifer group (aquifer

group III) to restrain pumping from top aquifer group.

� Studies suggest that the peri-urban region of Lucknow city on Lucknow-Sitapur road and

in south Lucknow envisages prolific aquifers, which can be systematically exploited to

supplement city's water supply.

� Existing tube wells within the city area need to be phased out systematically.

� In Cis-Gomti area, the proper depth for Rain Water Recharge is between 50-60 mbgl,

while for Trans-Gomti, it should be between 60-70 mbgl.

� There should be a vision for planned conjunctive use to reduce the stress on ground

water.

� Rain Water Harvesting/Recharge is neither the only hope and nor the end in

rejuvenating the fast depleting resource- Hence, a thoughtful management process

needs to be initiated.

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

We are thankful to Mr. Muhi Baksh,

Ground Water Expert, PACT, IDUP for

providing ground water level data of

Piezometer installed in Walmi Campus. We

also sincerely acknowledge the inputs

provided by Dr. R.A. Yadav, Manager, Ground

Water, U.P. Jal Nigam.

Lucknow City – Under Ground Water Stressupgwd.gov.in/MediaGallery/Lucknowcity.pdf · Lucknow...

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