Lucent Cdma View

Lucent Technologies — ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of

Lucent Technologies and is not to be disclosed or usedexcept in accordance with applicable agreements.

Copyright © 1996 Lucent TechnologiesUnpublished and Not for Publication

All Rights Reserved

Issue 3September 1996401-614-010

Cellular CDMAProduct Overview

AUTOPLEX® System 1000

Lucent Technologies - ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of

Lucent Technologies Inc. and is not to be disclosed or usedexcept in accordance with applicable agreements.

Copyright © 1996 Lucent Technologies Inc.All Rights ReservedPrinted in U.S.A.

This material is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and other countries. It may not bereproduced, distributed, or altered in any fashion by any entity including other business units ordivisions without the expressed written consent of the Technical Publications Department. Forpermission to reproduce or distribute, please contact: AUTOPLEX System 1000 ProductDevelopment Manager: 1-800-334-0404

NoticeEvery effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate atthe time of printing. However, information is subject to change. This document is for planning purposesonly and is not intended to modify or supplement any specifications or warranties relating to products orservices.

Mandatory Customer Information

Security StatementIn rare instances, unauthorized individuals make connections to the telecommunications networkthrough the use of remote access features.

In such event, applicable tariffs require that the customer pay all network charges for traffic. LucentTechnologies cannot be responsible for such charges and will not make any allowance or give anycredit for charges that result from unauthorized access.

Trademarks5ESS is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.AutoPACE is a trademark of Lucent Technologies.AUTOPLEX is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.SPARCserver is used under license and is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc. in the UnitedStates and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based up on architecturedeveloped by Sun Microsystems, Inc.UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensedexclusively through X/Open Company Ltd.

Other trademarks may appear in this document as well. They are marked on first usage.

Document Support Telephone NumberTo report errors or ask questions about the information in this document, call Howard Press at:1-800-458-1761.

Developed by the Technical Publications Department, Wireless Systems/Software Support Group.

Issue 3 iii

Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page

(This information is subject to change and isnot intended for contractual purposes.)

Contents

About This Document

■ Welcome to This Document xix■ Purpose xx■ Intended Audience xxi■ Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge xxi■ Reason for Reissue xxi■ How to Use This Document xxi■ How to Obtain More Information About the Lucent

Technologies’ CDMA Product xxii■ How to Find Information on Related Customer

Documentation xxiii■ How to Find Information on Related Customer

Training xxiii■ How to Submit Comments About This Document xxiv

1 What is CDMA?

■ Common Access Techniques 1-1■ Code Division Multiple Access 1-2

CDMA — An Analogy 1-2Calls Processed by Digital Codes 1-3

■ Radio Frequency Spectrum 1-4Spread-Spectrum Technology 1-4Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum 1-4

■ Applications for the Cellular Market 1-5

2 CDMA Benefits

■ Benefits of the Lucent Technologies Digital CellularExperience 2-1

Traditional Cell Growth 2-1■ Benefits of CDMA to End User Customers 2-4■ Benefits of CDMA to Service Providers 2-5

Lucent Technologies Supports Industry Standards 2-6Lucent Technologies is a Leader in the Industry 2-6

iv Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

3 Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000CDMA Overview

■ Description of the Lucent Technologies CDMA ProductOffering 3-1

Standard and Optional CDMA Features 3-2■ CDMA Components 3-2

Series II Cell Site Product Family 3-3ECPC 3-3DCS 3-3

■ How CDMA Works 3-3How CDMA Works with AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 3-4

■ Advantages of the Lucent Technologies CDMAProduct 3-5

■ Transitioning Considerations 3-5Upgrading Your System While Protecting YourInvestment 3-6

Analog to CDMA Conversion 3-6

4 Lucent Technologies CDMA Products

■ Description of AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMAProducts 4-1

Series II Cell Site and CDMA Growth Frame 4-1Universal Fiber Microcell 4-2Cellular CDMA Minicell 4-3Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet 4-3

■ Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Overview 4-4■ New Equipment for CDMA Configuration 4-5

Series II Growth Radio Channel Frame 4-5CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) 4-5CDMA Channel Units (CCUs) 4-6Channel Elements (CEs) 4-6BCR/BIU/ACU (BBA Trio) 4-7Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) Board 4-7

Issue 3 v



ContentsReference Frequency and Timing Generator(RFTG) 4-7

5 Cellular CDMA Minicell

■ Introduction 5-1■ Cellular Minicell Cabinets 5-2

Primary Cabinet Components 5-2Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Components 5-5Cellular CDMA Growth Cabinet Components 5-5Power System 5-5Cellular CDMA Minicell Key Features 5-5Minicell Architecture 5-7Environmental Specifications 5-11

■ Growth Cabinet 5-12■ Cellular Minicell Antenna Interface Frame (AIF)

Cabinet 5-14Capacities 5-15

■ Physical Specifications 5-17■ Cellular Minicell Facility Requirements 5-17

6 Lucent Technologies CDMA System Features

■ Introduction 6-1■ Billing Features 6-2

Abbreviated Dialing with Acknowledgment 6-2Administrable Automatic Number IdentificationInformation Digits (AAIID) 6-2

AMA Containing Incoming Automatic NumberIdentification (AMANI) 6-2

AMA Dump for Follow Me Roaming Service 6-2AMA Dump for Selected Subscribers 6-2AMA Search 6-3AMA Teleprocessing System 6-3BillNet Automatic Message Accounting 6-3CDMA/Analog Usage Billing 6-3

vi Issue 3



401-614-010

ContentsCredit Card Billing 6-3Default Abbreviated Dialing with AcknowledgmentRecord Generation for Home Subscribers 6-3

Dialed Digits in AMA 6-4Immediate Billing Security Records 6-4Last Cell Information in AMA 6-4Partial Station Class Mark in AMA 6-4Selectable Billing Records 6-4Suppress Master Special Cellular Networking (SCN) AMA Records 6-4

■ Subscriber Features 6-5Allowable Called Number Table 6-5Automatic Call Trace 6-5Call Forwarding Backoff to Message RecordingService (MRS) 6-5

Calling Number Identification Presentation (CNIP)and Calling Number Identification and CallingNumber Restriction (CNIR) 6-5

Calling Party Number Acceptance /Delivery 6-6Cancel Call Waiting 6-6Over the Air Activation/Provisioning 6-6Credit Card Dialing 6-6CDMA Custom Calling Package 6-7Distinctive Ringing Standalone HLR 6-7Limited Service Area 6-7Extended Limited Service Area 6-8Limited Service Area - Inter-MSC/DCS 6-8Limited Call Transfer 6-8Local Directory Number (LDN) 6-8Malicious Call Trace 6-8Message Recording Service 6-9Message Recording Service Equal AccessInterface 6-9

Message Retrieval Code 6-9Message Waiting Indicator (MWI) 6-9Pound (#) Send 6-9Project Accounting Service 6-10Project Accounting Service Authorization(PASA) 6-10

Remote Feature Activation 6-10

Issue 3 vii



ContentsRestricted Access 6-10Short Message Service (SMS) on Analog VoiceChannel 6-11

Short Message Service on Paging Channel 6-11Sleep Mode/Slotted Paging 6-11Subscriber Access Control Phase 1 6-11Subscriber Pre-Page Announcement 6-11Voice Mail 6-12Voice Mail Notification 6-12

■ Cell Site Configuration Features 6-12Cellular CDMA Minicell Support 6-12CDMA Series II Six Sector 6-12Channel Element (CE) Gain Control 6-12Fiber Microcell 6-13Improved RC/V for Cell Configuration 6-13Overhead Channel Pooling 6-13

■ Data Features 6-13CDMA Circuit Mode Data Interworking Function 6-13CDMA Core Circuit Mode Data 6-13CDMA 14.4 Kbps Circuit Mode Data 6-13

■ Fraud Control Features 6-14Authentication Analog/CDMA Digital Mode 6-14Authorized Roaming List 6-14Homer Electronic Serial Number (ESN) FraudCheck 6-14

Increased Court Order Surveillance 6-14IS-41 Message Visibility 6-14Manufacturer Code Validation 6-15Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI) 6-15Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA) 6-15PIN Capability 6-15PIN Password Change 6-15

■ Networking and Roaming Features 6-16Automatic Roaming/Automatic Roamer Greeting 6-16Autonomous Registration/Enhanced Registration 6-16CDMA/Analog Handoff IS-41B - AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 6-16

CDMA/Analog Spectrum Swap 6-16CDMA Available Indicator 6-17

viii Issue 3



401-614-010

ContentsCDMA Handoff Matrix 6-17CDMA Intra-DCS Multiple CDMA Carrier SemisoftHandoff 6-17

Inter-DCS Soft Handoffs 6-17Intra-DCS Soft Handoffs 6-17Inter-MSC Originations/Terminations 6-17Inter-MSC Soft Handoff 6-18Inter-MSC Soft Handoff Phase II 6-18Inter-SM Soft Handoff 6-18Increased Neighbor List 6-18IS-41 CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff 6-18IS-41B Global Title Translation 6-18IS-41B Global Unknown Roamers 6-19IS-41 Inter-MSC PCS-CDMA (1.9 GHz) to AMPs-CDMA (850 MHz) Hard Handoff 6-19

IS-41 Rev C 6-19IS-41N Triggers 6-19Multi Carrier Semisoft Handoff 6-20Multiple CDMA Equipped 5ESS-2000 DCS per MSC 6-20

Multiple Roamer Class of Service 6-20Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC Extended FeatureTransparency Network (EFTN) and IS-41 6-20

Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC FeatureTransparency Network (FTN) 6-20

Roamer Only Roamer Access Number 6-20Routing Service for Emergency Calls 6-21Special Cellular Networking 6-21Variable Width Packet Pipes 6-21

■ Network Interconnect Features 6-225ESS-2000 Switch SS7 Call Signaling 6-22Carrier Access Code Restriction 6-22Carrier Selection 6-22EIA Compatibility 6-22End Office Appearance 6-22E1 Compatibility 6-23Feature Group D Customer Identification CodeExpansion 6-23

Operator Services Signaling 6-23

Issue 3 ix



ContentsSpecial Routing 6-23Tandem Trunk Switching 6-23

■ Operations, Administration and MaintenanceFeatures 6-23

Alarm Summary Print 6-23CDMA Basic Diagnostics/Translations 6-24CRTU Performance Monitoring and FaultLocalization Phase 1 6-24

CRTU Performance Monitoring and Fault IsolationPhase II 6-24

Database Survey 6-25Immediate Call Trace 6-25Long Call Detection 6-25Mobile Station Test - MOST 6-25User Talk Mobile Station - UTMOST 6-25Multiple Systems Subscriber Administration 6-25OMP Cellular Network Analyzer 6-26OMP DCS Translations Hardcopy 6-26Programmable Treatment Routing 6-26Operator Call Restrictions Announcement 6-26Orthogonal Channel Noise Source 6-26Primary Alarm Clock 6-27Selectable Cell Site Messaging 6-27Selectable Paging Tone 6-27Service Measurements 6-27Service Measurements Report Generator 6-27Subscriber and System Errors to Announcement 6-28Subscriber Form Activity Print 6-28Subscriber Loopback Test 6-28System Integrity Improvements Phase 1 6-28TTY Number Display 6-29Text Recent Change/Verify 6-29User Defined Cell Site Alarms 6-29

■ Service Quality Features 6-298 Kbps Vocoder 6-2913 Kbps Vocoding Service 6-2913 Kbps Channel Element Unit (TCU) Support 6-30CDMA Enhanced Variable Rate Coding (EVRC) Vocoding 6-30

x Issue 3



401-614-010

ContentsIntegrated Multi-rate/Multi-type Vocoder Service 6-30Craft Forced Channel Element Handoff 6-30High Density CCU (HCU) 6-30Power Control 6-30Radio Frequency (RF) Call Trace 6-31Markov 8 Kbps/Markov 13 Kbps Service Option 6-31Soft Handoff 6-31Softer Handoff 6-31Subscriber Call Quality Rating 6-31Subscriber Control of Special Routing 6-31

■ Virtual System Features 6-32Virtual Systems 6-32

■ Planning for the Future 6-33

7 Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing

■ Call Processing 7-1■ Call Processing Elements 7-1■ Dynamic Power Control 7-2■ Handoffs 7-2■ Handoff Types 7-3

CDMA Soft Handoff 7-42-Way and 3-Way Soft Handoff 7-4Softer Handoff 7-4Hard Handoff 7-4

■ Roaming 7-5

8 Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000 DigitalCellular Switch (DCS)

■ Introduction 8-1■ Description of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-1

Capabilities of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-25ESS-2000 Switch Alternatives 8-3Utilizing Existing DCSs 8-3

■ Hardware Components of the

Issue 3 xi



Contents5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-4

Administrative Module (AM) 8-4Communications Module (CM) 8-5Switching Module (SM and SM-2000) 8-5

■ New Components for CDMA 8-6Packet Switching Unit 8-6Variable Rate Vocoder 8-7

■ Advantages of Using the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCSwith CDMA 8-8

Packet Pipe Structure 8-8Packet Pipe Architecture and Call Processing 8-8Facilities Concentration 8-9Facilities Utilization 8-9

9 Lucent Technologies Executive CellularProcessor Complex

■ Description of the ECPC 9-1Functions of the ECPC 9-1How the ECPC Interfaces with NetworkComponents 9-2

CDMA Impact on Existing AUTOPLEX System 1000ECPC 9-2

■ ECPC Components 9-23B21D Processor 9-3ECPC Software 9-4CNI/IMS Ring 9-4

10 Operations, Administration and Maintenance

■ Introduction 10-1■ OA&M Strategy 10-1■ Tools and Test Sets 10-2

Operations and Management Platform (OMP) 10-2AutoPACE™ System 10-4CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU) 10-4

xii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

11 Wireless Professional Services

■ Introduction 11-1■ Planning Services 11-1

Spectrum Clearing 11-1Radio Frequency (RF) Network EngineeringDesign 11-2

Network Switch and Transmission Planningand Design 11-2

■ Pre-Operations Services 11-2Site Acquisition Service 11-2Architectural and Environmental Engineering (A&E)Service 11-2

Construction Management Services 11-3■ Project Implementation Services 11-3

Project Management 11-3Office Engineering 11-3Installation of the Cellular Network 11-4

■ Post System Deployment Services 11-4RF Drive Testing 11-4System Capacity Review 11-4System Growth Design 11-4Enhanced Technical Services (ETS) 11-4Maintenance 11-5

■ Training 11-5

A CDMA System Capacity and Specifications

■ CDMA System Capacity A-1■ Capacity Comparisons A-2■ Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) A-2■ 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS BHCA and Capacity

Comparisons A-3■ System Reliability A-3■ System Availability A-4■ Power and Grounding Requirements for the GPS

Antenna A-4

Issue 3 xiii



Contents■ Physical and Environmental Requirements A-4

GL Glossary GL-1

IN Index IN-1

xiv Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 xv



Figures

1 What is CDMA?

1-1. A CDMA Analogy 1-3

2 CDMA Benefits

2-1. 14 Cell System 2-22-2. Cellular Growth 2-22-3. Additional Cellular Growth 2-3

3 Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000CDMA Overview

3-1. AUTOPLEX System 1000 Main Components forCDMA 3-2

3-2. Comparison of Spectrum/Analog Channel Use forOne CDMA Carrier 3-6

3-3. Two CDMA Carriers with Guard Bands 3-7

4 Lucent Technologies CDMA Products

4-1. Series II Cell Site with Growth Frame 4-24-2. Basic Configuration of a CDMA Series II Growth

Frame Cell Site Shelf 4-54-3. CDMA Cell Site Interface 4-8


5-1. Cellular CDMA Minicell Products Cabinet Layout 5-25-2. Cellular CDMA Minicell Primary Cabinet 5-45-3. Cellular CDMA Minicell Cluster Architecture 5-85-4. BCR and ACU Interconnections Between CDMA

Clusters 5-9

xvi Issue 3



401-614-010

Figures5-5. Cellular CDMA Minicell RF Train Architecture -

Simplex Option 5-105-6. Cellular CDMA Minicell RF Train Architecture -

Duplex Option 5-115-7. Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet 5-135-8. Mini Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Cabinet 5-14

7 Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing

7-1. Soft Handoff 7-3


8-1. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS Components 8-48-2. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS Administrative Module 8-58-3. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS CDMA Components 8-6

9 Lucent Technologies Executive CellularProcessor Complex

9-1. AUTOPLEX System 1000 Control Complex 9-5

10 Operations, Administration and Maintenance

10-1. OMP Architecture 10-3

Issue 3 xvii



Tables


5-1. Specifications for Environmental Conditions 5-125-2. Number of RF Carriers Supported in Omni

Configuration 5-155-3. Maximum Number of Channel Units Supported

in Omni Configuration 5-155-4. Number of RF Carriers Supported in Sectorized

Configurations 5-165-5. Number of Channel Units Supported in 3 and 6

Sector Configurations 5-165-6. Physical Specifications of the Cellular CDMA

Minicell Cabinets 5-17


8-1. Comparison of Simultaneous Calls per PacketPipe 8-9

8-2. Comparison of Ratio of Calls per Packet Pipe 8-9

A CDMA System Capacity and Specifications

A-1. System Capacity A-1A-2. Comparison of CDMA, AMPS, TDMA, and GSM

Systems A-2A-3. Rated Busy Hour Calls A-3

xviii Issue 3



401-614-010

Tables

Issue 3 xix



About This Document

Welcome to This Document

Demand for Wireless communication systems is exploding! Cellular serviceproviders are signing up new subscribers at an ever-increasing rate, exceedingthe most optimistic forecasts for demand of only a few years ago. In the UnitedStates alone, cellular users will have grown from 5.3 million in 1990 to anestimated 29 million subscribers by the year 2000.1

Cellular providers must squeeze more and more capacity from the limitedfrequency spectrum allocations set forth by national communications regulatoryagencies. Using analog Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) technologyresults in continued cell splitting and increasing complexity of frequencyinterference management to accommodate additional capacity. For many cellularservice providers, this tradeoff has reached its limit, and they are unable to addmore cells for system capacity.

Cellular providers are not alone in needing to address capacity concerns.Additional spectrum capacity is being made available for new PersonalCommunications Services (PCS) in the 2 GHz radio spectrum. PCS will requireadvanced digital technology to integrate Intelligent Network Services with wirelesssystems. In both Cellular and PCS markets, data applications are becomingincreasingly important, further straining system capacity. In many nations, serviceproviders are turning to Wireless Subscriber Systems as the best way to provide

1 Figures given are for the U.S. cellular market. Source: Cellular Business Magazine

xx Issue 3



401-614-010

basic local telephone service. All of these new services will need to implement themost efficient technology available today, so that they may gain the maximumreturn on their investment, and not be limited by capacity.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the air interface standard that changesthe paradigm for providing wireless communications. Rather than divide calls intofrequency or time slots, CDMA utilizes a revolutionary approach known as directsequence spread spectrum. Information, which can be voice or data, is encodedin packets which are spread over a wide frequency spectrum. This packetizedapproach allows much more information to be transmitted per unit of bandwidththan with any other technology. The encoded information also provides a greaterlevel of security than other air interface standards.

CDMA’s spread spectrum technology also provides significant qualityimprovements. Using advanced encoding algorithms. CDMA can provide callquality comparable to “toll quality” standards. CDMA also reduces noise andmuting caused by other systems by using a unique soft handoff capability. This isespecially important to providers of packet data networks.

Lucent Technologies, as a leading provider of superior telecommunicationsequipment, is at the forefront of implementing CDMA technology in both theUnited States and the global cellular market.

The CDMA Product Overview takes you on an introductory tour of LucentTechnologies CDMA technology. This document describes the attributes andadvantages of CDMA, discusses CDMA components and functions, and showsyou how to implement CDMA with Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System1000.

Purpose

The Cellular CDMA Product Overview document provides a high-level descriptionof the CDMA system. This guide

■ explains how CDMA works, compares it to other air interfaces, andexplains how it is integrated with AUTOPLEX 1000 systems

■ describes the benefits of CDMA for the service providers and subscribers

■ lists the major components of CDMA and explains their functionality

■ describes CDMA features

■ describes how a CDMA system performs call processing and call hand-offs

■ provides capacity information and physical and environmental require-ments for adding CDMA to your cellular site

Issue 3 xxi



This document is for planning purposes only and is not intended to modify orsupplement any specifications or warranties relating to Lucent Technologiesproducts or services.

