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Lucifer of Cagliari

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Church of San Lucifero (circa 1660), dedicated to Saint Lucifer. Cagliari, SardiniaThis is an article about the 4th century bishop. For biblical character, see

Lucifer.

Lucifer Calaritanus (Italian:Lucifero da Cagliari) (d. May 20, 370 or 371) was abishop ofCagliari in Sardinia known for his passionate opposition to Arianism. He is

venerated as a Saint in Sardinia, though his status remains controversial.

Contents

1 Life

2 Works

3 Veneration

4 Notes

5 References

6 External links

Life

Lucifer first appears in history as an envoy from Liberius of Rome to the EmperorConstantius II, requesting the convening of a church council. At the Council of Milan in

354 or 355 he defended Athanasius of Alexandria against Arian attempts to secure his

condemnation by Western bishops. It was reported that Constantius II, a supporter ofArian theology, confined Lucifer for three days in the palace, where Lucifer continued to

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argue vehemently. Along with Eusebius of Vercelli and Dionysius of Milan, he was

exiled. He travelled first to Syria, then to Palestine and finally toThebes in Egypt. While

in exile, he wrote fiery pamphlets to the emperor in which he proclaimed himself to beready to suffermartyrdom for his beliefs.

After the death of Constantius and the accession ofJulian the Apostate, Lucifer was ableto return from exile in 362. However, he would not be reconciled to former Arians. He

opposed the Bishop Meletius, who came to accept theNicene creed(and for that wasdriven out by Arians). Although Meletius had the support of many proponents of Nicene

theology at Antioch, Lucifer put his support behind the Eustathian party which had

unflinchingly stood by the Nicene creed, and prolonged the schismbetween Meletiansand Eustathians by consecrating without licence a Eustathian, Paulinus, as bishop. After

this he returned to Cagliari, where, according toJerome, he died in 370.[1]

He may have been excommunicated, as is hinted in the writings ofAmbrose of Milan and

Augustine of Hippo, as well as Jerome, who refers to his followers as Luciferians. There

is extant a work known asLibellus precum, which was written by two Luciferian clergycalled Faustinus and Marcellinus. Jerome discusses Lucifer and his supporters in his

polemicAltercatio Luciferiani et orthodoxi ("Altercation of a Luciferian and anOrthodox"), as well as describing the bishop's career inDe Viris Illustribus95.

Works

Lucifer of Cagliari's surviving writings, all of which date from the period of his exile, are

directed against Arianism and reconciliation with heresy. His works are written in theform of speeches delivered directly to Constantius and repeatedly address the emperor in

the second person throughout. His main writings areMoriundum esse pro Dei filio (It is

Necessary to Die for the Son of God),De non conveniendo cum haereticis (On notmeeting with heretics),De regibus apostaticis (On apostate kings),De non parcendo in

Deum delinquentibus (On not forgiving those who transgress against God) and the two

books ofQuia absentem nemo debet iudicare nec damnare, sive De Athanasio (That no

one ought to be judged or damned while absent, or On Athanasius). His texts quoteextensively from the Bible and so are useful as sources for the Vetus Latina. Also extant

is a pair of letters which are allegedly correspondence between Lucifer and the emperor's

secretary Florentius on the subject of some of Lucifer's inflammatory works that he hadsent to Constantius.

Veneration

Lucifer's status as a Saint is a matter of controversy. According to John Henry Blunt's

1874Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of ReligiousThought,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Vercellihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_of_Milan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meletius_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustathius_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism_(religion)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism_(religion)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulinus,_Bishop_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulinus,_Bishop_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Viris_Illustribus_(Jerome)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Viris_Illustribus_(Jerome)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetus_Latinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Vercellihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_of_Milan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thebes,_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meletius_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustathius_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism_(religion)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulinus,_Bishop_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Viris_Illustribus_(Jerome)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetus_Latina

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The Church ofCagliari celebrated the feast of a Saint Lucifer on the 20th of

May. Two Archbishops of Sardinia wrote for and against the sanctity of

Lucifer. The Congregation of the Inquisition imposed silence on both parties,

and decreed that the veneration of Lucifer should stand as it was. TheBollandistsdefend this decree of the Congregation ... contending that the

Lucifer in question is not the author of the schism, but another Lucifer whosuffered martyrdom in the persecution of the Vandals."[2]

A chapel in Cagliari's cathedral is dedicated to a Saint Lucifer. Marie Josephine Louise ofSavoy, wife ofLouis XVIII of France, is buried there.[3]

Notes

1. ^ Jerome, Chron. Ol. CCLXXXVII 2

2. ^ John Henry Blunt,Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and

Schools of Religious Thought(1874), p. 263.3. ^ A Jacobite Gazetteer - Cagliari, Sardinia

References

Cross, F. L. ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York:

Oxford UP, 1978.

Englebert, Omer. The Lives of the Saints. Christopher and Anne Fremantle, trans.

New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994.Nihil obstat,Imprimatur1951.

Diercks, G. F. ed.Luciferi Calaritani Opera quae supersunt, Turnhout: Brepols,

1978.

External links

(Italian)San Lucifero

Opera Omnia CSEL 1886 from Google Books

Opera Omnia Migne 1845 from Google Books

Works in Latin at Migne

List of the writings of Lucifer in English

Catholic Encyclopedia, "Lucifer of Cagliari"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollandisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollandisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Josephine_Louise_of_Savoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Josephine_Louise_of_Savoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-1http://books.google.com/books?id=xOgtAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27Dictionary+of+Sects,+Heresies,+Ecclesiastical+Parties,+and+Schools+of+Religious+Thought%22&ei=LCFvSbHNN4OClQSDgL3LDghttp://books.google.com/books?id=xOgtAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27Dictionary+of+Sects,+Heresies,+Ecclesiastical+Parties,+and+Schools+of+Religious+Thought%22&ei=LCFvSbHNN4OClQSDgL3LDghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-2http://www.jacobite.ca/gazetteer/Italy/Cagliari.htmhttp://www.sitos.regione.sardegna.it/nur_on_line/personaggi/biografie/san_lucifero.htmhttp://books.google.com/books?id=Zy8RAAAAYAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=NPnJCNIkxuAChttp://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0347-0354-_Lucifer_Episcopus.htmlhttp://www.fourthcentury.com/index.php/lucifer-charthttp://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410b.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollandisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Josephine_Louise_of_Savoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Josephine_Louise_of_Savoyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-1http://books.google.com/books?id=xOgtAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27Dictionary+of+Sects,+Heresies,+Ecclesiastical+Parties,+and+Schools+of+Religious+Thought%22&ei=LCFvSbHNN4OClQSDgL3LDghttp://books.google.com/books?id=xOgtAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27Dictionary+of+Sects,+Heresies,+Ecclesiastical+Parties,+and+Schools+of+Religious+Thought%22&ei=LCFvSbHNN4OClQSDgL3LDghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari#cite_ref-2http://www.jacobite.ca/gazetteer/Italy/Cagliari.htmhttp://www.sitos.regione.sardegna.it/nur_on_line/personaggi/biografie/san_lucifero.htmhttp://books.google.com/books?id=Zy8RAAAAYAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=NPnJCNIkxuAChttp://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0347-0354-_Lucifer_Episcopus.htmlhttp://www.fourthcentury.com/index.php/lucifer-charthttp://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410b.htm