Intended Audience

This document is intended for everyone interested in the AUTOPLEX System1000 and CDMA — both technical and non-technical users — who need ahigh-level understanding of CDMA. It is written for cellular operators who want aquick overview of the CDMA system.

Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge

To be used effectively, this document requires only a general understanding ofwireless telecommunications technology.

Reason for Reissue

This reissue provides up-to-date information about the Lucent Technologies’Cellular CDMA products.

How to Use This Document

The Cellular CDMA Product Overview consists of the following chapters:

■ Chapter 1, “What is CDMA?”

■ Chapter 2, “CDMA Benefits”

■ Chapter 3, “Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA Over-view”

■ Chapter 4, “Lucent Technologies CDMA Products”

■ Chapter 5, “Cellular CDMA Minicell”

■ Chapter 6, “Lucent Technologies CDMA System Features”

■ Chapter 7, “Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing”

■ Chapter 8, “Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular Switch”

■ Chapter 9, “Lucent Technologies Executive Cellular Processor Complex”

■ Chapter 10, “Operations, Administration and Maintenance”

xxii Issue 3



401-614-010

■ Chapter 11, “Wireless Professional Services”

■ Appendix A, “CDMA System Capacity and Specifications”

Chapters 1 through 3 are for users who need only a general overview of CDMA.The chapters describe what CDMA is, explain the advantages of adding CDMA toyour existing system, and give a high-level overview of the entire CDMA product.

Chapters 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10 are helpful for those users who need a more thoroughunderstanding of the hardware and software required to support CDMA onAUTOPLEX systems.

Chapter 6 describes the features that are currently available for the CDMAproduct and highlights those that will be available in the near future. Thisinformation will prove useful to sales personnel and system planners.

Chapter 7 explains the call processing functions of the CDMA system, focusing onthe benefits of soft and softer handoffs, which are unique CDMA capabilities.

Chapter 11 gives a brief overview of professional services available throughLucent Technologies to aid you in designing, installing and maintaining yourCDMA system.

Appendix A covers the system capacity and reliability information for CDMA andreferences documents containing the physical and environmental requirementsnecessary for adding CDMA to your current system. This appendix is useful forsystem planners, as well as for system engineers and installers.

How to Obtain More InformationAbout the Lucent Technologies’CDMA Product

If you have questions about the Lucent Technologies’ CDMA product, contact yourLucent Technologies Account Executive.

Issue 3 xxiii



How to Find Information on RelatedCustomer Documentation

This document can be ordered by mail using the following address:

Howard Press1026 W. Elizabeth Ave.Linden, NJ 07036U.S.A.

This document can also be ordered by phone using the following numbers:

Within the United States:

Voice: 1-800-458-1761FAX: (908) 862-6722

Locations outside of the United States:

Voice: (908) 523-0526FAX: (908) 862-6722

How to Find Information on RelatedCustomer Training

Lucent Technologies provides CDMA training courses. For a complete descriptionof courses, see the Lucent Technologies Product Training Catalog.

To order current catalogs from any location worldwide, call (International AccessCode) 1-614-764-5274 or 1-614-764-5539.

To register for training or to inquire about training schedules and catalogs, call theappropriate telephone number from the following list:

■ From within the United States: 1-800-228-0710.

■ From locations outside the United States: (303) 889-0202.

xxiv Issue 3



401-614-010

How to Submit Comments About ThisDocument

We at Lucent Technologies have tried to make this document fit your needs, andwe are interested in your suggestions for improving this document. You cansubmit comments by filling out the comment card at the end of this document orsend the name of this document and your comments to:

Lucent Technologies1000 E. Warrenville RoadNaperville, Illinois 60566U.S.A.

Attn: Technical Publications — Room 1A-410

Contents

Issue 3 1-i



1What is CDMA?

Common Access Techniques 1-1

Code Division Multiple Access 1-2

■ CDMA — An Analogy 1-2■ Calls Processed by Digital Codes 1-3

Radio Frequency Spectrum 1-4

■ Spread-Spectrum Technology 1-4■ Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum 1-4

Applications for the Cellular Market 1-5

1-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 1-1



1What is CDMA?

Common Access Techniques

Wireless communications systems use several different common accesstechniques. The principle common access techniques include the following:

■ Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

■ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

■ Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

■ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

FDMA uses narrowband channels of spectrum, each carrying one telephonecircuit, in a system where any mobile can access any one of the frequencies.Existing analog cellular systems use FDMA.

TDMA divides each carrier frequency into a number of time slots, each of whichconstitutes an independent telephone circuit. The Telecommunications IndustriesAssociation (TIA) endorsed TDMA in 1990, and some North American digitalcellular systems use TDMA.

GSM is similar to TDMA in that it divides each carrier frequency into a number oftime slots; however, GSM has wider carrier frequencies and more time slots thanTDMA. GSM is used widely in Europe as its primary standard for wirelesscommunications systems.

1-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

CDMA uses a very wide frequency spectrum, but rather than using time orfrequency to divide calls, CDMA fills the entire spectrum with coded packets.Unique codes allow the receiving terminal to receive only packets intended for it.Once the packets arrive at the receiving terminal, they are reassembled into theiroriginal voice or data form. This technique provides far greater capacity thanFDMA, TDMA, or GSM.

Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA technology is the next generation of digital wireless technology. CDMAincreases the capacity of current analog cellular networks by as much as tenfold.It also provides new revenue-producing user applications, and greatly improvesthe quality of service. CDMA is based on the principle that each subscriber isassigned a unique code that is used by the system to distinguish that user from allother users transmitting simultaneously over the same frequency band.

CDMA uses the direct sequence spread-spectrum and packet switching as itscommunications architecture. Radio channel capacity is 1.25 Megahertz (MHz)per CDMA carrier, as opposed to 30 kilohertz (kHz) for analog Advanced MobilePhone Service (AMPS) systems and TDMA digital AMPS, and 200 kHz for GSM.

CDMA — An Analogy

It is helpful to use an analogy to explain CDMA technology.

Four speakers are simultaneously giving a presentation, and they each speak adifferent native language: Spanish, Korean, English, and Chinese. You are in theaudience, and English is your native language. You only understand the words ofthe English speaker and tune out the Spanish, Korean, and Chinese speakers.You hear only what you know and recognize.

Issue 3 1-3



What is CDMA?

Figure 1-1. A CDMA Analogy

The same is true for CDMA. Multiple users share the same frequency band at thesame time, yet each user only hears his or her own conversation. Eachconversation is specially encoded and decoded for each particular user.

Calls Processed by Digital Codes

When you make a mobile phone call using CDMA technology, the sound of yourvoice is converted into digital code. This digital signal is first “correlated” with anoise-like code known as Pseudo-Noise (PN) code. The correlator yields anencrypted digital representation of the original signal. This encrypted signal isthen modulated, and spread over a very wide frequency spectrum (1.25 MHz).

At the receiving terminal, the signal is “demodulated” back to a narrow bandwidth,and then fed into a decorrelator. This decorrelator uses its unique PN code toextract only the information intended for it.

A signal correlated with a given PN code and decorrelated with the same PN codereturns the original signal. Decorrelating the signal with the wrong PN code wouldresult in pure noise, containing no discernible information or sound. Therandomness of the “mix” of signals contained in the CDMA wideband channel ispreserved. Only the correct PN key will extract the correct set of data packets,which when reassembled yield a precise reconstruction of the one originaltransmission.

.

Annyenghasip.nikka!How are you?

¿Cómo estánustedes?ni hao!˘˘

1-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Radio Frequency Spectrum

Spectrum is a range of frequencies available for radio transmission and reception.In the United States, the FCC sets aside portions of the spectrum for cellularservice.

CDMA uses a 1.25 MHz-wide block of Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum for eachradio channel. Each CDMA radio channel can support approximately 60simultaneous 8 Kilobits (Kbps) vocoder conversations in a three-sector cell, or 48voice conversations per 1 MHz of RF. This is a significant improvement overAMPS, which supports 4.56 voice calls per MHz, and GSM, which supports 10calls per MHz.

Another improvement of CDMA over the other common access techniques is inthe frequency reuse factor. The frequency reuse factor represents the number ofcells separating two cells that are transmitting/receiving over the same frequency.For AMPS, TDMA, and GSM, the frequency reuse factor is typically 7 cells. ForCDMA, however, every cell in every sector can use the same frequency, whichmeans the reuse factor for CDMA is 1 cell. This type of spectrum reuse offers adramatic improvement in capacity over the other common access techniques.

In addition to the increased capacity, the CDMA reuse factor of 1 greatly simplifiesthe frequency planning, which can be a significant expense with other systems.Costs for sites, facilities and hardware are also reduced because the number ofcell sites required for CDMA is often 50% less than the other systems.

Spread-Spectrum Technology

Spread-spectrum transmission is a way of organizing the distribution of radiofrequency energy over a range of frequencies. A narrow band of radio energycontaining the information from one conversation or data transmission ismodulated over a much wider segment of the radio spectrum.

The first experiments with coded spread-spectrum techniques date back to theUnited States in the 1920s when engineers developed ways of encryptingsensitive military information.

Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum

The Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA offering is based onthe concept of Direct Sequence (DS) spread-spectrum. DS refers to informationthat is coded, and then multiplexed with many other information streams.Whatmakes DS spread-spectrum so remarkable is that a Phase Shift Keying (PSK)carrier supports many voice channels simultaneously. All of the voices, all of theconversations, and all data transmissions are transmitted over one carrier. The

Issue 3 1-5



What is CDMA?

encoded bits of voice and data are identified by the PN code unique to the mobileterminal. A given conversation can only be extracted from the stream of packetscontaining all of the other conversations (or “white noise”) by using the PN codeunique to that conversation.

Applications for the Cellular Market

CDMA has wide applications for the cellular market1. CDMA provides

■ An easy and economical transition to digital cellular from existingAUTOPLEX System 1000 technology.

■ Greater coverage with fewer cells. This makes CDMA ideal for in-buildingtransmissions, such as office complexes and airport, and building new net-works.

■ Enhanced voice and data services’ quality due to greater resistance topropagation fading, through soft handoffs, and the use of the 13 Kbpsvocoder and the 14.4 Kbps data channels.

■ A robust suite of features and functions that gives the ability to effectivelycompete and/or partner with PCS providers both locally and nationally.

■ A powerful technology platform for Personal Communications Services(PCS). In the future, CDMA will interact with the Lucent Technologies Intel-ligent Network to deliver advanced user features.

■ An interface with Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) platforms in thefuture for high-speed packet switching. This enables your system to havesoft handoffs between the MSCs in your system. In the future, this couldenable your system to carry video, interactive multimedia, and electronicmail traffic.

1 Comparisons based on a standard analog system versus CDMA.

1-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 2-i



2CDMA Benefits

Benefits of the Lucent Technologies Digital CellularExperience 2-1

■ Traditional Cell Growth 2-1

Benefits of CDMA to End User Customers 2-4

Benefits of CDMA to Service Providers 2-5

■ Lucent Technologies Supports Industry Standards 2-6■ Lucent Technologies is a Leader in the Industry 2-6

2-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 2-1



2CDMA Benefits

Benefits of the Lucent TechnologiesDigital Cellular Experience

The key to success in wireless networks is the ability to expand capacity andmaintain quality, while lowering the cost per radio channel.

Already a major player in the digital cellular market, Lucent Technologies hasbeen involved in TDMA technology since the 1990 field trials in Chicago, andunderstands the capacity benefits and the need for superior voice quality thatdigital communications provides. Lucent Technologies has a proven LinearAmplifier technology product, and has also been involved in bringing digitalcellular technology to the international market with our Lucent Technologies GSMSystem product lines.

Lucent Technologies also brings valuable knowledge to digital cellular services.We have already successfully integrated digital technology with our existingAMPS technology. Lucent Technologies has experienced and knowledgeableengineers and technicians who are trained and ready to help you make a smoothtransition from analog to digital services.

Traditional Cell Growth

A cell is defined as a geographical region where calls are served by a cell site thatcontains the radio and control equipment necessary for processing andcompleting the voice paths of mobile subscribers within that region.

2-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Prior to the introduction of CDMA technology, a cell was split or another cell addedto increase system capacity. For example, in a metropolitan area, a system maystart up with 14 cells as in Figure 2-1 on page 2-2.

Figure 2-1. 14 Cell System

As the number of subscribers grows, new cells need to be added. See Figure 2-2on page 2-2.

Figure 2-2. Cellular Growth

Initial

Layout

g

f

d

e

a

c

g

e

b

c

g

e

b

a

Add or Split 3

New Cells to High

Traffic Area

g

f

d

e

a

c

g

e

b

c

g

e

b

a

e

ga

Issue 3 2-3



CDMA Benefits

As the number of subscribers continues to grow, more cells need to be added, orexisting cells split to increase system capacity. See Figure 2-3 on page 2-3.

Figure 2-3. Additional Cellular Growth

With the traditional method of growing and splitting cells, you could encounterproblems and limitations as you try to grow your system. For example:

■ It is very costly to split cells and add new equipment. New site acquisitioncould be difficult, and real estate costs could be high in congested areas.

■ Interference is difficult to manage when the radius of a cell is less than onemile. The more cells that are added, or the more cell splitting that occurs,the more difficult it is to manage channel interference. With analog andTDMA systems you have to restructure frequency plans every time you addor split a cell. This is not necessary with CDMA.

■ It is difficult to place cell sites where they would best relieve traffic. Possibleenvironmental and zoning restrictions may impact the placement of yourcell site equipment.

■ The more cells are split or grown, the more frequent handoffs become. Thisgreatly increases the load on a system. See Chapter 7, “LucentTechnologies CDMA Call Processing,” for an explanation of handoffs.

CDMA DS-spread spectrum technology allows you to reuse the same block ofradio frequency spectrum in every cell. Additional cells may be needed throughcell splitting; however, the need for cell splitting will be far less than an AMPSsystem. In addition, Radio Frequency (RF) planning is greatly simplified with aCDMA system because of the reuse factor of 1.

Add 5 More Cells toHigh Traffic Area

g

f

d

e

a

c

g

e

b

c

g

e

b

a

e

ga

bd

c bc

2-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Benefits of CDMA to End UserCustomers

Lucent Technologies CDMA technology provides the following benefits1 to enduser customers:

■ Improved privacy—CDMA provides built-in privacy on every call throughthe use of PN codes.

■ Excellent voice quality—Voice quality and clarity improve when speech isconverted into digital signals by a vocoder. A recent study2 showed thatvoice quality using a 13 Kbps vocoder was considered comparable tolandline quality by test subjects. See Chapter 8, “Lucent Technologies5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular Switch (DCS),” for more information aboutvocoder technology.

■ Soft handoffs improve call quality—Soft handoffs mean that there is nodegradation in call quality when moving from one cell site to anotherbecause a call can be “live” on up to 3 cells. Soft handoffs also makeseamless data transmission possible.

■ Longer battery life for mobile phone units—Digital mobile units requiresignificantly less RF power, so the battery life of the mobile unit is greatlyincreased. For example, a CDMA mobile unit can be used for 4-5 hours intalk mode3 compared to the 1-1.5 hours for an analog mobile unit.

■ Packetized structure easily supports simultaneous voice and data—Packetswitching allows the interleaving of voice and data signals. Encodedinformation can be segmented into information packets that can be storedor transmitted piecemeal over the network to best use the total availablebandwidth.

■ Increased system capacity—The 10-to-1 increase in system capacitymeans there will be faster and easier access to the cellular network withfewer dropped or blocked calls.

1 Comparisons based on a standard analog system versus CDMA.2 The CDMA Code Assessment study conducted by AT&T Bell Laboratories in August 1995.3 Total conversation time dependent on dynamic power control, slotted paging settings,

(sleep-mode) and type of battery.

Issue 3 2-5



CDMA Benefits

Benefits of CDMA to Service Providers

Lucent Technologies CDMA technology provides the following benefits4 to serviceproviders:

■ Increased system capacity—CDMA technology greatly increases thecapacity of your system. This is done by assigning unique, secure codes toeach cellular transmission, allowing numerous phone calls to besimultaneously transmitted on one radio frequency.

See Appendix A, “CDMA System Capacity and Specifications,” for a tablethat compares the capacity of CDMA to AMPS, TDMA, and GSM.

■ Simplified frequency reuse—The “N=1” frequency reuse pattern reducesthe need for frequency engineering while growing or modifying yournetwork.

■ Broader coverage — CDMA has a better processing gain than timedivision-based systems such as TDMA and GSM, which enables CDMAsystems to have larger cell radii. Therefore, CDMA systems require fewerminicells than an equivalent time-division based systems (e.g. undersimilar design assumptions).

■ Improved interference immunity—CDMA is not adversely affected bymultipath reflections of Radio Frequency (RF) signals.

■ Lower RF power requirements (at the cell site)—CDMA requires lower RFpower to transmit the same distances as AMPS and TDMA, whichtranslates to longer terminal battery life.

■ Soft handoffs—Soft handoff is an exclusive feature of CDMA. This featurepermits a call to be live on more than one sector (or cell) at the same timewhile traveling through handoff zones. Soft handoffs improve call qualityand data transmission. See Chapter 7, “Lucent Technologies CDMA CallProcessing,” for more information about soft handoffs.

■ Variable rate/multi-mode speech coding—Variable rate speech codingallows voice to be coded at a higher rate when speech is present and atlower rates when a party is listening or pausing in conversation. Multi-modespeech coding provides the additional flexibility of setting the averagespeech coding rate. These types of coding minimize power and increasecapacity. They also enable efficient mixing of voice and data.

■ Packetized communications structure—Packets are well-suited to datatransmission and services. By moving speech processing to the MobileSwitching Center (MSC) and implementing packet pipes, facility costs arelowered because more calls can be handled over packet pipes thanstandard trunks.

4 Comparisons based on a standard analog system versus CDMA.

2-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

The packet switching function in the 5ESS-2000 Switch Digital CellularSwitch (DCS) is also essential for implementing the soft handoff feature.

■ Reduced costs—The spectrum efficiencies associated with CDMA reducethe total life cycle cost of your system. Fewer cells are required to covergeographical areas.

■ Investment protection—Your investment in existing hardware and softwareis protected because CDMA integrates with your current AUTOPLEXSystem 1000. The skill set of OA&M technicians is protected and extendedwith the minimal additional training required for CDMA technology.

■ Powerful technology platform for PCS—CDMA provides a powerfulplatform onto which PCS can be added for revenue expansion within aservice provider’s area.

■ Flexible Cell Site Offerings—A variety of cell site offerings provide you withlow-cost hardware entries into wireless telecommunications equipment,such as the CDMA Minicell. See Chapter 4, “Lucent Technologies CDMAProducts,” for more information on the available cell site offerings.

■ Compatibility—CDMA allows for interoperability between 850 MHz and1.9 GHz markets.

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS—The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS provides switchingcapabilities for both landline and cellular network systems simultaneously.In addition, the international version of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCSperforms as the switching platform for international CDMA networks at 850MHz and 1.9 GHz.

Lucent Technologies Supports IndustryStandards

Lucent Technologies has been deeply involved in the definition and developmentof CDMA industry standards. Lucent Technologies actively participates instandards defining bodies such as the TIA, TR45.5, and the CDMA DevelopmentGroup (CDG). In addition, Lucent Technologies is involved with government andregulatory agency standards.

Lucent Technologies is a Leader in the Industry

Lucent Technologies is working from a position of strength and visibility in theCDMA industry:

■ Lucent Technologies has been over-the-air with CDMA since 1993. Webegan conducting trials at customer sites in 1994.

■ Lucent Technologies holds dozens of patents related to CDMA technology.

Issue 3 2-7



CDMA Benefits

■ Lucent Technologies participates in and plays a leadership role in severalCDMA industry associations, for example, the CDMA Development Group(CDG). The CDG is made up of approximately 45 companies workingtogether to define a consistent set of technical requirements for CDMAfeatures to expedite the introduction of services to North Americanconsumers. The CDG is developing a set of open standards, and isworking to ensure complete interoperability among CDMA systems anddigital cellular phones.

— Examples of feature definitions that the CDG has provided include:Voice Mail Alert, Caller ID, Short Messaging Service, Sleep Mode,and Subscriber Access Control.

— Examples of feature definitions currently being worked by the CDGinclude: Smart Card, Enhanced Roaming, and Voice ActivatedDialing.

■ Lucent Technologies leads in implementing industry-standard networkingand data features.

■ Lucent Technologies has made a commitment that all of its equipment willconform to industry standards.

■ Lucent Technologies introduced the first commercially available 13 Kbpsvocoder. This vocoder provides the highest quality voice system currentlyavailable on the market.

■ Lucent Technologies has provided the core algorithm for the EnhancedVariable Rate Vocoder (EVRC). This algorithm is expected to be adoptedby the TR45.5. subcommittee in the second quarter of 1996.

2-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 3-i



3Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 CDMA Overview

Description of the Lucent Technologies CDMAProduct Offering 3-1

■ Standard and Optional CDMA Features 3-2

CDMA Components 3-2

■ Series II Cell Site Product Family 3-3■ ECPC 3-3■ DCS 3-3

How CDMA Works 3-3

■ How CDMA Works with AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 3-4

Modification of AUTOPLEX System 1000 Components 3-4

Advantages of the Lucent Technologies CDMAProduct 3-5

Transitioning Considerations 3-5

■ Upgrading Your System While Protecting Your Investment 3-6■ Analog to CDMA Conversion 3-6

3-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 3-1



3Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 CDMA Overview

Description of the LucentTechnologies CDMA Product Offering

The Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA system is built on thecurrent AUTOPLEX System 1000 platform, consisting of the Series II cell siteproduct line, the 5ESS®-2000 Switch Digital Cellular Switch (DCS), and theExecutive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC). This design was chosen tomaximize performance and protect your investment in your current cellularequipment. In addition, the design will interwork with existing AUTOPLEX CellularDigital Packet Data (CDPD) systems.

Lucent Technologies’ first commercial AUTOPLEX cellular telephone system wasintroduced in 1983. A single AUTOPLEX System consists of a digital switch thatroutes calls from one user to another, and a network control module (ECPC) thatoversees the comings and goings of all calls within an area. Each ECPC canhandle up to 500,000 subscribers1.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a digital cellular air interface andnetworking standard based on the principle of spread-spectrum techniques, whichallow multiple users to access the system simultaneously on the same carrierfrequency.

1 System performance will vary, subject to specified calling patterns and systemconfigurations. This figure represents the upper limit of the combined capacity of theHome Location Register and Visitor Location Register.

3-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Standard and Optional CDMA Features

The Lucent Technologies CDMA service offering consists of standard callprocessing functions such as call origination, call termination, and call release.Dynamic power control, full inter-MSC and intra-MSC soft handoffs, and CDMA-to-analog handoffs are also supported.

There are also many optional features that are available for CDMA. For moreinformation on standard and optional features, see Chapter 6, “LucentTechnologies CDMA System Features.”

CDMA Components

The main components of the Lucent Technologies CDMA product offering are asfollows:

■ Series II cell site product family — including the Series II Growth Frame,the Universal Fiber Microcell, the Cellular CDMA Minicell, and the CDMAMinicell Growth Cabinet

■ The ECPC, which includes the Operations and Management Platform(OMP)

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS

Figure 3-1. AUTOPLEX System 1000 Main Components for CDMA

Voice TrunksControl Data Links

ECPComplex

CellSite

PSTN 5ESS-2000Switch

CellSite

MSC

Issue 3 3-3



Lucent Technologies AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA

Series II Cell Site Product Family

CDMA is available on the AUTOPLEX Series II cell site platform, as well as theCellular CDMA Minicell. The cell site is the system component that provides thebasic interface between the cellular system Mobile Switching Center (MSC) andan end user’s mobile phone unit.

See Chapter 4, “Lucent Technologies CDMA Products,” for more information onLucent Technologies cell site hardware.

ECPC

The Executive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC) is the system componentresponsible for mobility management, call processing, system maintenance,system integrity, Home Location Register (HLR), and Visitor Location Register(VLR) information. The MSC performs the call processing functions for thesystem. It also is responsible for feature controls, system management functions,and networking and transmission interfaces.

See Chapter 9, “Lucent Technologies Executive Cellular Processor Complex,” formore information about the Lucent Technologies ECPC switch product.

DCS

The 5ESS-2000 Switch Digital Cellular Switch (DCS) is a high capacity digitalswitch that provides switching functionality and voice connectivity to the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN). The 5ESS-2000 DCS has components foradministering and maintaining your CDMA system, and provides networkmanagement and traffic measurement data.

See Chapter 8, “Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular Switch(DCS),” for more information on the DCS and its components and functionality.

How CDMA Works

In the AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA cellular system, digital voice frames frommobile phones are frame relayed to the MSC for speech processing. Frame relayis a method of packet switching capable of transporting voice and data and isused to transport speech between the radio unit at the cell site and the speechhandler in the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS.

3-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

The frame relay function, which is performed by the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS, isthe “front-end” to the traditional 64 Kbps circuit switched domain of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS. The speech frames from the mobile phone units are relayedbetween the cell sites and the MSC in a packetized voice format using a standardprotocol. These speech frames to and from the cellular phone unit are encodedspeech to reduce the digital rate requirements of the speech transmission on thecell site to the MSC link. These frames are sent, in encoded format, to the MSCfor further processing. At the MSC, the voice frame is decoded into 64 Kbps PulseCode Modulation (PCM) voice and then passed to the Public Switched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN) through the traditional 5ESS-2000 Switch circuit-switching fabric.Call set-up and call release are capable of being performed over the same DS1signaling link that carries TDMA and analog traffic.

In addition to the encoded voice information in the CDMA frames, CDMA signalinginformation for power control is also sent between the cell site and the cellularphone unit. At the cell site, the CDMA voice and signaling packets are transportedto the MSC through a packet pipe. See Chapter 8, “Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular Switch (DCS),” for more information on frame relay andpacket pipes. See Chapter 7, “Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing,” formore information on how actual phone calls are processed in CDMA.

How CDMA Works with AUTOPLEXSystem 1000

CDMA is easily integrated with the AUTOPLEX System 1000. CDMA interfaceswith the same three major components that comprise the current analogAUTOPLEX System 1000 product: the Series II cell site, the 5ESS-2000 SwitchDCS, and the Executive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC).

Modification of AUTOPLEX System 1000Components

The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS and the Series II cell site components requireadditional hardware and software for CDMA implementation, and the ECPCrequires software changes. The changes to these components are discussed indetail in Chapters 4, 8, and 9. The CDMA application can coexist in anAUTOPLEX System 1000 also serving analog and/or TDMA access technologies.

Issue 3 3-5




Advantages of the LucentTechnologies CDMA Product

The Lucent Technologies CDMA product has many advantages:

■ The Lucent Technologies CDMA system uses the most advanced network-ing technologies currently available.

The system uses packet switching for intersystem networking. In CDMARelease 3.0, ATM connections for intersystem networking will be added.This enables CDMA transmission and soft handoff across wide geographicareas. The system interacts with the Intelligent Network for advanced userfeatures. Soft handoffs will be available across the entire network, makingthe Lucent Technologies product one of the best for voice quality andclarity.

■ Approximately 3.5-to-1 facilities concentration with an 8 Kbps vocoder and2.5-to-1 facilities concentration with a 13 Kbps vocoder.

The Lucent Technologies system can handle up to 84 conversations perDS-1 on an 8 Kbps vocoder and 60 conversations per DS1 on a 13 Kbpsvocoder. (A DS-1 is a facility that supports the 24/30 DS0 channels on aT1/E1.) Multiple technologies can be mixed on that same DS-1, includinganalog, TDMA, CDMA, and CDPD.

■ The Lucent Technologies CDMA product easily integrates into the Series IIcell site product family

Thousands of Series II cell sites are already deployed throughout theworld. CDMA is compatible with all of these and will fit in with your existingequipment. Transmit and receive switching enables sharing of CDMAChannel Elements (CEs) across multiple cell sectors.

■ Packet switching platform supports future enhancements

Packet switching enables the integration of voice, data, FAX, image, andvideo.

Transitioning Considerations

When transitioning from analog to CDMA, there are equipment upgrades toconsider, as well as configuration changes, that will enable you to make full use ofthe available spectrum.

3-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Upgrading Your System While Protecting YourInvestment

Although CDMA builds on your existing AUTOPLEX System 1000 equipment,there are some new hardware and software requirements; however the benefitsfrom the gains in system capacity far outweigh the initial cost of equipmentupgrades.

There is new CDMA speech processing equipment and software required at the5ESS®-2000 switch, new software at the ECP to perform call processingfunctions, and new CDMA radio equipment required at the cell site. (Adding theCDMA equipment at the cell site will not affect the operation of existing analog.)

Analog to CDMA Conversion

CDMA carriers require 41 channels in the cellular band, which is equivalent to1.23 MHz of spectrum. However, to add CDMA to an existing analog system,additional channels are needed to establish guard bands on both sides of theCDMA carrier. A guard band is 9 contiguous channels (.27 MHz of spectrum)where bandwidth has been cleared to prevent adjacent channel interferencebetween CDMA and analog/TDMA calls. Therefore, to add one CDMA carrier toan existing analog system, you need 59 channels or 1.77 MHz of spectrum. SeeFigure 3-2 on page 3-6.

Figure 3-2. Comparison of Spectrum/Analog Channel Use for One CDMA Carrier

Once you have guard bands established, you can add additional CDMA carrierswithout adding more guard bands. Therefore, additional CDMA carriers wouldonly require 41 channels or 1.23 MHz of spectrum. See Figure 3-3 on page 3-7.

1.23 MHz .27 MHz.27 MHz

CDMA Carrier SpectrumGuardBand

GuardBand

41channels

9channels

Width inMHz

AnalogChannelEquivalent

9channels

Issue 3 3-7




Figure 3-3. Two CDMA Carriers with Guard Bands

The potential gain in total system capacity resulting from the addition of oneCDMA carrier is over two hundred percent, while only losing twenty percent ofanalog capacity on your system. To realize such a large gain however,approximately sixty-five percent of the traffic on your system must come from dualmode (analog/digital) mobile phone units.

To maximize use of the available spectrum, you need to provide for a mix ofanalog and digital signals according to your system traffic requirements.

SpectrumGuardBand

GuardBand CDMA Carrier CDMA Carrier

3-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 4-i

PROPRIETARYSee notice on first page


4Lucent Technologies CDMAProducts

Description of AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMAProducts 4-1

■ Series II Cell Site and CDMA Growth Frame 4-1■ Universal Fiber Microcell 4-2■ Cellular CDMA Minicell 4-3■ Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet 4-3

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Overview 4-4

New Equipment for CDMA Configuration 4-5

■ Series II Growth Radio Channel Frame 4-5■ CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) 4-5■ CDMA Channel Units (CCUs) 4-6■ Channel Elements (CEs) 4-6■ BCR/BIU/ACU (BBA Trio) 4-7■ Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) Board 4-7■ Reference Frequency and Timing Generator (RFTG) 4-7

GPS Support by the United States Government 4-9For Further Information 4-9

4-ii Issue 3

PROPRIETARYSee notice on first page


401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 4-1



4Lucent Technologies CDMA Products

Description of AUTOPLEX System1000 CDMA Products

The products of the AUTOPLEX System 1000 product family that support CDMAinclude the Series II Growth Frame, the Universal Fiber Microcell, and the CellularCDMA Minicell and the Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet.

Series II Cell Site and CDMA Growth Frame

The Series II cell site is the AUTOPLEX cellular system module that provides thebasic interface between the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and an end user’smobile unit. The Series II cell site architecture is designed for reliability becauseany component failure that can bring down more than half of the CDMA capacityhas optional standby hardware to replace it. This redundancy ensures that even ifthere is a critical component failure, calls can still be processed.

The CDMA Growth Frame is designed to allow a Series II cell site to be upgradedto accommodate CDMA services (see Figure 4-1 on page 4-2). This frame usesthe existing Series II Amplifier and Antenna Interface Frames (AIF). The GrowthFrame can support up to six shelves of equipment consisting of the CDMA RadioCircuit Pack (RCR, BIU and ACU), as well as the CDMA Channel Element boards.Up to two growth frames can be installed in a Series II cell site.

4-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Figure 4-1. Series II Cell Site with Growth Frame

The Series II cell site will be capable of supporting up to a maximum of 768 CDMAchannel elements. (Channel Elements (CEs) are explained later in this chapter.)Based on current spectral limitations, the maximum usable channel elements isapproximately 288.

For further information on the Series II Cell Site products, see the AUTOPLEX

Cellular Telecommunications Systems System 1000 Series II Cell SiteDescription, Operation, and Maintenance manual (401-660-100).

Universal Fiber Microcell

The Lucent Technologies Universal Fiber Microcell transports Radio Frequency(RF) signals between a host cell site and a remote antenna. The LucentTechnologies Universal Fiber Microcell is a compact, fiber-optic based, low-powerRF system with multiple remote RF radiators, each providing coverage of up toapproximately 3,280 feet (1 kilometer) in radius. The Microcell attaches to a hostcell to give improved coverage and/or capacity. The OA&M system of thisMicrocell is a self-contained system that is completely independent of the hostbase station. It provides both centralized and localized OA&M capabilities suitablefor an operation center and/or technicians working with a Universal Fiber Microcellsystem in the field.

OMP

5ESS®-2000 Switch

T1/E1 andFrame Relay

PRCF = Primary Radio Channel Frame

LAF = Linear Amplifier Frame

AIF = Antenna Interface Frame

OMP = Operations Management Platform

Existing AUTOPLEX® System1000 Series II Cell Site

LAF AIFGrowthFrame

PRCF

MinicellCellular CDMA

ECP

Mobile Switching Center

Issue 3 4-3



Lucent Technologies CDMA Products

The Universal Fiber Microcell is composed of an Optical Interface Frame (OIF)and Lightwave Microcell Transceiver (LMT). An OIF contains equipment to providethe optical-electrical interface between the Radio Channel Frame (RCF) and thefiber that delivers signals to and from the LMT. The LMT contains optical toelectrical conversion equipment and a low-power antenna system for localized RFsignal transmission and reception.

Cellular CDMA Minicell

The Lucent Technologies Cellular CDMA Minicell product is based on existingAUTOPLEX System 1000 Series II cell site products and operates in the cellularfrequency (800 MHz). The Cellular CDMA Minicell is a CDMA-only based smallcell site. It contains a Series II cell controller, digital radio shelves, amplifying, andfiltering equipment for each cell sector. Each CDMA Minicell cabinet can supportup to 96 channel elements when equipped with 8CE/CCUs, which will be availablein 1997.

The Cellular CDMA Minicell is packaged in an environmentally hardenedenclosure so that it can be mounted on a roof top, at street level, or indoors. It isbest suited for rural and high-density urban settings where a reduced footprint andoutdoor option add flexibility to the network design.

Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet

The Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet will work with the Cellular CDMAMinicell, and in the future will work with the Series IIm and Series IImm cells. Ituses the Radio Control Complex (RCC) and the filters and receive amplifiers fromthe main (primary) cabinet of Cellular CDMA Minicell to which it is attached. Likethe Cellular CDMA Minicell, the Growth Cabinet operates at the cellular frequency(800 MHz). It is externally powered and is available in indoor and outdoorversions. The Growth Cabinet supports three CDMA carriers, one per sector withup to three sectors, or a single omni with up to three CDMA carriers.

In addition, the CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet could be used in conjunction withan existing Series II cell as a growth cabinet, using the Series II RCC and PrimaryFrame as the controller. The Minicell Growth Cabinet may share RF receive andtransmit resources (antennas, filters, and amplifiers) with the Series II byconnecting directly to the Linear Amplifier Combiner (LAC).

4-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)Overview

The Lucent Technologies Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is based on aninherently flexible, modular architecture that allows you to meet a wide variety ofneeds and grow to meet an expansion of subscribers and traffic.

The MSC is the main switching component of the cellular or wireless network. TheMSC is responsible for processing calls, monitoring the movement of the mobilestation, and taking the necessary action to originate and deliver calls in a mobileenvironment. It is composed of two major components: an Executive CellularProcessor Complex (ECPC) and a 5ESS®-2000 switch.

The ECPC provides system intelligence, mobility management, systemconfiguration, and feature control. One ECPC function is that of databasemanagement, including authentication of subscribers in the Home LocationRegister (HLR) and the Visitor Location Register (VLR).

The other component of the MSC is the high capacity, non-blocking, highestavailability 5ESS-2000 digital switch, which provides the switching fabricconnections to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) as well asbetween cell sites.

Wireless MSC concurrent capacities are

■ 500,000 subscribers

■ 200,000 Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) (global)

■ 222 cell sites (or 1332 sectors)

■ 15,000 trunks.

The 5ESS-2000 switch DCS is globally deployed in both landline and wirelessnetworks with over 70 million lines in 50 countries.

For further discussion of MSC components, see Chapter 8, “Lucent Technologies5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular Switch (DCS)” and Chapter 9, “Lucent TechnologiesExecutive Cellular Processor Complex.”

Issue 3 4-5




New Equipment for CDMAConfiguration

There are several additional hardware components required to upgrade yourSeries II cell site to make it compatible with CDMA. Those components aredescribed in the following sections and their location in the CDMA shelf isgraphically represented in Figure 4-2 on page 4-5.

Figure 4-2. Basic Configuration of a CDMA Series II Growth Frame Cell Site Shelf

Series II Growth Radio Channel Frame

Up to two Growth Radio Channel Frames can be added to the existing PrimaryRadio Channel Frame (P-RCF). The traditional growth frame (G-RCF) provides amaximum capacity of 72 analog channels or 108 [36 Digital Radio Units(DRUs) x 3] TDMA channels. Analog and TDMA radios can be mixed within thesame G-RCF.

The new growth frame is dedicated to CDMA channel elements only. Theseframes, known as C-RCFs, provides a maximum of 768 CDMA channel elements.Based on current spectral limitations, the maximum usable number of ChannelElements (CEs) is approximately 288.

CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC)

A CDMA radio shelf contains one or two CDMA Cluster Controllers (CCCs). SeeFigure 4-2 on page 4-5.

Po

BCR

BIU

ACUw

er

Po

BCR

ACU

BIU

SCTorDFU

wer

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCC

CCC

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

CCU

2 CCCs

7 CCUs7 CCUs

4-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

The CCC serves two major functions

■ The interface between the RCC and (up to seven) CCUs attached to aCCC.

■ The logical termination point for a packet pipe. A packet pipe can consist ofup to 8 DS0 timeslots on a T1 link and can support up to 30 simultaneous 8Kbps calls or 21 13 Kbps calls.

CDMA Channel Units (CCUs)

The CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) is the circuit board that contains ChannelElements (CEs). In the initial releases of CDMA, a CCU is configured with twoCEs (TCUs). In 1997, a high-density CCU will be provided that is configured with8 CEs. This CCU (HCU) can support either an 8 Kbps vocoder or a 13 Kbpsvocoder.

Groups of CCUs are logically connected to form a cluster, which is controlled by asingle CCC. In the CDMA G-RCF, up to seven CCU’s can be placed with each ofthe two CCCs on a shelf (see Figure 4-2 on page 4-5). In a Minicell, each shelfcontains a single CCC with four CCUs.

Channel Elements (CEs)

A Channel Element (CE) contains the necessary circuitry to perform forward link(cell site to mobile) and reverse link (mobile to cell site) CDMA spread-spectrumprocessing.

Several functions can be combined into a single CE. This combination defines aCE’s “personality.” The CE personality is downloaded from the CCC to the CEbased on a particular cell’s configuration. The Lucent Technologies CDMAarchitecture allows a minimum of CEs to be allocated and still provide all thefunctions needed for CDMA processing. A single CE can be loaded with the Pilot,Sync, and Access personality. A second CE is used for the Paging channel, andthe rest of the CEs may be dedicated as Traffic channels.

Each CE can be assigned to perform one or more of the following functions:

■ Pilot channel — used by the mobiles to identify which cell they are talkingto and to identify cells for handoffs.

■ Sync channel — provides initial time synchronization for mobiles. It workswith the pilot channel.

■ Paging channel — The paging channel is a forward link channel thattransmits control information to the mobile unit. Before a mobile receives acall, it first receives a page from the cell site on an assigned page channel.

Issue 3 4-7




■ Access channel — The access channel is the reverse link channel bywhich mobiles transmit control information to the cell site. The mobile usesthis channel when placing a call.

■ Traffic (user) channel — The traffic channel transmits speech and/or datafrom the mobile to the cell site in an uplink direction, or from the cell site tothe mobile in a downlink direction.

■ Orthogonal Channel Noise Source — simulates CDMA traffic at a specifiedlevel so that actual CDMA system capacity can be measured in the fieldwith actual background noise and other RF radiation.

BCR/BIU/ACU (BBA Trio)

The Analog Conversion Unit (ACU) digitally combines signals from the CCUs,performs D/A (Digital to Analog) conversions, and limits signals with low-passfilters. Each ACU has six analog outputs, which represent the In-phase andQuadrature-phase (I and Q) signals to each of three cell sectors.

The Baseband Combiner and Radio (BCR) combines the I and Q signals fromeach of the ACUs and (on the forward link) converts the signal to RF with an RFup-converter. In the reverse path, it receives RF signals and down-converts tobaseband.

The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) is the interface between the BCR, the ACU, and theTime Division Multiplexed (TDM) bus. It provides power conversion and alarmcontrol functions.

Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) Board

The SCT provides the accurate timing needed by CDMA. The SCT provides clockand tone capabilities, CDMA board synchronization, and a 19.6608 MHzreference clock. The SCT’s synchronization signals are derived from theReference Frequency and Timing Generator (RFTG).

Reference Frequency and Timing Generator(RFTG)

The RFTG1 is used to provide the CDMA/analog radio reference frequency, aswell as the CDMA synchronization signals. As specified in the IS-95 standards,the RFTG makes use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver tosynchronize the CDMA signals. The GPS is the United States Department of

1 The RFTG replaces the Radio Frequency Generator (RFG) and is feature transparent foranalog systems.

4-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

Defense (DOD) sponsored global satellite system used to provide accurate timeand position location. Its commercial use has rapidly grown in recent years, its usefor CDMA is just one example.

The RFTG has two integrated oscillators that are disciplined by GPS timing. Thedual oscillator architecture guarantees timing integrity within the CDMA systemshould any subsystem component fail, including the GPS receiver.

Figure 4-3. CDMA Cell Site Interface

The GPS antenna can be placed anywhere near the cell site that is appropriate forthe best reception of the required number of GPS satellites.The antenna isseparate from all other cell site antennas and is approximately one foot high. TheGPS antenna is usually mounted on the outside of a building, not on a tower. Anyobstacles blocking its view of the hemisphere could result in deterioratedperformance. See Appendix A, “CDMA System Capacity and Specifications,” forinformation on the proper GPS antenna cable length.

GPS Satellite

Mobile 1

Mobile 2

Control

SpeechPackets

MSC

Cell Site

R0R1Tx

GPS Antennaon Building

Issue 3 4-9




GPS Support by the United States Government

The United States (US) government is actively supporting use of GPS technology.There is a joint Department of Defense—Department of Transportation task forceto oversee the management of the GPS satellite system. This system is beingused increasingly by law enforcement agencies, motorists, land, sea and airtransportation and shipping industries, surveyors, and surface transit systems.

Currently there are about 10 times more civil applications than militaryapplications. The US government is committed to the GPS technology and hasagreed to give 10 years notice should it be unable to continue meeting thiscommitment.

For Further Information

For additional information on the Series II cell site, see the AUTOPLEX CellularTelecommunications Systems System 1000 Series II Cell Site Description,Operation, and Maintenance manual (401-660-100).

4-10 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 5-i



5Cellular CDMA Minicell

Introduction 5-1

Cellular Minicell Cabinets 5-2

■ Primary Cabinet Components 5-2■ Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Components 5-5■ Cellular CDMA Growth Cabinet Components 5-5■ Power System 5-5■ Cellular CDMA Minicell Key Features 5-5■ Minicell Architecture 5-7

CDMA Cluster Architecture 5-7RF Train Architecture 5-10

■ Environmental Specifications 5-11

Growth Cabinet 5-12

Cellular Minicell Antenna Interface Frame (AIF)Cabinets 5-14

■ Capacities 5-15Omni Configuration 5-153 and 6 Sector Configurations 5-16

Physical Specifications 5-17

Cellular Minicell Facility Requirements 5-17

5-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 5-1


5Cellular CDMA Minicell

Introduction

Lucent Technologies’ Cellular CDMA Minicell provides the radio access interfacesand radio resource management functions (assignment, release, handoff, etc.) for850 MHz Cellular CDMA Systems. Lucent Technologies’ Cellular CDMA Minicellproducts are based on the proven AUTOPLEX® System 1000 cell site platform for850 MHz and have been enhanced to also include

■ Environmentally hardened packaging to support start-up networks in allclimates and geographical locations

■ Modular power systems designed to allow for a variety of commercialpower solutions

This chapter provides an overview of the Cellular CDMA Minicell products(Figure 5-1 on page 5-2), which includes the

■ Minicell Primary Cabinet

■ Antenna Interface Frame (AIF)

■ Minicell Growth Cabinet

■ Power Cabinet (optional).

5-2 Issue 3


401-614-010

Figure 5-1. Cellular CDMA Minicell Products Cabinet Layout

Cellular Minicell Cabinets

The CDMA Cellular Minicell consists of two cabinets — the Primary Cabinet andthe Antenna Interface Frame (AIF). In addition, a power cabinet is available toprovide externally supplied DC power, or DC power may be provided by theservice provider. A CDMA Cellular Minicell Growth Cabinet, which will double thecapacity of the Minicell, is planned for delivery at the end of 1997.

Primary Cabinet Components

The Primary Cabinet houses these key components.

■ Radio Control Complex (RCC) — The RCC provides administration andcontrol for the entire Minicell complex. This shelf is fully duplexed to provideredundancy and to support software upgrades without disrupting service.

■ CDMA Radio Complex (CRC) — The CRC consists of the CDMA radiosand the CDMA Channel Units (CCU), as well as associated power, timingand facilities interface equipment. The CRC is composed of three shelves,each of which supports one CDMA cluster. A cluster consists of a CDMACluster Controller (CCC) and CCUs.

Growth Antenna Interface Primary Power

(Customer orLucent Technologiessupplied frame)

Issue 3 5-3



A separate cluster is required for every sector or carrier.

Each cluster supports a maximum of four CCUs, or a total of twelve CCUsin a three shelf configuration. The CCU provides Channel Elements (CEs)which carry voice and data traffic, as well as overhead functions such aspilot signal, synchronization and paging. The current model of the CCU, theTCU, provides two CEs per card, for a total of eight channels per clusterand a total of 24 channels per CRC. In 1997 a higher capacity version ofthe CCU will be available that will offer eight CEs per card, for a total of 32CEs per cluster and a total of 96 CEs per CRC.

Channel elements support both 8 Kbps and 13 Kbps vocoding.

The CRC radio is composed of three circuit packs: the Bus Interface Unit(BIU), the Baseband Combiner (BCR) and the Analog Conversion Unit(ACU). The radio processes the 1.25 MHz CDMA carrier. The cross-connected configuration allows soft handoff between sectors.

Other components of the CRC include:

— Synchronized Clock and Tone boards (SCTs) that generate theclock signals used for accurate timing required by CDMA. The SCTutilizes signals obtained from the Reference Frequency and TimingGenerator (RFTG).

— One Digital Facilities Interface (DFI) card per CRC provides dataconversion between the T1 or E1 lines and the TDM buses internalto the Minicell.

■ Transmit Power Amplifier (TPA) and Amplifier Alarms — The CDMA TPAamplifies the transmit outputs of the CRC. The outputs are connected tothe transmit antenna path via the transmit filter in the AIF, or through theoptional Cascade and Notch Transmit filters in the Primary Frame (whenthese are used). The amplifier shelf in either the Primary or Growth Framecan support up to three sectors and one carrier in a sectorizedconfiguration, or three carriers in an omni configuration.

■ Reference Frequency Timing Generator (RFTG) — The RFTG obtainsclock signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Theprecision of Minicell synchronization afforded by this timing assures thehighest level of call quality and soft handoff between cells.

■ Channel Services Unit (CSU) (optional) — The CSU supports one T1facility. For international markets, the cell may be configured with an E1facility. While three slots are provided, the cell can be configured with onlyone CSU. A fourth slot is designated for the CSU Shelf Interface Unit (SIU).

■ CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU) (optional) — In conjunction with the RadioTest Unit Switch Panel (RSP) which is located in the AIF, the CRTUprovides radio diagnostics by testing all channels.

5-4 Issue 3


401-614-010

■ B-Band Cascade and Notch Filters — The B-Band Cascade filters arerequired only in B-Band duplexed configurations. Notch filters are requiredwhere a Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) signal is nearby. Both filters arehoused in the Primary Frame.

Figure 5-2. Cellular CDMA Minicell Primary Cabinet

......

......

.....

...

.....

.....

..... ..... .......... ..... .. ....

.

..

..... ..

.... CRC Clusters

RFTG 1

Alarms

CSU-2

CSU-3

CSU SIU

CSU-1

Notch/Cascade Filters

CRTU

RFTG 0

TPAs

RCC

Issue 3 5-5



Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Components

The AIF provides the interface and signal filtering. This circuitry is required tocomplete the Minicell receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) RF paths from the receiveand transmit antennas to the TPAs and BCRs in the Primary Frame. The AIFhouses these key components:

■ Radio Test Unit Switch Panel (RSP) — The function of the RSP is to switchtest signals from channel to channel and from carrier to carrier. It operatesin conjunction with the CRTU which is located in the Primary Frame.

■ Filters — Both receive and transmit filter panels are housed in the AIF.Receive and transmit filter panels are available for A Band and B Band andfor simplex and duplex configurations.

Cellular CDMA Growth Cabinet Components

The Cellular CDMA Growth Cabinet will double the capacity of the CDMA Minicelland will house additional components of the

■ CDMA Radio Complex (CRC)

■ Transmit Amplifiers

■ B-Band Cascade and Duplex filters

■ Channel Services Unit (CSU).

Power System

A +24 Volt DC Power System supplies the power for the Cellular MinicellCabinets. The power system may be supplied by the service provider or may beordered from Lucent Technologies.

Cellular CDMA Minicell Key Features

Key features on the Cellular CDMA Minicell include:

■ Indoor and Outdoor Solutions

— Environmentally hardened enclosures, weather-resistant, self-contained units

— Rooftop, street level and indoor mounts

5-6 Issue 3


401-614-010

■ Based on proven Series II technology. Many components are re-used fromthe Series II CDMA Growth Frame, including the RCC and software.

■ Flexible design is suited for both rural and high density urban settingswhere a reduced footprint and outdoor option add flexibility to the networkdesign.

■ Advanced RF equipment allows deployment with

— Narrow guard bands

— Operation in expanded spectrum of A and B systems.

■ Sectorization options

— 3 Sector for optimum coverage and cost. Supports initial deploymentof new networks.

— Omni configuration to cost-effectively fill “holes” in coverage.

■ Channel capacity is optioned through the flexible use of CDMA Clusters. Ina sectorized configuration, channels are interconnected such that they canbe shared across all three CDMA Cluster shelves. This enables the user toengineer for traffic on a per cell basis instead of a per-sector basis.

■ Traffic engineering at the Minicell level (not per sector) due to inter-sectorconnectivity facilitates

— Softer handoff

— Increases offered load

— Channel balancing

■ Simplex and duplex filter options allows antenna counts to be optimizedwith respect to performance

■ Factory pre-configured for easy installation.

■ Provision for up to 18 user alarms in addition to pre-specified alarms. Allalarms are reported to the ECP.

■ Reduced footprint

■ Macro cell coverage area

■ Support for 8 kbps and 13 kbps vocoders

■ Full Series II feature functionality

■ Economical start-up configuration and modular growth

Issue 3 5-7



Minicell Architecture

The Cellular CDMA Minicell primary cabinet and AIF support three CDMAClusters, associated radios and RF trains, and up to six sectors with an additionalgrowth frame. The Cellular CDMA Minicell can be configured to provide:

Sectorized Configurations

■ Primary Cabinet and AIF

— 3 Sectors with 1 carrier

■ With Growth Frame

— 6 sectors with 2 carriers

Omni Configurations

■ Primary Cabinet and AIF

— 1 to 3 carriers

■ With Growth Frame

— 1 to 6 carriers.

Each sector-carrier can be lightly loaded with two 2-channel element cardsproviding two overhead channels and two channels to support traffic and softhandoffs. This “start-up” configuration can grow to 32 physical channels persector carrier to provide a high traffic solution through the use of the high-density8-channel element card.

CDMA Cluster Architecture

The CDMA Cluster contains CDMA radio processing circuitry, channel cards anda controller which interfaces to the Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) bus in theMinicell. Figure 5-3 on page 5-8 shows the architecture of the CDMA Cluster. TheCDMA Cluster Controller serves as the termination point for the packet pipe. Thepacket pipe is a variable bandwidth circuit on the T1/E1 link (2 to 8 DS0s) thatallows optimum efficiency in backhauling traffic to the ECPC via T1 or E1 facilities.This controller also assigns channels to support overhead functions (pilot, paging,synch, and access) as well as voice channels.

5-8 Issue 3


401-614-010

Figure 5-3. Cellular CDMA Minicell Cluster Architecture

The output of the channel units is fed to the Analog Conversion Unit (ACU) whichprovides Digital/Analog and Analog/Digital conversion functions. The ACU feedsthe Baseband Combiner Radio (BCR), which in turn passes the 1.25 MHz CDMAspread spectrum signal to the RF train connecting to the RF antennas.

The Lucent Technologies CDMA Cluster architecture allows you to add trafficchannel capacity to the Minicell by adding CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) cards to thecell. Each CDMA cluster shelf supports up to four CCUs. CCUs are currentlyoffered in two-channel units (TCUs). Eight-channel units (HCUs) will be availablein 1997. Although two and eight channel element cards cannot coexist in thesame CDMA cluster, they can be mixed in the same Minicell to provide a variety ofconfigurations and growth options.

MinicellController

CDMAClusterController

AnalogConversionUnit Baseband

Combiner/Radio

BusInterfaceUnit

CDMAChannelUnits

CDMAChannelUnits

DigitalFacilityUnit

TxRx01

T1/E1(MSC)

CDMA Cluster

...CDMAChannelUnits

TDM Bus

(RCC)

Issue 3 5-9



All three CDMA cluster shelves in the Minicell are interconnected such that anytraffic channel on any CCU may serve any of the three sector-carriers in asectorized configuration. This is accomplished through wired connectionsbetween each BCR and ACU. This is illustrated in Figure 5-4 on page 5-9. Theseinterconnections allow the channel capacity to be added independently fromCDMA RF carriers. This allows you to perform capacity planning on a per cellbasis as opposed to a per-sector basis. For example, a low traffic, 3-sectorconfiguration requires all three BCRs, but may be equipped with only one shelf ofchannel cards. This reduces the overall number of circuit packs and provides acost-effective start-up solution.

Figure 5-4. BCR and ACU Interconnections Between CDMA Clusters

AnalogConversionUnit

BasebandCombinerRadio


CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMA Shelf




CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMA Shelf




CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMAChannelUnit

CDMA Shelf

TxRx01

TxRx01

TxRx01

MinicellController

DigitalFacilityUnit

T1/E1(MSC)

5-10 Issue 3


401-614-010

RF Train Architecture

The Cellular CDMA Minicell and AIF support three CDMA RF trains. One RF trainis required for each physical sector or for each carrier. For example, Omni-1carrier requires one RF train, Omni-2 carrier requires two RF trains and 3-sectorrequires three RF trains.

Each RF train requires two receive paths to accommodate diversity receive, and atransmit path. The Minicell supports both duplex and simplex filter options. Thesimplex configuration requires three antennas per sector, while the duplex optionrequires only two antennas per sector. The simplex version is shown in Figure 5-5on page 5-10 and the duplex version is shown is shown in Figure 5-6 onpage 5-11.

Figure 5-5. Cellular CDMA Minicell RF Train Architecture - Simplex Option

To/FromBCR

Receive Path (Rx 1)

Low NoiseAmplifier

Receive Path (Rx 0)

Low NoiseAmplifier

Filter

Simp

Rx

Rx

l

xe

Transmit PowerAmplifier

Filter

Simpl

xe

Filter

Simpl

xe

Tx

Issue 3 5-11



Figure 5-6. Cellular CDMA Minicell RF Train Architecture - Duplex Option

This option allows you to trade-off simplex/duplex performance for reducedantenna counts. The duplex filter option is attractive in areas where zoningrestrictions exist.

Environmental Specifications

The Cellular CDMA Minicell Primary, Growth, and AIF cabinets are available inboth indoor and outdoor models. The outdoor Cellular Minicell has undergoneextensive environmental testing to verify its operation in outside plantenvironments without additional protection or climate control. The cabinets’ self-contained environmental control system maintains suitable operatingtemperatures for the Minicell electronics inside. This is achieved through the useof air-to-air heat exchange for cooling and thermostatically-controlled spaceheaters for heating.

To/FromBCR

Receive Path (Rx 1)

Low NoiseAmplifier

Receive Path (Rx 0)

Transmit PowerAmplifier

Low NoiseAmplifier

Filter

lex

Filter

Duplex

Rx

Tx

Rx

Simp

5-12 Issue 3


401-614-010

The Minicell is also tested for environmentally induced vibration and earthquakes.The Minicell undergoes a variety of Bellcore outdoor cabinet tests, including windresistance, water intrusion, weather-tightness, fire resistance, and bullet-proofing.Transportation and installation handling tests are performed to ensure that theproduct arrives on-site in the same condition it left the factory.

The Minicell meets and exceed all FCC requirements related to emissions. It alsocomplies with Bellcore standards related to RF immunity - even with the doorsopen. The Cellular CDMA Minicell meets recognized standards for safety and isUnderwriter’s Laboratories (UL) approved.

Growth Cabinet

The Cellular CDMA Minicell growth cabinet, when available, can be used to addadditional CDMA carriers and/or sectors to the Cellular CDMA Minicell primarycabinet. One growth cabinet, which will double the capacity of the Minicell in termsof the number of carriers and sectors supported, can be added to the primaryMinicell. The following describes the key components in the Minicell growthcabinet. See also Figure 5-7 on page 5-13.

■ CRC with up to 3 CDMA Clusters in each growth cabinet, each containing

— Up to four CDMA Channel Units (CCUs)

— CDMA Spread Spectrum Radio (1.25 MHz) equipment.

■ Transmit amplifiers and power supplies - one per cluster

■ B-Band Cascade and Notch Filters, where required

With the addition of one growth cabinet, the Minicell supports

■ 6 CDMA RF Carriers - Omni configuration

■ 2 CDMA RF Carriers - 6 sector configuration

Table 5-1. Specifications for Environmental Conditions

Environmental Condition Range

Outside Temperature

■ Operating -40°F to 115°F (-40°C to 46°C)

■ Transportation and Storage -40°F to 140°F (-40°C to 60°C)

Indoor Temperature 35° F to 120° F (2° C to 49° C)

Outside Humidity

■ Operating and Storage 5 percent to 95 percent

Issue 3 5-13



Figure 5-7. Cellular CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet

Using the growth cabinet to add sectors requires additional CDMA Clusters andcomplete CDMA RF Trains. One Cluster and RF Train per sector is needed. Theequipment used in the growth cabinet is identical to the equipment used in theprimary cabinet.

For the 3-sector configurations (1 or 2 carrier), all receive paths come into the AIFcabinet. These receive signals are then fed to the primary cabinets. For thesecond carrier, the CDMA Radio Complex (CRC) and the CDMA Transmit PowerAmplifiers (TPAs) physically reside in the 3-sector, second carrier growth cabinet.The transmit path for the second carrier is routed from the AIF cabinet to thegrowth cabinet.

....

....

.

......

... CDMA Clusters

Notch/Cascade FIlters

TPAs

5-14 Issue 3


401-614-010

Cellular Minicell Antenna InterfaceFrame (AIF) Cabinet

The Minicell AIF (850 MHz) cabinet contains the following:

■ Receive Filter Panels [includes Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and filter]

■ Transmit Filter Panels or Transmit Receive Duplexed Filter Panels

■ RTU Switch Panel (RSP) for all sectors in the configuration

Figure 5-8 on page 5-14 shows a fully-loaded AIF, which would support a Primaryand a Growth Cabinet with 6 sectors (one receive filter and a transmit or duplexfilter per sector).

Figure 5-8. Mini Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Cabinet

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.

Receive Filter Panels

Transmit/ReceiveFilters and Duplexers

RTU Switch Panel

Issue 3 5-15



Capacities

The following sections highlight the capacities for the Cellular CDMA Minicell inthe omni and the 3 and 6-sector configurations.

Omni Configuration

Table 5-2 on page 5-15 summarizes the number of RF carriers supported by therequired Minicell cabinets in an omni configuration. Table 5-3 on page 5-15summarizes the maximum number of channel units supported by the RF carriersin an omni configuration.

* Requires growth cabinet.† This assumes an 8-channel HCU.

Table 5-2. Number of RF Carriers Supported in Omni Configuration

Required Cabinets Number of RF Carriers Supported

Primary 1-3

Growth 4-6

Table 5-3. Maximum Number of Channel Units Supported in OmniConfiguration

ChannelUnitsSupported

1 RFCarrier

2 RFCarrier

3 RFCarrier

4 RF*

Carrier5 RF*

Carrier6 RF*

Carrier

Max.CDMAChannelUnits

4 8 12 16 20 24

PhysicalChannelMax.(TCU)

8 16 24 32 40 48

PhysicalChannelMax.(HCU)†

32 64 96 128 160 192

5-16 Issue 3


401-614-010

3 and 6 Sector Configurations

Table 5-4 on page 5-16 summarizes the number of RF carriers supported by theMinicell cabinets in 3 and 6 sector configurations. Table 5-5 on page 5-16summarizes the maximum number of channel units supported by the RF carriersin 3 and 6 sector configurations.

The Cellular CDMA Minicell platform (primary and growth cabinets) is designed togracefully support a varying and dynamic traffic mix. The Minicell may beequipped with extra CDMA channel units which are shared by all available sectorsand used to serve peak busy hour traffic demands.

* This assumes an 8-channel HCU. Also requires a Growth Cabinet

Table 5-4. Number of RF Carriers Supported in Sectorized Configurations

Number of Sectors Primary Cabinet Growth Cabinet Carriers Supported

3-Sector required none 1

6-Sector required required 2

Table 5-5. Number of Channel Units Supported in 3 and 6 Sector Configurations

3 Sector 6 Sector

Channel Units Supported 1 RF Carrier 2 RF* Carrier 1 RF* Carrier

Max. CDMA Channel Units 12 24 24

Physical Channel Max. (TCU) 24 48 48

Physical Channel Max. (HCU)* 96 192 192

Issue 3 5-17



Physical Specifications

Table 5-6 on page 5-17 summarizes the physical specifications of LucentTechnologies’ Cellular CDMA Minicell cabinets.

Cellular Minicell FacilityRequirements

The PCSC to Cellular CDMA Minicells are connected by integrated DS-1interfaces. All signals, both data and voice, are carried in a DS-1 format which hasa 1.544 Megabits (Mbps) signal providing 24 DS0 channels at 64 Kbps each. Twoframing formats, D4 and Extended Super Frame (ESF) are supported. Theminimum pulse density for DS-1 signals is satisfied by either Bipolar with an 8Zero Substitution (B8Zs) technique (default) or with Zero Code Suppression(ZCS). Performance monitoring is provided with a series of measurementsincluding failed seconds, bursty errored seconds, severely errored seconds,degraded minutes, and carrier failures.

Table 5-6. Physical Specifications of the Cellular CDMA Minicell Cabinets

Cabinet Dimensions(width x depth x height)

Weight

Primary and GrowthCabinet

Outdoor 28 x 26 x 75 in. 825 lbs

71.12 x 66.04 x 190.5 cm 374.22 kgs

Indoor 28 x 22 x 75 in. 825 lbs

71.12 x 55.88 x 190.5 cm 374.22 kgs

AIF (Indoor and Outdoor) 28 x 22 x 75 in. 825lbs

71.12 x 55.88 x 190.5 cm 374.22 kgs

5-18 Issue 3


401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 6-i



6Lucent Technologies CDMASystem Features

Introduction 6-1

Billing Features 6-2

■ Abbreviated Dialing with Acknowledgment 6-2■ Administrable Automatic Number Identification Information

Digits (AAIID) 6-2■ AMA Containing Incoming Automatic Number Identification

(AMANI) 6-2■ AMA Dump for Follow Me Roaming Service 6-2■ AMA Dump for Selected Subscribers 6-2■ AMA Search 6-3■ AMA Teleprocessing System 6-3■ BillNet Automatic Message Accounting 6-3■ CDMA/Analog Usage Billing 6-3■ Credit Card Billing 6-3■ Default Abbreviated Dialing with Acknowledgment Record

Generation for Home Subscribers 6-3■ Dialed Digits in AMA 6-4■ Immediate Billing Security Records 6-4■ Last Cell Information in AMA 6-4■ Partial Station Class Mark in AMA 6-4■ Selectable Billing Records 6-4■ Suppress Master Special Cellular Networking (SCN) AMA

Records 6-4

Subscriber Features 6-5

■ Allowable Called Number Table 6-5

6-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents■ Automatic Call Trace 6-5■ Call Forwarding Backoff to Message Recording Service (MRS) 6-5■ Calling Number Identification Presentation (CNIP) and Calling

Number Identification and Calling Number Restriction (CNIR) 6-5■ Calling Party Number Acceptance /Delivery 6-6■ Cancel Call Waiting 6-6■ Over the Air Activation/Provisioning 6-6■ Credit Card Dialing 6-6■ CDMA Custom Calling Package 6-7

Call Forwarding 6-7Call Waiting 6-7Three-Way Calling 6-7

■ Distinctive Ringing Standalone HLR 6-7■ Limited Service Area 6-7■ Extended Limited Service Area 6-8■ Limited Service Area - Inter-MSC/DCS 6-8■ Limited Call Transfer 6-8■ Local Directory Number (LDN) 6-8■ Malicious Call Trace 6-8■ Message Recording Service 6-9■ Message Recording Service Equal Access Interface 6-9■ Message Retrieval Code 6-9■ Message Waiting Indicator (MWI) 6-9■ Pound (#) Send 6-9■ Project Accounting Service 6-10■ Project Accounting Service Authorization (PASA) 6-10■ Remote Feature Activation 6-10■ Restricted Access 6-10■ Short Message Service (SMS) on Analog Voice Channel 6-11■ Short Message Service on Paging Channel 6-11■ Sleep Mode/Slotted Paging 6-11■ Subscriber Access Control Phase 1 6-11■ Subscriber Pre-Page Announcement 6-11■ Voice Mail 6-12■ Voice Mail Notification 6-12

Cell Site Configuration Features 6-12

■ Cellular CDMA Minicell Support 6-12■ CDMA Series II Six Sector 6-12

Issue 3 6-iii

Contents



■ Channel Element (CE) Gain Control 6-12■ Fiber Microcell 6-13■ Improved RC/V for Cell Configuration 6-13■ Overhead Channel Pooling 6-13

Data Features 6-13

■ CDMA Circuit Mode Data Interworking Function 6-13■ CDMA Core Circuit Mode Data 6-13■ CDMA 14.4 Kbps Circuit Mode Data 6-13

Fraud Control Features 6-14

■ Authentication Analog/CDMA Digital Mode 6-14■ Authorized Roaming List 6-14■ Homer Electronic Serial Number (ESN) Fraud Check 6-14■ Increased Court Order Surveillance 6-14■ IS-41 Message Visibility 6-14■ Manufacturer Code Validation 6-15■ Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI) 6-15■ Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA) 6-15■ PIN Capability 6-15■ PIN Password Change 6-15

Networking and Roaming Features 6-16

■ Automatic Roaming/Automatic Roamer Greeting 6-16■ Autonomous Registration/Enhanced Registration 6-16■ CDMA/Analog Handoff IS-41B - AUTOPLEX System 1000 6-16■ CDMA/Analog Spectrum Swap 6-16■ CDMA Available Indicator 6-17■ CDMA Handoff Matrix 6-17■ CDMA Intra-DCS Multiple CDMA Carrier Semisoft Handoff 6-17■ Inter-DCS Soft Handoffs 6-17■ Intra-DCS Soft Handoffs 6-17■ Inter-MSC Originations/Terminations 6-17■ Inter-MSC Soft Handoff 6-18■ Inter-MSC Soft Handoff Phase II 6-18■ Inter-SM Soft Handoff 6-18■ Increased Neighbor List 6-18■ IS-41 CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff 6-18■ IS-41B Global Title Translation 6-18■ IS-41B Global Unknown Roamers 6-19

6-iv Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents■ IS-41 Inter-MSC PCS-CDMA (1.9 GHz) to AMPs-CDMA

(850 MHz) Hard Handoff 6-19■ IS-41 Rev C 6-19■ IS-41N Triggers 6-19■ Multi Carrier Semisoft Handoff 6-20■ Multiple CDMA Equipped 5ESS-2000 DCS per MSC 6-20■ Multiple Roamer Class of Service 6-20■ Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC Extended Feature Transparency

Network (EFTN) and IS-41 6-20■ Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC Feature Transparency Network

(FTN) 6-20■ Roamer Only Roamer Access Number 6-20■ Routing Service for Emergency Calls 6-21■ Special Cellular Networking 6-21■ Variable Width Packet Pipes 6-21

Network Interconnect Features 6-22

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch SS7 Call Signaling 6-22■ Carrier Access Code Restriction 6-22■ Carrier Selection 6-22■ EIA Compatibility 6-22■ End Office Appearance 6-22■ E1 Compatibility 6-23■ Feature Group D Customer Identification Code Expansion 6-23■ Operator Services Signaling 6-23■ Special Routing 6-23■ Tandem Trunk Switching 6-23

Operations, Administration and MaintenanceFeatures 6-23

■ Alarm Summary Print 6-23■ CDMA Basic Diagnostics/Translations 6-24■ CRTU Performance Monitoring and Fault Localization Phase 1 6-24■ CRTU Performance Monitoring and Fault Isolation Phase II 6-24■ Database Survey 6-25■ Immediate Call Trace 6-25■ Long Call Detection 6-25■ Mobile Station Test - MOST 6-25■ User Talk Mobile Station - UTMOST 6-25■ Multiple Systems Subscriber Administration 6-25

Issue 3 6-v

Contents



■ OMP Cellular Network Analyzer 6-26■ OMP DCS Translations Hardcopy 6-26■ Programmable Treatment Routing 6-26■ Operator Call Restrictions Announcement 6-26■ Orthogonal Channel Noise Source 6-26■ Primary Alarm Clock 6-27■ Selectable Cell Site Messaging 6-27■ Selectable Paging Tone 6-27■ Service Measurements 6-27■ Service Measurements Report Generator 6-27■ Subscriber and System Errors to Announcement 6-28■ Subscriber Form Activity Print 6-28■ Subscriber Loopback Test 6-28■ System Integrity Improvements Phase 1 6-28■ TTY Number Display 6-29■ Text Recent Change/Verify 6-29■ User Defined Cell Site Alarms 6-29

Service Quality Features 6-29

■ 8 Kbps Vocoder 6-29■ 13 Kbps Vocoding Service 6-29■ 13 Kbps Channel Element Unit (TCU) Support 6-30■ CDMA Enhanced Variable Rate Coding (EVRC) Vocoding 6-30■ Integrated Multi-rate/Multi-type Vocoder Service 6-30■ Craft Forced Channel Element Handoff 6-30■ High Density CCU (HCU) 6-30■ Power Control 6-30■ Radio Frequency (RF) Call Trace 6-31■ Markov 8 Kbps/Markov 13 Kbps Service Option 6-31■ Soft Handoff 6-31■ Softer Handoff 6-31■ Subscriber Call Quality Rating 6-31■ Subscriber Control of Special Routing 6-31

Virtual System Features 6-32

■ Virtual Systems 6-32Virtual System AMA Event Recording 6-32Virtual System Call Routing 6-32Virtual System Input Message Restriction 6-32Virtual System Output Message Routing 6-32

6-vi Issue 3



401-614-010

ContentsVirtual System RC/V Access 6-33Virtual System Tones and Announcements 6-33

Planning for the Future 6-33

Issue 3 6-1



6Lucent Technologies CDMA SystemFeatures

Introduction

Lucent Technologies is committed to offering new features and services to you ina timely and cost-effective manner. To help you plan your successful CDMAoffering, this chapter presents the features available today, as well as thoseplanned for the future. For your convenience, the features are grouped into thefollowing categories:

■ Billing Features

■ Subscriber Features

■ Cell Site Configuration Features

■ Data Features

■ Fraud Control Features

■ Network and Roaming Features

■ Network Interconnect Features

■ Operations, Administration and Maintenance Features

■ Service Quality Features

■ Virtual System Features.

If you require further information, please contact your Account Executive.

6-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Billing Features

The following section describes the billing features.

Abbreviated Dialing with Acknowledgment

This feature is an extension of the Electronics Industries Association FunctionCode Dialing (EIAFCD) feature. This feature provides the capability to return atone or announcement to the mobile subscriber when a cellular feature code(*XX(YYY)) or cellular service code (*N!!) is dialed. This feature also generates anAutomatic Message Accounting (AMA) record containing the dialed cellularfeature/service code.

Administrable Automatic Number IdentificationInformation Digits (AAIID)

This feature allows the service provider to specify, on the Trunk Group List (tgl)form, the two Identification Information (II) digits to be sent by the system on a callthat requires Automatic Identification (ANI) information.

AMA Containing Incoming Automatic NumberIdentification (AMANI)

This feature provides the ability to include Automatic Number Identification (ANI)in the AMA record for all subscribers of an AMANI service provider.

AMA Dump for Follow Me Roaming Service

This feature provides immediate billing records for home subscribers who place orreceive calls outside their Home Cellular Geographic Service Area (HCGSA).

AMA Dump for Selected Subscribers

This feature allows the service provider to output the AMA data for a selectedsubscriber immediately after each call is completed. This feature outputs amessage for a subscriber after each call that generates an AMA record. Theoutput messages can been directed to any device desired.

Issue 3 6-3



Lucent Technologies CDMA System Features

AMA Search

This feature examines call records in the AMA disk partition, generates reports onrequest, and allows the printing of billing information pertaining to a particularmobile directory number during a specified time interval.

AMA Teleprocessing System

This feature is an electronic file transfer process. This process is used to transmitAMA data generated by the AUTOPLEX System 1000 MSC to a Host Collector(HOC) via BX.25 protocol over high speed data links.

BillNet Automatic Message Accounting

When activated, this feature allows call time AMA records to be transmittedimmediately after completion of a call.

CDMA/Analog Usage Billing

This feature allows collection of AMA data for digital times used by the CDMAmobiles, type of technology, and station class mark. This feature collects digitaltimes for voice channel, initial voice channel answer time, three-way facilities,limited service area, and total digital times.

Credit Card Billing

This feature provides the cellular subscriber with the option of having their cellularservice charges billed to their calling card or credit card.

Default Abbreviated Dialing withAcknowledgment Record Generation for HomeSubscribers

This feature gives the service provider the ability to write an immediate bill forhome subscribers to a default immediate billing port.

6-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Dialed Digits in AMA

This feature provides the digit string that the cellular subscriber dials whenaccessing the AUTOPLEX System 1000. With this feature, the exact digits that thesubscriber dials, including international codes, carrier access codes and anyfunction dialing codes, are placed in the AMA record for the call.

Immediate Billing Security Records

This feature generates billing records for the service provider when a mobileattempts calls at a multiple systems networked system.

Last Cell Information in AMA

This feature provides the last cell site and radio number used on a call in the AMArecord for that call.

Partial Station Class Mark in AMA

This feature provides portions of the Station Class Mark (SCM) in the AMA recordwritten for a call. AMA records can then be analyzed for the desired usageinformation.

Selectable Billing Records

This feature allows service providers several options for the suppression of AMArecords. The service provider may select any one of the following four choicesthrough the RC/V interface to suppress the creation of an AMA record:

■ Unanswered calls

■ Termination calls

■ Calls under minimum duration time

■ Handoff and handback records.

Suppress Master Special Cellular Networking(SCN) AMA Records

This feature suppresses master SCN AMA records when special cellularnetworking is used to deliver calls between two AUTOPLEX System 1000 MobileSwitching Centers (MSCs).

Issue 3 6-5




Subscriber Features

The following section describes the subscriber features.

Allowable Called Number Table

This feature checks the call directory number against a screening list to determineif the call is to a given service. This allows the subscriber to set up an allowabletable of calling numbers, which would benefit businesses that have a fleet ofmobiles and want to control costs by restricting employee phone calls. In addition,at the request of a subscriber, the service provider may restrict calls to certainnumbers that may be undesirable or more expensive than other calls to complete.A restriction announcement is given if the subscriber attempts to place a call to adirectory number that is restricted.

Automatic Call Trace

This feature gives the service provider the ability to trace calls for a mobileDirectory Number (DN). The mobile DN can have all incoming and/or outgoingcalls traced using its subscriber record for a home subscriber or visiting locationregister record for a visiting subscriber.

Call Forwarding Backoff to Message RecordingService (MRS)

This feature supports a subscriber who has the MRS feature. This feature allowsan unanswered call, immediate or conditionally forwarded, to be routed via theMRS feature to the subscriber's Voice Mail Storage System (VMSS).

Calling Number Identification Presentation(CNIP) and Calling Number Identification andCalling Number Restriction (CNIR)

The CNIP feature enables subscribers to view the calling party's telephonenumber on a mobile station display when the phone alerts. Each subscriber will beable to screen calls to control cost and personal efficiency. Subscribers will alsohave access to Caller ID on Call Waiting calls as well as normal terminations.

The CNIR feature allows service providers to prevent the display of a given mobilesubscriber's CPN at the called party's phone on all calls by making theappropriate entry in the subscriber's database.

6-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Mobiles used for CDMA support both a CDMA digital and analog mode and arebased on IS-95A mobiles operating in an analog or CDMA digital mode. CNIP willalso be fully feature-transparent from the subscriber's perspective whether themobile is in a CDMA digital or analog mode of operation.

Calling Party Number Acceptance /Delivery

This feature allows the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) to convey Calling PartyNumber (CPN) information with outgoing calls routed by the MSC and to acceptCPN information received with incoming calls to the MSC.

Cancel Call Waiting

With this feature, subscribers can eliminate call waiting interruptions during theircurrent calls. When the subscriber completes a call, the call waiting feature willreactivate. The Cancel Call Waiting feature is designed to allow subscribers to usethe *XY.

Over the Air Activation/Provisioning

This feature allows the activation of services and modifications in real-time overthe air. This feature allows a cellular subscriber to become authorized for newcellular service without the intervention of a third party. The feature consists of thefollowing two parts: authorization by the desired service provider for service anddownloading data to the mobile unit.

Credit Card Dialing

This feature allows a customer to originate a call using a credit card. The creditcard is read from a mobile equipped with a credit card reader. This feature allows32 digits to be sent by the mobile unit. The credit card number is combined withthe dialed digits. THe mobile takes the credit card number and the called number,per mobile instructions, and transmits the combined numbers to the MSC.

Issue 3 6-7




CDMA Custom Calling Package

This feature includes the following capabilities.

Call Forwarding

This feature permits a called subscriber to send incoming calls addressed to thesubscriber's directory number to another directory number or to the subscriber'svoice mail box. Call Forwarding is available on Busy and No Answer.

Call Waiting

This feature allows a subscriber to answer an incoming call while currently in astable, two-party talk state. If the subscriber flashes to answer the incoming call,the currently connected party is put on hold, and the incoming caller is connectedto the cellular subscriber. Each subsequent flash from the subscriber will place theconnected party on hold and connect the held party to the subscriber.

Three-Way Calling

This feature allows a subscriber to add a third party to an existing two-party call. Ifeither of the two non-controlling parties to an established three-way calldisconnects, the remaining party is reconnected to the controlling subscriber as anormal two-party call. If the controlling subscriber of a three-way call disconnects,the conference circuit and all other parties are released.

Distinctive Ringing Standalone HLR

This feature applies a ringing pattern based on whether a calling party numbermatches distinctive ringing lists. The distinctive ringing calling number list shouldbe maintainable either via a customer representative or the subscriber via aninteractive session.

Limited Service Area

This feature allows the service provider to charge the cellular subscriber areduced rate for calls placed within a defined subscriber Limited Service Area(LSA) similarly to the way local and toll calls within the same area code arecharged in a land-line network. This feature is provided on a per-directory numberbasis and is applicable to both originating and terminating calls.

6-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

Extended Limited Service Area

This feature increases the limited serving area up to 128 cells.

Limited Service Area - Inter-MSC/DCS

This feature allows the service provider to define Limited Service Area (LSA)boundaries across DCSs and MSCs. This enables the service provider to chargea standard service rate for a mobile operating in its standard service area and ahigher rate in a premium service area. This feature allows Automatic MessageAccounting (AMA) records to be updated based on the fact that the mobile mayexit and/or enter an LSA numerous times.

Limited Call Transfer

This feature allows a subscriber to transfer a stable call to a third party. Theoriginal call may be incoming or outgoing.

The mobile subscriber then follows the three-way calling scenario to place anoutgoing call to a third party.

Local Directory Number (LDN)

This feature allows the service provider to give roamers local presence to theAUTOPLEX System 1000. This LDN assignment feature gives Roamer II serviceto a roamer by assigning an LDN to the roamer in the host system. The roamermay be reached via 1-stage dialing to the LDN. If an LDN is not assigned, RoamerI 2-stage call termination is used to call roaming subscribers by completing thecall through a remote access number.

This feature offers end-users convenience in that it reduces the number of digitsrequired to reach a customer and may also improve call completion speed.

Malicious Call Trace

This feature allows service providers who work with law enforcement agencies theability to request Malicious Call Trace (MCT) information at any time within theduration of an incoming call.

Issue 3 6-9




Message Recording Service

This feature allows a subscriber to have calls conditionally forwarded to a voicemail storage system (VMSS) where the calling party can leave messages for thesubscriber. Subscribers will be able to access the system from anywhere, atanytime, to retrieve messages and can avoid missing calls when busy on anothercall or unavailable.

Message Recording Service Equal AccessInterface

This feature allows service providers to use the message recording servicefeature even when the interface between the Voice Mail Storage System (VMSS)and the digital cellular switch uses equal access signaling.

Message Retrieval Code

This feature allows mobile subscribers to access a Voice Mail System by dialing acellular feature code from their mobile phones. This feature allows serviceproviders to offer subscribers the option of accessing their VMSS by dialing acellular feature code instead of dialing their own Directory Number.

Message Waiting Indicator (MWI)

This feature enhances the current Voice Mail Notification feature by indicating thepresence of voice messages without requiring the subscriber to establish a voiceconnection.

MWI notifies subscribers when a voice message is available for retrieval. This maybe delivered through tone, illuminated indicator or alphanumeric message. MWIwill increase usage as the subscriber retrieves messages from voice mail and mayreturn calls from the mobile unit.

Pound (#) Send

This feature allows a single pound digit (#) to be a valid destination. The dialed #digit is routed to a peripheral device connected via a trunk.

6-10 Issue 3



401-614-010

Project Accounting Service

This feature allows a mobile subscriber to tag an originating or terminating callwith an account number which appears on the mobile subscriber's bill. Thisfeature is offered on a per-directory number basis. This feature is a convenienceto mobile subscribers for cost allocation of billed services. Assigning an accountnumber to calls allows subscribers to separate personal calls from business callsor to keep track of calls per job or project.

Project Accounting Service Authorization (PASA)

This feature prevents users from making unauthorized calls on a cellular unit byrequiring an authorization number to be entered during an origination request.The exception to this is unrestricted N11 or tone/announcement calls which arealways completed.

The PASA feature provides protection in the following ways against unauthorizedaccess of cellular units which might be left unattended:

■ The subscriber can restrict which personnel can make calls on a company-owned mobile unit.

■ The service provider has the ability to track calls via the PASA numberrecorded in AMA records for valid PASA attempts.

■ Immediate notification of unauthorized access is provided to the serviceprovider via an optional output message.

Remote Feature Activation

This feature allows subscribers to activate and deactivate features like CallForwarding, Message Retrieval Service and Special Routing, even while roaming.This feature is similar to land-line and makes it easier for subscribers to usepremium services.

Restricted Access

This feature restricts a subscriber from receiving service in a group or groups ofcell sites, giving the service provider the ability to control the service area for allsubscribers and roamers. Restricted mobiles cannot originate, terminate orhandoff a call in a restricted area. Restricted areas can be defined across MSCboundaries and are delivered on a per-cell basis.

Issue 3 6-11




Short Message Service (SMS) on Analog VoiceChannel

This feature allows service providers a means to deliver SMS messages tosubscribers using IS-95A-compatible dual-mode mobile units. SMS allows callerswho encounter busy or unavailable mobiles to leave a short alphanumericmessage instead of receiving a busy tone. SMS is a new revenue generatingopportunity for service providers and a feature desired by subscribers bycombining the capabilities of wireless telecommunications with a pager.

Short Message Service on Paging Channel

This feature offers a means to send alphanumeric pager-like messages on apoint-to-point basis via the CDMA air interface. It allows subscribers to receiveshort alphanumeric messages. The maximum length of a message is 128characters.

Sleep Mode/Slotted Paging

This feature extends battery life of portables, increases talk time betweenrecharging and allows subscribers to make longer and more frequent calls.

Subscriber Access Control Phase 1

This feature activates, in stages, an increasing number of mobiles that have beendistributed among subscribers in a test or controlled area. The goal is to limit thevolume of traffic in a given area to a pre-determined level. This feature isespecially valuable when adding CDMA service to an existing AMPS cell site as ameans of managing a controlled service introduction.

Subscriber Pre-Page Announcement

This feature enhances functionality by allowing the service provider to specifywhether a calling party receives a preassigned announcement before attemptingto page the mobile subscriber. The announcement could be either tone or anannouncement and is not played during custom feature calls such as Call Waiting.

With this feature, service providers have the ability to provide announcements toindividuals calling selected subscribers. The announcements may be used toprovide charging, service or other types of useful information to the calling parties.

6-12 Issue 3



401-614-010

Voice Mail

This feature provides a trunk interface to direct the call to the Voice Mail StorageSystem (VMSS).

Voice Mail Notification

This feature audibly notifies subscribers of waiting messages in the subscriber’svoice mail box.

Cell Site Configuration Features

The following section describes the cell site configuration features.

Cellular CDMA Minicell Support

This feature supports the integration of hardware/firmware for AMPS-capableCDMA Minicell products. This product integration includes databases andtranslations to support the minicell equipment. The new minicell offers a low costentry for cell sites supporting CDMA. The following configurations are supported:

■ 3 sector 1 CDMA carrier

■ Omni 1-3 CDMA carriers.

CDMA Series II Six Sector

This feature supports the integration of the hardware/firmware for CDMA 850MHz. It requires the addition of CDMA Minicell Growth Frame.

This feature provides less interference and shortens the distance of repeating dueto the reuse frequency ratio of one (1).

Channel Element (CE) Gain Control

This feature handles the channel elements (CEs) (pilot, synch, paging, accessand traffic) which contain the necessary circuitry to perform forward line (cell siteto mobile) and reverse link CDMA spread spectrum processing.

Issue 3 6-13




Fiber Microcell

This feature permits the Fiber Microcell configuration integrating for CDMA.

Improved RC/V for Cell Configuration

This feature simplifies the definition of AUTOPLEX System 1000 cell siteconfigurations. Cell hardware is identified to allow the use of CDMA frame(s) asadjuncts or primary components in different mixes of cell site configurations.

Overhead Channel Pooling

This feature provides the ability to equip the overhead channels on any clusterwithin a subcell. The main advantage of this configuration is that it allows a singlecluster to contain all overhead channels and no traffic channels. A configurationlike this does not require a packet pipe and can save on facilities costs.

Data Features

The following section describes the data features.

CDMA Circuit Mode Data Interworking Function

This feature defines the Interworking Function (IWF) hardware and software forCDMA Circuit Mode Data Services and OA&M integration. The IWF interfaces tothe AUTOPLEX System via a standard interface. This feature includes externalsupport service required to monitor the development of IWF hardware providedfrom non-Lucent sources. This feature provides a single OA&M point of contact forthe administrator and end-to-end testing and performance.

CDMA Core Circuit Mode Data

This feature offers core capability to support data related services at data rates upto 9600 bits per second (bps). Services supported are Asynchronous data, Group3 FAX, Interface to circuit mode IWF and Inter-Lucent system support.

CDMA 14.4 Kbps Circuit Mode Data

This feature enhances CDMA Core Circuit Mode Data to support data rates up to14.4 Kbps

6-14 Issue 3



401-614-010

Fraud Control Features

The following section describes the fraud control features.

Authentication Analog/CDMA Digital Mode

This feature uses standardized procedures in IS-54B to authenticate the mobile toprevent fraudulent access to the system. This prevents fraudulent users fromfinding valid Mobile Identification Number (MIN)/Electronic Serial Number (ESN)combinations. This will be used in the analog mode of a CDMA dual-mode mobile.This reduces or eliminates fraudulent use of the system and saves the serviceprovider from lost revenue due to unauthorized calls. In addition, this featureincreases customer confidence in billing and in the service provider to controlfraud.

Authorized Roaming List

This feature provides for the creation and maintenance at the Home LocationRegister (HLR) of subscriber profiles that define the MSCs in which subscribersare not allowed to roam.

Homer Electronic Serial Number (ESN) FraudCheck

With this feature, a home ESN that has been entered into the fraudulent serialnumbers database is denied service when attempting a fraudulent call.

Increased Court Order Surveillance

This feature provides voice and called-number monitoring under Court-OrderedSurveillance for calls originated by and terminated to cellular subscribers.

IS-41 Message Visibility

This feature facilitates the use of the Message Recording Service (MRS) featurein an IS-41 based cellular network that uses IS-41 call delivery.

Issue 3 6-15




Manufacturer Code Validation

This feature helps fight against fraud by denying service to roamer units that haveinvalid Mobile Manufacturer Codes (MMCs).

Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI)

This feature provides security features to eliminate cloning and providesdiagnostic messages identifying PIN failures. SPINI separates the PIN numberfrom the called number and ESN by using the traffic and control channels forseparation and delivery of this information. This separation of information makes itmore difficult to clone subscriber numbers. SPINI also allows subscribers tochange their PIN with user-friendly prompts.

Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA)

This feature permits a subscriber to control whether his or her mobile station isallowed to access the network by using a a SPINA PIN as a subscriber identity.This feature may be used by the subscriber to prevent unauthorized use of his/herown mobile station or fraudulent use by a clone.

PIN Capability

This feature enables the subscriber and service providers to limit system accessfor certain call types via a 4-digit PIN. This feature is activated on a per-subscriberbasis and is changeable by the subscriber. When activated, a subscriber isrequired to enter his/her PIN when originating mobile calls that are subject to thePIN requirement.

PIN Password Change

This feature is an option to the PIN Capability feature and the SPINI feature. Itallows PIN Capability feature and SPINI feature subscribers to change their ownPIN passwords. The password may be changed by the subscriber dialing afeature service code and using either single-stage dialing (PIN capability) or twostage dialing (PIN capability or SPINI).

6-16 Issue 3



401-614-010

Networking and Roaming Features

The following section describes the networking and roaming features.

Automatic Roaming/Automatic Roamer Greeting

This feature allows the service provider to connect roamers to an announcementupon roamer entry into the cellular service area. Each roamer receives a callwhich provides information via an announcement.

Autonomous Registration/Enhanced Registration

Registration is the process by which the mobile station notifies the infrastructureof its location, status, identification, slot cycle and other characteristics. Thisfeature permits a mobile to register without an explicit command from the userand is activated on a per-cell basis. Registration options include power-upregistration, power-down registration, time-based registration, distance-basedregistration, zoned-based registration, parameter-change registration, automaticroaming.

CDMA/Analog Handoff IS-41B - AUTOPLEXSystem 1000

This feature supports a CDMA to Analog handoff, which is essentially a hard“break before make” handoff. The cell hands off the mobile unit's call to analog onanother cell or analog channel on the same cell, if necessary. This feature allowsa CDMA user to maintain an active call even if they travel outside of their currentCDMA coverage area. Once a CDMA call has been handed down to analog, it willcontinue in analog mode and may even handoff again. A CDMA to Analog (Hard)handoff occurs when the dual-mode CDMA mobile is instructed to change itsmode from CDMA to Analog during a call by the AUTOPLEX System 1000.

CDMA/Analog Spectrum Swap

With this feature, the service provider has the ability to switch between twoconfigurations; one supporting only analog AMPS and one supporting CDMA inaddition to analog AMPs. Therefore, a frequency range can be shared betweenthe two technologies, one technology at a given time.

Issue 3 6-17




CDMA Available Indicator

This feature alerts mobile users that CDMA is available in a particular region, asopposed to analog service.

CDMA Handoff Matrix

This capability provides data pertaining to handoffs between cells within a systemor between systems. The data includes information about CDMA to CDMA softhandoffs, CDMA to CDMA hard handoffs, or CDMA to AMPS hard handoffs.When analyzed, these handoff counts allow the service providers, in conjunctionwith Lucent Technologies, to determine present system needs as well as CellularNetworking needs.

CDMA Intra-DCS Multiple CDMA CarrierSemisoft Handoff

This feature provides the ability to perform a mobile-assisted or directed handofffrom the current CDMA carrier to any other CDMA carrier (PCS or cellular) withina DCS. This feature provides the ability to perform a mobile-assisted or directedsemi-soft handoff from the current CDMA carrier to another CDMA carrierfrequency (PCS or cellular) within the same band.

Inter-DCS Soft Handoffs

This feature permits the implementation of a soft handoff between multiple DCSsthat are controlled by the same ECP. A soft handoff may include up to four DCSs.Both data and voice calls for integrated and non-integrated vocoder service on aninter-DCS basis are supported via soft handoff.

Intra-DCS Soft Handoffs

This feature permits the implementation of a soft handoff within the same DCS.Both data and voice calls for integrated and non-integrated vocoder service on anintra-DCS basis are supported via soft handoff.

Inter-MSC Originations/Terminations

Inter-MSC terminations are needed by service providers that use more than oneMSC within their system. A connection to the user's home MSC must be madewhen serviced by another MSC within the same system or between systemsnetworked by AUTOPLEX System 1000 Series II proprietary (non-IS-41)

6-18 Issue 3



401-614-010

interfaces, Extended Feature Transparency Network (EFTN)/FeatureTransparency Network (FTN). This feature provides that connection and allowsintersystem networking, origination and termination of calls between MSCs withina system or between networked systems.

Inter-MSC Soft Handoff

This feature permits the implementation of a soft handoff between multiple MScs.A soft handoff may encompass up to four MSCs. Both data and voice calls forintegrated and non-integrated vocoder service on an inter-MSC basis aresupported via soft handoff.

Inter-MSC Soft Handoff Phase II

This feature offers the following additional soft handoff capabilities:

■ Soft handoff features that fall into the category of handoff restriction.

■ CDMA to analog handoff after inter-MSC soft handoff.

■ Soft handoff features that are non-subscriber oriented.

Inter-SM Soft Handoff

This feature offers soft handoff capability between cell sites that are allocated todifferent SMs within the same 5ESS-2000 DCS.

Increased Neighbor List

This feature increases the size of the neighbor list communicated in messagesbetween the secondary cells and the primary cells. This feature facilitates softhandoffs, which increase the quality of the handoffs.

IS-41 CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff

This feature offers CDMA inter-MSC handoff capability via IS-41C procedures.

IS-41B Global Title Translation

This feature enables service providers to move cellular network routinginformation, such as Point Code (PC) addresses, from the MSC to a networkrouting element, such as Signaling Transfer Point (STP).

Issue 3 6-19




IS-41B Global Unknown Roamers

This feature is used to send global title messages to an STP when a roamdatabase entry does not exist for a subscriber.

IS-41 Inter-MSC PCS-CDMA (1.9 GHz) to AMPs-CDMA (850 MHz) Hard Handoff

This feature provides 1.8 GHz (PCS) and 850 MHz CDMA hard hand-off to aneighboring 850 MHz analog cellular network. The handoff is directed to aneighboring system via a database-directed neighbor list.

IS-41 Rev C

With this feature, Lucent Technologies supports the Intervendor InteroperabilityStandards (IS-41 Revision C) for CDMA. The following list of services aresupported Intersystem, as defined by the IS-41 standard:

■ Registration

■ Call Forwarding (excluding Ping Ring support)

■ Call Waiting

■ 3-Way Calling

■ Subscriber PIN Intercept

■ Authentication

■ Call Delivery.

IS-41N Triggers

This feature provides three triggers that are designed for use with Home LocationRegisters (HLRs), SCPs, and adjunct MSCs, that communicate via IS-41 RevisionC. The three triggers are:

■ Dialed Number Trigger — allows service providers to establish dialingplans which result in an Origination Request being sent to an HLR or SCP,based on the dialed digits. This trigger supports such services as PrivateVirtual Network (PVN) and Directional Yellow Pages.

■ Origination Trigger — allows sending an Origination Request to an HLR orSCP based on call type. This trigger supports such services as AllowedCalling Lists, validation based on call type, and adjunct MSC-basedfeatures such as voice recognition and validation.

6-20 Issue 3



401-614-010

■ Termination Trigger — allows sending Location Request to an HLR or SCPon incoming calls. This trigger supports such subscriber services as Who'sCalling, Single Number Reach and Selective Treatment based on caller.

Multi Carrier Semisoft Handoff

This feature provides the ability to perform a mobile-assisted or directed semisofthandoff from the current CDMA carrier to another CDMA carrier frequency (PCSor cellular) within the same band.

Multiple CDMA Equipped 5ESS-2000 DCS perMSC

This feature supports multiple CDMA-equipped 5ESS-2000 switch DCSs perAUTOPLEX System 1000 MSCs. The ability to process CDMA calls betweenmultiple CDMA-equipped 5ESS-2000 DCSs is supported. This feature givesservice providers added flexibility in configuring their CDMA AUTOPLEX System1000.

Multiple Roamer Class of Service

This feature allows the service provider to assign call restriction, call routing, andsome custom features to non-registered roamers on Number Plan Area (NPA) orNPA-Office Code (NXX) basis.

Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC Extended FeatureTransparency Network (EFTN) and IS-41

CDMA will support EFTN and CDMA will support portions of IS-41.

Multiple Systems - Multi-MSC FeatureTransparency Network (FTN)

CDMA will support FTN proprietary feature.

Roamer Only Roamer Access Number

This feature allows service providers to restrict the user of roamer accessnumbers to calls terminating to only true roamers or home subscribers when theyare outside their home Cellular Geographic Service Area (CGSA).

Issue 3 6-21




This feature prevents home subscribers from being reached through a roameraccess number when they are in their home CGSA. The call will be routed to adesignated announcement.

Routing Service for Emergency Calls

This feature routes emergency calls to the closest public service answering pointas determined by the locations of the mobile. The location is determined by thesystem based on the cell site and the strongest logical antenna that may be ableto service the subscriber unit.

Special Cellular Networking

This feature provides subscribers the capability to route calls over a special trunkcircuit prior to completing the call.

Variable Width Packet Pipes

This feature supports the variable width packet pipe that allows the serviceprovider to more efficiently use their facility. The packet pipes offered initially arecomposed of 4 DSOs, but in future releases the packet pipes will contain 2, 4, 6,or 8 DSOs. This implementation of variable width packet pipe gives the serviceprovider the flexibility to engineer the trunk facility depending on the traffic patternin their CDMA service offering.

6-22 Issue 3



401-614-010

Network Interconnect Features

The following section describes the network interface features.

5ESS-2000 Switch SS7 Call Signaling

This feature provides 5ESS-2000 Switch SS7 Call Signaling, which is a version ofIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) available on the5ESS-2000 switch DCS. ISUP is part of the communication protocol used on thedata link SS7 network, which can be used for the network trunks connecting theMobile Switching Center (MSC) and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)Tandem Offices, PSTN End Offices and the Interexchange Carrier (IXC).

Carrier Access Code Restriction

This feature checks the carrier access code dialed to see if the subscriber has apayment agreement (is pre-subscribed) with the Interexchange Carrier (IXC). Ifthe subscriber is not pre-subscribed, the call is not completed.

Carrier Selection

This feature allows the service provider to assign subscriber selected carriers forlong distance calls by providing equal access to the network.

EIA Compatibility

The Electronics Industries Association Function Code Dialing feature expands thecapability of cellular feature codes (*XX) and adds the capability of cellular servicecodes, for example, *N11 codes that are separate from the standard N11 dialingsequences.

End Office Appearance

This feature is a feature package that allows the AUTOPLEX System 1000 toconnect directly to InterLATA Carrier (IC) switches, combined InterLATA/International Carrier (IC/INC) switches, Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) switches,and Access Tandem (AT) switches.

Issue 3 6-23




E1 Compatibility

This feature supports the E1 interface at cell sites for introduction to internationalmarkets.

Feature Group D Customer Identification CodeExpansion

This feature allows the AUTOPLEX System 1000 to recognize and process four-digit Carrier Identification Codes (CIC).

Operator Services Signaling

This feature makes it possible for service providers to offer their customers accessto many of the same services offered by wireline Operator Service Systems.

Special Routing

This feature provides the capability to route calls through specific loop-aroundtrunks without compromising other routing options.

Tandem Trunk Switching

This feature provides the AUTOPLEX System 1000 with a way to route calls fromone DCS to another DCS over directly connected voice trunks without the use ofdata links.

Operations, Administration andMaintenance Features

The following section describes the operations, administration and maintenancefeatures.

Alarm Summary Print

This feature allows a technician to obtain status of certain alarmed equipment byentering a single technician interface input message from the maintenanceterminal. In response to the alarm summary print request, the system generates

6-24 Issue 3



401-614-010

an output message which will report all off-normal application alarms from theExecutive Cellular Processor (ECP), Call Processing/Database Nodes (CDNs),DCS and cell sites.

CDMA Basic Diagnostics/Translations

This feature provides basic capability of operations support for the following newunits:

■ DS1 Packet pipes

■ CDMA Channel Units

■ CDMA Cluster Control (controls channel units)

■ Baseband Combiner Radio Unit (BBA)

■ Bus Interface Unit

■ Analog Conversion Unit

■ Enhanced Reference Frequency Generator with Global Positioning System

■ Synchronous Clock and Tone Unit (SCT replaces Clock and Tone Unit)

■ Digital Facilities Interface.

CRTU Performance Monitoring and FaultLocalization Phase 1

This feature consists of the CDMA Special Purpose Channels Functional Test,which can be executed in a routine mode to support performance monitoring andin a demand mode to support fault isolation.This feature also contains the TrafficPath Functional Test, which can be used to perform a basic connectivity testacross an entire CDMA traffic channel path and to verify basic traffic channelfunctionality for all CDMA channel elements equipped in a cell site.

CRTU Performance Monitoring and FaultIsolation Phase II

This feature consists of the following tests that are able to be executed in a routinemode to support performance monitoring and in a demand mode to support faultisolation.

■ Pilot Channel Measurements and Test — provides a numericalmeasurement of the pilot strength.

Issue 3 6-25




Database Survey

This feature allows the user to query the application databases and to extractspecific information. An example of a query would be to identify all the subscribersin a particular cellular geographic service area who have the call waiting feature.

Immediate Call Trace

This feature allows the technician to specify either a mobile Directory Number(DN) or a radio channel to trace all parties involved in an active call.

Long Call Detection

This feature provides specific information pertaining to possible long-durationcalls. Whenever a call ends and it exceeds the interval specified, a TechnicianInterface (TI) output message will be generated.

Mobile Station Test - MOST

This feature provides installation and maintenance personnel the capability to testcall processing functions and their interface with the subscriber unit. There arefour separate tests available with MOST. They are:

■ Forced handoff

■ Subscriber release and system call back

■ System forced release and system call back route list selector

■ Audit.

User Talk Mobile Station - UTMOST

This feature is an enhancement to the MOST feature. The UTMOST featureenhancement allows a technician to establish a two-way audio connection throughthe DCS to another telephone while using the MOST feature.

Multiple Systems Subscriber Administration

This feature aids the service provider who administers subscriber data on multipleMSCs.

6-26 Issue 3



401-614-010

In multiple systems offices, this feature will provide a warning message to thetechnician that the Number Plan Area (NPA), NPA-NXXX, or NPA-NXX-X, enteredfor the subscriber is also entered in the ROAM database indicating that thesubscriber may not be home on this MSC.

OMP Cellular Network Analyzer

This tool gives field support personnel the ability to examine in real time inter-MSC and Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) messages on X.25,SS7 or BX.25 links between the MSCs.

OMP DCS Translations Hardcopy

This feature allows the service provider to obtain an up-to-date copy of the moredynamic DCS translations. This feature exists on the Operations andManagement Platform (OMP), which provides access to hardcopy menus.

Programmable Treatment Routing

This feature allows service providers to route calls to a specific destination afterany tone or announcement is received that denies service to a mobile originatedcall. The destination can be any valid mobile or landline number and is specifiedon a per DCS basis.

Operator Call Restrictions Announcement

This feature routes calls that are denied because they must be placed through anoperator to an announcement that tells the caller to contact an operator. Theservice provider can restrict the types of calls that their cellular subscribers canplace or receive. Calls are restricted according to the class of service to which acustomer subscribes.

Orthogonal Channel Noise Source

This feature produces Radio Frequency (RF) noise that simulates CDMA traffic ata specified level so that actual CDMA system capacity can be measured in thefield with actual background noise and other RF radiation.

Issue 3 6-27




Primary Alarm Clock

As an enhancement to the DS-1 outage/restore messages, this feature gives theservice provider an explicit message that a primary or secondary clock has beenlost or restored. This feature also tells the service provider if the switch is runningon its internal clock (due to primary or secondary clock loss).

Selectable Cell Site Messaging

This feature allows technicians to have output message associated with aparticular cell site routed back to their teletype (TTY) terminals. This applies tocell-related output messages generated in response to a manual input request aswell as output messages generated autonomously by the system.

Selectable Paging Tone

This feature allows the service provider to provide a standard or customized toneto a calling party while the mobile is being paged. When the mobile responds,normal ringing is provided to the calling party.

Service Measurements

This feature provides service measurements that review the performance of theCDMA system in terms of established calls, lost calls, handoffs complete, processOCC, ten second count, and cell and MSC blocking.

Service Measurements Report Generator

This feature allows reports which are based on hourly service measurements datato be generated according to a user-provided template.

The template is a UNIX1 system ASCII file that specifies exactly what the outputreport will look like and consists of the following:

■ Labels

■ Names of SM counts

■ Control statements.

1 UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries,licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Ltd.

6-28 Issue 3



401-614-010

SMRT produces a report as specified in the input template. The report generatorallows SM data from any of the last 24 hours to be incorporated into such reports.

Subscriber and System Errors to Announcement

This feature provides the service providers with the ability to route and customizeannouncements for subscriber dialing errors and system errors instead of sendingreorder or intercept tones.

Subscriber Form Activity Print

This feature allows the service provider to track all insertions and updates tosubscriber records performed at the MSC. Messages describing subscriberactivity can be routed to an output device.

Subscriber Loopback Test

This feature offers a remote method for a subscriber to run a diagnostic test toverify the integrity of a mobile station without going to a service center or requiringspecial mobile equipment.

System Integrity Improvements Phase 1

This feature will enhance the capabilities of operations support for the followingnew units:

■ DS1 Packet Pipes

■ CDMA Channel Units

■ CDMA Cluster Controller

■ Baseband Combiner Radio Unit

■ Bus Interface Unit

■ Analog Conversion Unit

■ Enhanced Reference Frequency Generator with Global Positioning System

■ Synchronous Clock and Tone Unit

■ Digital Facilities Interface

Issue 3 6-29




TTY Number Display

This feature is provided to help technicians associate an input/output message asseen on the Read Only Printer (ROP), with the originating port that triggered themessage.

Text Recent Change/Verify

This feature allows the service provider to use Recent Change to specify theclasses of mobile units that will be permitted to attempt calls when overloadaccess controls are active at a cell site.

User Defined Cell Site Alarms

This feature provides a method for changing the assignment of alarm scan pointsassociated with the Alarm Interface (AI)/Alarm Factory and Installation TestSystem Interface (FITS) board (AI/AFI) at the cell site.

Service Quality Features

The following section describes the service quality features.

8 Kbps Vocoder

This feature supports an IS-96A 8 Kbps variable rate vocoder. A vocoder is part ofthe 5ESS-2000 switch DCS and is a component necessary to support CDMA. Thevocoder converts encoded compressed voice packets to Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) voice samples and back. This process provides exceptional voice qualityfor cellular calls.

13 Kbps Vocoding Service

This feature offers the 13 Kbps vocoding hardware and service on a system basis(non-integrated with any other vocoder options). The CDMA 13 Kbps variable ratevocoder capability allows voice channel traffic to be transmitted at a high rate toprovide premium voice quality as compared to the IS-96A 8 Kbps vocoder.

6-30 Issue 3



401-614-010

13 Kbps Channel Element Unit (TCU) Support

This feature supports the 13 Kbps Channel Element Unit (TCU). Each CE iscapable of performing the modulation/demodulation of a CDMA channel. TheTCU is capable of supporting both the 8 Kbps and 13 Kbps vocoding.

CDMA Enhanced Variable Rate Coding (EVRC)Vocoding

This feature allows the AUTOPLEX System to accept and process CDMA callsemploying the Enhanced Variable Rate Coding (EVRC) voice coding algorithm.EVRC is an enhanced 8 Kbps vocoding algorithm providing significantly improvedvoice quality. With EVRC calls, the mobile user will experience better voice qualityand the service provider will improve call capacity and lower overall costs.

Integrated Multi-rate/Multi-type Vocoder Service

This feature allows the control and flexibility for a single AUTOPLEX System 1000(per MSC) to support different vocoder algorithms. Control to handle differentalgorithms with the flexibility to support at least two vocoder rates/types per MSCis provided. This feature handles the negotiation of vocoder service both on aninter-MSC and intra-MSC basis.

Craft Forced Channel Element Handoff

This feature supports the forced handoff of mobiles by a technician to anyspecified channel element.

High Density CCU (HCU)

This feature supports the High Density CCU Unit (HCU). The HCU supports moreCDMA Channel Elements (CEs) because each CE is capable of performing themodulation/demodulation of a CDMA channel. The HCU is capable of supportingboth the 8 Kbps and 13 Kbps vocoding and will support 8 CEs.

Power Control

This feature controls the power transmitted from the mobiles to the cell site to helpequalize the receive signal levels. The power control works in both the forwardand reverse directions. As a result, this feature increases capacity and improvesperformance.

Issue 3 6-31




Radio Frequency (RF) Call Trace

This feature will report signal strength information for a test mobile as measuredon all antenna faces of the cell sites included in an RF Call Trace study. With thisfeature, a system operator will be able to make periodic signal strengthmeasurements in a specified single Directory Number in a cluster of up to eightpre-specified cell sites. In addition, the operator may specify options by cell site,periodic measurement intervals and duration of the study.

Markov 8 Kbps/Markov 13 Kbps Service Option

Markov 8/13 performance testing is critical for evaluating CDMA systemperformance both during early deployment and for ongoing maintenance. TheMarkov Service Option can test each link independently and provides the testengineer with more accurate real-time information on the link performance.

Soft Handoff

This feature provides the ability to support soft handoff between 2 or 3 cells withthe same vocoder and same carrier.

Softer Handoff

This feature provides a handoff handled entirely within a cell by one channelelement between a cell's sectors. This softer handoff is transparent to the MSC. Itis a “make before break” type of handoff, resulting in a relatively high transmissionquality. The AUTOPLEX System's interconnection of a multi-sectored cell's CDMAradios allows for a single channel element to accomplish a handoff betweensectors.

Subscriber Call Quality Rating

This feature provides the ability to collect a customer rating of voice quality while acall is in progress.

Subscriber Control of Special Routing

This feature allows the customers to use special codes to select one of thedifferent routing circuits available on a per-call basis.

6-32 Issue 3



401-614-010

Virtual System Features

The following section describes the virtual system features.

Virtual Systems

This feature allows a service provider to treat a given system as multiple systemsfor the purpose of processing calls and maintaining the system. This featureallows a service provider to partition a large system consisting of cell sites,network interface trunks and possibly DCSs that are attached to an existing hostsystem or another virtual system, into smaller systems.

Virtual System AMA Event Recording

With the increased use of resale of voice radio air time to service providers, thereis a need to generate AMA records for segments of a call when different serviceproviders share the same switch. This feature allows AMA to mark Virtual Systemboundaries with AMA event records during a cellular call. The event recorded bythis feature is the intra-DCS handoff involving virtual switches on a single physicalDCS when the switch boundary requires the recorded event.

Virtual System Call Routing

This feature provides the ability to define multiple systems within on AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 for the purpose of controlling originations, terminations and handoffson a subscriber basis. In addition, calls originated on different cells attached to thesame DCS may be routed to different network interface points.

Virtual System Input Message Restriction

This feature allows the system administrator to restrict or allow certain inputmessages on a per-terminal basis. This feature applies to all cell and DCS inputmessages.

Virtual System Output Message Routing

This feature allows the service provider to route cell and DCS output message tospecific devices and/or log files.

Issue 3 6-33




Virtual System RC/V Access

This feature allows the host system administrator to give virtual systemtechnicians the ability to insert, update, review and delete the following forms intheir respective virtual systems:

■ Subscriber (sub)

■ Location (loc)

■ Face Code Information (fci)

■ Cell (cell)

Virtual System Tones and Announcements

This feature allows the service providers to define call treatment (tones/announcements) on a virtual switch basis.

Planning for the Future

Lucent Technologies is committed to offering new features and services that willexpand revenue-generating opportunities as well as performance-relatedenhancements that will allow full optimization of your Lucent Technologieswireless (AUTOPLEX, Cellular CDMA) systems. Those areas that have alreadybeen identified through our customer feature process include the following:

■ Data — Its ever-expanding boundaries know no limits in impacting ourbusiness and personal lives. Lucent Technologies is at the forefront of thistechnology in its commitment to deliver what our customers need.

■ Multimedia — Already influencing our lives in ways we never dreamed,Lucent Technologies believes this powerful arena of wireless CellularCDMA features will exceed our customer's expectations.

■ OA&M — Quality has been the focus in the delivery of each LucentTechnologies wireline and wireless system. We will continue to dedicateourselves to delivering the highest quality systems that you expect.

■ Standards — These regulatory guidelines have been shaping the directionof wireless for over the past 10 years. Lucent Technologies has been andwill continue to lead the effort in its support and delivery of standards whichbest serve our customer's needs.

■ Intelligent Network — This singular platform has already delivered powerfullandline features in the network. WIth its wireless capabilities, the sky is thelimit in what our customers will deliver to their customers.

6-34 Issue 3



401-614-010

■ Wireline/Wireless — Lucent Technologies continues to be the only wirelesssystem provider that delivers dual functionality through our 5ESS switch toour wireline and wireless customers. This competitive edge will continue toexpand as he wireless industry develops and grows.

■ CDMA Cellular Auxiliary for PCS (CAPCS) — This new application forCDMA combines cellular and landline capabilities to address the need tocombine in-building landline service access and billing and cellular service.Our phased approach to this will begin with the use of RF repeaters incombination with in-building distribution systems.

Subsequently, we will use a full complement of RF distribution methods,including radios and antennas over fiber and coax cables. Finally, we willsupport private, macro-cellular networked systems with soft handoff to andfrom private systems.

Lucent Technologies Network Systems will continue to capitalize on the power ofthe 5ESS call processing architecture to deliver powerful end-to-end solutions. Itis our commitment as a CDMA and PCS industry leader to deliver a robustportfolio of residential and business services which will provide our customers thecompetitive edge to ensure their success.

Contents

Issue 3 7-i



7Lucent Technologies CDMA CallProcessing

Call Processing 7-1

Call Processing Elements 7-1

Dynamic Power Control 7-2

Handoffs 7-2

Handoff Types 7-3

■ CDMA Soft Handoff 7-4■ 2-Way and 3-Way Soft Handoff 7-4■ Softer Handoff 7-4■ Hard Handoff 7-4

Roaming 7-5

7-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 7-1



7Lucent Technologies CDMA CallProcessing

Call Processing

CDMA affects all phases of call processing, including call origination, calltermination, handoffs, and call release.

Call processing functions for the Lucent Technologies CDMA application arecontrolled by the Series II cell site and the Executive Cellular Processor Complex(ECPC).

Call Processing Elements

The MSC, the Series II cell sites, and the mobile units make up the elementsrequired for call processing.

The MSC is equipped with switching and interface equipment and provides all thecellular network switching required to process calls to and from the cellularsubscriber. The MSC also provides the cellular interface to the standardtelephone network.

The cell site contains the necessary radio and associated control equipment tolink the cellular subscriber, through the MSC, into the standard telephone networkand to other cellular subscribers.

7-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Mobile units can be either hand-held (portable) units or vehicle-mounted units.Both types contain a microprocessor that continually performs operations andcommunications with the cell sites, even when the mobile unit is not in use.

Dynamic Power Control

Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is a key component of the Lucent TechnologiesCDMA product, essential for increased capacity and improved performance.

In a cellular environment, mobile phone users nearest the cell site can mask thesignals from the mobiles farther away. The DPC controls the power transmittedfrom the mobiles to the cell site to help equalize the received signal levels. Thetransmitted power from each mobile is controlled so that all received signals arrivewith equal power at the cell site. DPC works in both the forward and reversedirections.

Handoffs

A handoff is an automatic transfer of a cellular telephone call from:

■ one cell to another,

■ one cell face to another, or

■ one radio to another.

Call quality is maintained as the mobile user moves throughout the coverage area.Handoffs are initiated when the mobile unit measures a neighbor cell’s pilot signal(receive) power, and determines that this power level is above an acceptablethreshold. The mobile unit or the ECPC, depending on handoff type, initiates thehandoff processes necessary to maintain the clarity and quality of the phone call.

Issue 3 7-3



Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing

Figure 7-1. Soft Handoff

Handoff Types

The Lucent Technologies CDMA system will support the following types ofhandoffs:

■ Soft handoff (both 2-way and 3-way soft handoff)

■ Softer handoff

■ Hard handoff — CDMA-to-analog

MS Measures SignalStrengths of CDMA Pilots

from Serving CS andNeighbors

Neighbor YCell SIte

Neighbor XCell Site

ServingCell Site

MS

MSC

PSTN

7-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

CDMA Soft Handoff

A major advantage to call processing in the CDMA system is the concept of softhandoffs. A soft handoff is an intercell handoff, providing uninterrupted speechcontinuity while the mobile is moving from one cell site to another. The mobileunit’s transmit power is continuously monitored and controlled by the basestations involved in the handoff and is kept to a minimum. The net effects of thisare increases in the capacity of the system and the coverage of the cells. Thismonitoring also greatly reduces the battery power used by the mobile, extendingbattery life. (See Figure 7-1 on page 7-3.)

A soft handoff is essentially a “make before break” connection. The connectionbetween the mobile unit and the cell site is established and may be maintainedindefinitely to the two or three cells serving the call. There is no drop off betweenor among cells. The Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV) board in the 5ESS-2000Switch DCS selects, on a frame by frame basis, the best signal from theparticipating cells to feed the vocoder. This provides a very high quality voicetransmission.

2-Way and 3-Way Soft Handoff

A 2-way or 3-way soft handoff is one in which a mobile unit is communicating withtwo or three cells at the same time.

Softer Handoff

A softer handoff is an intracell handoff, occurring between sectors of a two sectoror three sector “sub-cell.” This type of handoff occurs only at the cell site and isindependent of the MSC. When a call is in softer handoff, the second connectionto the requested call circuit is made before the original connection is broken. Themobile will communicate with only one CDMA Channel Element (CE), whichhandles and combines the signals from both sectors. Softer handoffs will improvetrunking efficiency and provide improved switch performance.

Hard Handoff

A hard handoff (as compared with a soft handoff) is essentially a “break beforemake” connection. The cell hands off the mobile unit’s call to another cell and thendrops the call. This is the traditional handoff method for analog and TDMA callprocessing. Hard handoffs and CDMA-to-analog handoffs are performed by theECPC.

Issue 3 7-5



Lucent Technologies CDMA Call Processing

A CDMA-to-analog handoff can occur between cells within the same system, aswell as with cells from different vendors. This type of handoff occurs when the dualmode (both analog and digital capability) CDMA mobile unit is instructed tochange its mode from CDMA to analog during a call. Consequently, the assignedFrame Selector is removed from the call configuration.

Roaming

Roaming is a term used to describe a cellular telephone operating outside itshome calling area. Roaming across geographic areas is accomplished byintersystem networking.

7-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 8-i



8Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000Digital Cellular Switch (DCS)

Introduction 8-1

Description of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-1

■ Capabilities of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-2■ 5ESS-2000 Switch Alternatives 8-3■ Utilizing Existing DCSs 8-3

Hardware Components of the5ESS-2000 Switch DCS 8-4

■ Administrative Module (AM) 8-4■ Communications Module (CM) 8-5■ Switching Module (SM and SM-2000) 8-5

New Components for CDMA 8-6

■ Packet Switching Unit 8-6Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV) 8-7Protocol Handler 4 (PH4) 8-7Protocol Handler for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (PHA) 8-7PSU Packet Bus 8-7

■ Variable Rate Vocoder 8-7

Advantages of Using the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCSwith CDMA 8-8

■ Packet Pipe Structure 8-8■ Packet Pipe Architecture and Call Processing 8-8■ Facilities Concentration 8-9■ Facilities Utilization 8-9

8-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 8-1



8Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000Digital Cellular Switch (DCS)

Introduction

This chapter describes the benefits of the 5ESS-2000 switch Digital CellularSwitch (DCS) and provides an overview of the hardware components needed forCDMA.

Description of the 5ESS-2000 SwitchDCS

The 5ESS-2000 switch provides the switching fabric that manages theconnectivity between the cell sites, ECPC and the various networks (LEC, IEC,Private, Signaling, Wireless Intelligent Networks, etc.).

The 5ESS-2000 switch is globally deployed and a proven veteran in landlinenetworks. Designed for heavy traffic, the 5ESS switch’s high capacity, non-blocking switching fabric is optimized for efficient call handling. It offers superiorreliability and every system needed for switching and control can be fullyduplicated and “hot-spared,” allowing backup components to enter serviceinstantly, if necessary.

Integrating the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS as part of the AUTOPLEX System 1000 isbeneficial for the following reasons:

■ The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS is a high capacity digital switch designed for avariety of landline and wireless switching applications.

8-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

■ It provides switching capabilities for both landline and wireless networksystems simultaneously. This allows service providers to use a singleswitch to administer, maintain and update rather than two, and provides forreduced floor space and power requirements.

■ It has a modular architecture. It can be deployed in anywhere from thesmallest to largest applications, with smooth easy growth (or evendegrowth) between deployments of any size.This protects your initialinvestment by allowing for cost efficient upgrades.

■ All equipment involved in switching and control is duplicated for continuousavailability and reliability.

■ It offers a variety of network interfaces.

■ There is no service interruption for software updates.

■ The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS offers an excellent platform for future LucentTechnologies Intelligent Network (AIN) services.

Capabilities of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS

The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS has been designed with capabilities that allow it totake maximum advantage of the rapidly changing technologies. The 5ESS-2000Switch DCS

■ Offers highly reliable switching capabilities because of its duplicatedarchitecture.

■ Accommodates both wired and wireless offices (in global markets wherethis is allowed) of varying sizes because it is designed for modular growth.

■ Provides a centralized high-bandwidth interface to support packetizedsignaling messages and packet data switching. This packet-switchingcapability allows more efficient use of resources within the DCS, as well asthe ability to perform soft handoffs.

■ Performs Speech Handler Channel administration and selection.

■ Utilizes a Protocol Handler for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (PHA) whichprovides communication between PSU2s, allowing a greater percentage ofsoft handoffs, thereby increasing the voice quality.

Issue 3 8-3



Lucent Technologies 5ESS®–2000 Digital Cellular

5ESS-2000 Switch Alternatives

Based on a common software and distributed hardware architecture, the 5ESS-2000 switch platform supports the following three sizes of the 5ESS-2000 switch:

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch Digital Cellular Switch (DCS) — flagship of the platform

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch Compact Digital Exchange (CDX) — reduced capacityconfiguration of the 5ESS-2000 switch DCS

■ 5ESS-2000 Switch Very Compact Digital Exchange (VCDX) — small,reduced capacity version of the 5ESS-2000 switch DCS.

There are also three remoting vehicles

■ Remote Switching Module (RSM)

■ Optical Remote Modular (ORM)

■ Extended Switch Module 2000 (EXM-2000).

Utilizing Existing DCSs

The 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS can coexist with an existing Definity®DCS1 withinthe same AUTOPLEX System 1000. Existing DCSs can be used as hub switchesfor CDMA cell sites. In this arrangement, CDMA traffic is routed to the MSC’s5ESS-2000 Switch for processing and routing to the PSTN. Analog and TDMAprocessing can remain on your existing DCSs. By protecting your investment inDCS equipment, you not only save money, but you assure uninterrupted serviceto your existing analog, TDMA, and Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)subscribers. This traffic can be migrated to the 5ESS-2000 Switch when it isconvenient and only if the need exists in the network.

1 CDMA is not supported on Definity DCSs.

8-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Hardware Components of the5ESS-2000 Switch DCS

The major hardware components of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS include theAdministrative Module (AM), the Communications Module (CM), and theSwitching Modules (SMs). See Figure 8-1 on page 8-4.

Figure 8-1. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS Components

Administrative Module (AM)

The Administrative Module (AM) provides switch maintenance, administration,traffic measurements, and network management. The AM includes a 3B21Dprocessor, which is a highly reliable, fault-tolerant, duplex computer. See Figure 8-2 on page 8-5.

TRUNKS

Administrative

Module

Trunks

Communication

Module

SwitchingModule 1

Control

SwitchingModule N

TRUNKS

Issue 3 8-5




Figure 8-2. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS Administrative Module

Communications Module (CM)

The Communications Module (CM) provides fiber optic interconnections to theSwitching Modules (SMs) or SM-2000s2. In addition, the CM switches networkdata, voice, and control messages, and distributes timing and synchronization.

Switching Module (SM and SM-2000)

The Switching Module (SM) provides switching functionality and voiceconnectivity to the PSTN and the cell sites. The SM contains the new componentsnecessary to support CDMA: the Packet Switching Unit, including the PSU PacketBus, the Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV), the Frame Relay Protocol Handler(FRPH), and the Protocol Handler for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (PHA). SeeFigure 8-3 on page 8-6.

The SM terminates lines and trunks and provides service circuits. SMs or SM-2000s can be added to an in-service office to meet growth needs.

2 SM-2000 is the new switching module introduced in the 5E9(2) software release.

Input/OutputProcessor

Administrative Module

3B21D

Data Links for

Centralized

Operations and OS

Craft Interface

• Terminals

• Printers

• Tape

AdministrativeProcessor

Disk

8-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

New Components for CDMA

To support CDMA, the AUTOPLEX System 1000 MSC must have a 5ESS-2000Switch DCS as one of its switching elements. The 5ESS-2000 DCS must beequipped with a Packet Switching Unit 2 (PSU2), a CDMA Protocol Handler forVoice (PHV), and a Protocol Handler 4 (PH4) to support the Frame Relay ProtocolHandler (FRPH) function. These components are the new and requiredcomponents for supporting CDMA on the AUTOPLEX System 1000.

Figure 8-3. 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS CDMA Components

Packet Switching Unit

The Packet Switching Unit (PSU) contains the PSU Packet Bus, and the threecircuit packs: the PHV, the PH4, and the PHA. The PSU handles CDMA traffic toand from the CDMA mobile unit through the cell site. The 5ESS Switching Module(SM or SM-2000) provides an interface to a single PSU.

Collectively, the PH4, PHV, PHA, and the PSU provide the packet switchingplatform for the CDMA packet traffic.

Administrative Module (AM)

Communications Module (CM)

Switching Module (SM)

PSTN

DLTU

DLTU

TSIU DSU

Bus

SMProcessor

PHVPH4

Packet Switching Unit (PSU)

PHATo Another

SM PSU

Trunks

Packet Pipe

Series IICell Site

Issue 3 8-7




Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV)

The PHV encodes and decodes the compressed packetized speech fortransmitting and receiving from the CDMA mobile unit through the cell site. ThePHV contains a vocoder which converts the packetized speech to 64 Kbps voiceand vice versa. Up to 12 simultaneous CDMA calls can be supported by eachPHV.

In addition, the PHV performs frame selection operations. During soft-handoff, acall can be “live” on up to three cells. The PHV selects the best signal from theparticipating cell sites to convert into digitized voice.

Protocol Handler 4 (PH4)

The PH4 supports the Frame Relay Protocol Handler (FRPH) function thatprovides the interface between the packet pipe and the packet bus. The PH4terminates the CDMA packet pipes from the CDMA cell sites and routes themover the packet bus. See Figure 8-3 on page 8-6.

Protocol Handler for Asynchronous TransferMode (PHA)

The PHA provides an interconnect vehicle between multiple PSUs. The PHAconnects a PH4 in one PSU to a PHV in another PSU.

PSU Packet Bus

The PSU Packet Bus provides communication path between the PH4, PHV andPHA.

Variable Rate Vocoder

The vocoder provides the functionality to convert encoded compressed voicepackets to Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) voice samples and back. This processprovides voice quality comparable to that of landline, and also increases callcapacity for a given spectrum allocation.

A variable rate vocoder transmits voice packets of various sizes over the network.The size of the voice packet depends on the level of speech activity. Voice iscoded at a higher data rate when speech is present, and at various lower rateswhen the party is listening or pausing between syllables and sentences. TheLucent Technologies CDMA product offering includes either an 8 Kbps or a 13Kbps variable rate vocoder on a given PHV.

8-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

The 5ESS-2000 switch DCS can support either type of vocoder. In addition, the5ESS-2000 Switch DCS provides a flexible platform that can support new voicealgorithms that may be standardized in the future. The ECPC notifies the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS as to the type of service (8 Kbps or 13 Kbps) needed whenrequesting a speech handler channel. In the future, the 5ESS-2000 DCS will beable to support both types of vocoders simultaneously.

In the future, a variable rate multi-mode vocoder will be available. The multi-modefeature allows a service provider to limit the speech coder’s average rate, allowingbetter control of system loading.

Advantages of Using the 5ESS-2000Switch DCS with CDMA

There are many advantages to having the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS as part of yoursystem, including the CDMA packet pipe structure, the facilities concentration, thefacilities utilization, vocoder centralization, and inter-switch connectivity for MSCsoft handoff.

Packet Pipe Structure

Transmission trunking for CDMA traffic between the cell site and the MSC occurson a wideband channel called a packet pipe. The packet pipe is a logical groupingof DS0s within the DS1. The DS0 is a single 64 Kbps (or 56 Kbps) time slice on aT1 and/or E1 trunking facility. The packet pipe logically terminates at the PH4.

Packet pipes carry CDMA traffic, both voice and data, from the CDMA ClusterController (CCC) to the PSU at the MSC. Using packet pipes for data and voicetransport saves facilities costs for service providers. There is one packet pipe perCCC. The MSC can support up to 5400 CDMA packet pipes.

Packet Pipe Architecture and Call Processing

A packet pipe is comparable to a cell site trunk group in analog or TDMA. A packetpipe is a set of four DS0 channels within a DS1 that carries variable size CDMAtraffic from the cell site. (In the future, the number of DS0s used will range from 2to 8, depending on the bandwidth needed.)

Issue 3 8-9




Table 8-1 on page 8-9 shows the number of simultaneous calls a packet pipe canhandle given the specified parameters. The remaining DS0s on the T1 facility canbe used for trunks, data links, or other packet pipes.

Facilities Concentration

Facility connections between the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS and the Series II cellsite are over packet pipes.Table 8-2 on page 8-9 shows the ratio of conversationsper packet pipe, given the specified parameters.

Facilities Utilization

After processing a call at the Series II cell site, an nx64 Kbps (or nx56 Kbps)packet pipe carried over n DS0s contains the information of as many CDMA userchannels as the bandwidth can support, assuming acceptable delay and blockingcharacteristics. One of the advantages of the 5ESS-2000 DCS is that for allCDMA calls, multiple packet pipes can occupy the same facility, which lowers yourfacilities costs.

Table 8-1. Comparison of Simultaneous Calls per Packet Pipe

Type of Vocoder Type of DS0 Number of Calls

13 Kbps 64 Kbps 10

8 Kbps 64 Kbps 14

13 Kbps 56 Kbps 8

8 Kbps 56Kbps 12

Table 8-2. Comparison of Ratio of Calls per Packet Pipe

Type of Vocoder Type of DS0 Ratio of Calls perPacket Pipe

13 Kbps 64 Kbps 2.5-to-1

8 Kbps 64 Kbps 3.5-to-1

8-10 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 9-i



9Lucent Technologies ExecutiveCellular Processor Complex

Description of the ECPC 9-1

■ Functions of the ECPC 9-1■ How the ECPC Interfaces with Network Components 9-2■ CDMA Impact on Existing AUTOPLEX System 1000 ECPC 9-2

ECPC Components 9-2

■ 3B21D Processor 9-3Input/Output Processor (IOP) 9-3Central Processor Unit (CPU) 9-3Memory Stores 9-4Disk File Controller 9-4

■ ECPC Software 9-4■ CNI/IMS Ring 9-4

CDN 9-5ACDN 9-6CSN 9-6DLN 9-6SS7 9-6ECPC/Cell Interface 9-6ECPC/DCS Interface 9-7ECPC to Other Vendors’ System Interface 9-7

9-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 9-1



9Lucent Technologies ExecutiveCellular Processor Complex

Description of the ECPC

The Executive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC) controls the operation of theAUTOPLEX System 1000. It interacts with the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS and withthe cell sites and other AUTOPLEX or other vendor systems through messagessent over data links. The ECPC is responsible for mobility management, callprocessing, system maintenance, technician interfaces, and system integrity.

There are no new hardware additions to the ECPC for the CDMA applications.Standard AUTOPLEX System 1000 hardware is used. Software has beenmodified to provide CDMA functionality and the requisite OA&M interfaces to theECPC to perform the call processing functions and to control CDMA OA&Mfunctions.

Functions of the ECPC

The ECPC coordinates the actions of the main system elements (for example, thecell sites and the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS) and provides the main interface tosystem operations and maintenance through the OMP. The ECP performs thefollowing functions:

9-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

■ Charge Recording — The ECP collects billing information from each CallProcessing and Database Node (CDN) and stores it on mass mediastorage.

■ Data Collection — The ECP performs scheduled measurements of majorsystem elements and reports variations from standard levels of operation.Standard peripheral interfaces such as the OMP, Video Display Terminals(VDTs), and printers provide the human-machine interface for reporting themeasurements or system alarms to the Service Provider’s maintenanceand administration personnel.

■ Database Management: The ECP stores the databases that define systemhardware, operation parameters and customer subscriber information. Inconjunction with the OMP, or the RC/V terminal, changes can be made tothese databases via RC/V procedures

■ Voice Channel Administration — Voice Channel Administration ofAUTOPLEX System 1000 cell sites is performed by the ECP. All other callprocessing operations are under the control of Interprocess MessageSwitch (IMS) CDNs.

How the ECPC Interfaces with NetworkComponents

The ECPC interfaces directly with the Series II cell site and with the 5ESS-2000Switch DCS. The ECPC is also able to interface with other vendors’ systems overSignaling System 7 (SS7) signaling links.

CDMA Impact on Existing AUTOPLEX System1000 ECPC

The impact of CDMA on the existing AUTOPLEX System 1000 ECPC hardwarearchitecture is minimal. The basic components and functionality will remain thesame. A CDMA cell may connect to a 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS for CDMA trafficand remain connected to a Definity DCS for AMPS and TDMA.

ECPC Components

The main hardware component of the ECPC is the Lucent Technologies 3B21Dprocessor computer which contains the Input/Output Processor (IOP), the CentralProcessor Unit (CPU), the memory stores, and the disk file controller. The 3B21Dprocessor and its parts are described in the following section.

Issue 3 9-3



Lucent Technologies Executive Cellular Processor

3B21D Processor

The 3B21D is a fault-tolerant processor that has up to 256 Megabytes (MB) ofphysical memory with two expansion slots for growth. The CPU, the main memorystores, and much of the input/output processing is duplicated for backup purposesand high reliability.

The 3B21D uses the same software base as its predecessor, the LucentTechnologies 3B20D processor. It maintains the 3B20D application interface,peripherals, and tool set, but consumes less power, generates less heat, andemits less acoustical noise than the 3B20D.

NOTE:CDMA is compatible with your existing 3B20D, but for better performance, anupgrade to the 3B21D is recommended.

Input/Output Processor (IOP)

The Input/Output Processor (IOP) serves as the interface between severalperipheral controllers and the CPU. It acts as the hub connecting up to 16microprocessor-based peripheral controllers to the CPU. Each peripheralcontroller is programmed to handle up to four peripheral devices, such as userterminals and data sets. This distributed processing makes the 3B21D efficientand flexible. The IOP helps to free up the CPU for non-I/O tasks.

The IOP provides the following:

■ An interface between terminals, data links, small peripheral units, and theCPU.

■ An autonomous input/output function through the Direct Memory Access(DMA) into the main memory store facility.

■ Autonomous controls for the transfer of data blocks to and from peripheraldevices.

■ Buffering and data formatting as required by the different peripheraldevices.

■ A common software driver for all of the IOP peripherals.

■ A duplicated processor frame for reliability.

Central Processor Unit (CPU)

The Central Processor Unit (CPU) provides high speed control functions, such aslogic, control, and arithmetic processes as required by the 3B21D. The CPU has aduplicated processor frame for reliability.

9-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Memory Stores

The memory stores are controlled by the CPU. The CPU uses the memory storesto store programs while they are being executed and data while it is beingprocessed. The memory stores are also duplicated for reliability.

Disk File Controller

The disk file controller controls up to eight disk drives. This disk file system is asecondary storage system that contains a backup of all system software.Information from the disk file controller is transferred to the main memory storeswhen needed by the CPU. The disk file controller is duplicated for reliability.

ECPC Software

The ECPC software includes the following capabilities:

■ Call processing.

■ Initialization, recovery, and overload.

■ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M).

■ Measurements information, including performance analysis and servicemeasurements.

■ System configuration information, such as Home Location Register (HLR)and Visitor Location Register (VLR), and the number of cell sites, packetpipes, and channel elements required.

■ Status display pages.

■ Translations and database Recent Change and Verify (RC/V).

CNI/IMS Ring

The CNI/IMS Ring supports a number of nodes such as the SS7 node forsignaling and a pair of Direct Link Nodes (DLNs) for connecting the ECPC to the5ESS-2000 Switch DCS. See Figure 9-1 on page 9-5.

The CNI/IMS Ring consists of two cabinets — a Ring Node cabinet and a DigitalFacilities Access (DFA) cabinet.

There are no anticipated changes necessary to the CNI/IMS Ring to supportCDMA.

Issue 3 9-5




Figure 9-1. AUTOPLEX System 1000 Control Complex

CDN

The CDN is one of the nodes on the CNI/IMS Ring. The minimum Ringconfiguration calls for two CDNs (N+1 sparing) which contain a complete set ofdatabases for performing call processing functions.

The CDN is responsible for the following call processing functions:

■ Requesting a speech handler from the DCS, and forwarding the speechhandler’s address to the cell.

■ Accepting handoff information messages during active calls and duringcertain states of both call setup and handoff. The CDN also sendsacknowledgment messages upon the receipt of handoff information fromthe cell.

■ Communicating with all cells participating in a call. (Can be up to threecells, if the call is in the soft handoff state.)

CNI/IMS Ring

Data Links to5ESS-2000DCS

ECPC

DLN

DLN

CSNACDN

CDNCSN

Data Links toCell Site

SS7

9-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

ACDN

The Administrative Call Processing and Database Node (ACDN) helps in the callprocessing function.

The two main tasks of the ACDN subsystem are as follows:

■ Assigning new calls to CDNs, so that the load is equalized between CDNs.

■ Maintaining the Global Call Status List to provide a map between thedirectory number of a mobile unit involved in a call and the CDN handlingthe call.

The ACDN tasks are not affected by adding CDMA to your system.

CSN

The Cell Site Node (CSN) is the link node that provides the interface between thecell site and the ECPC. The CSN performs broadcast functions for mobile pagingand performs cell-to-cell message routing.

DLN

The Direct Link Node (DLN) provides the interface between the 5ESS-2000Switch DCS and the ECPC.

SS7

The Signaling System 7 (SS7) Node is responsible for application level signalingmessages. The node provides the physical data link connections to the network.Each SS7 node provides one high-speed data link to a Signal Transfer Point(STP) in the network, which handles message routing. The number of SS7 nodesneeded depends on the volume of message traffic in the network.

ECPC/Cell Interface

The ECPC interfaces with the cell sites through the CSNs on the CNI/IMS Ring.This interface consists of application level signaling messages that aretransported over the CNI/IMS Ring and the X.25 Link Access Protocol-Balanced(LAP-B) link. This is the same as the interface used for existing analog and TDMAsystems. The application set covers the same functional areas, for example, callprocessing, OA&M functions, and service measurements. The same signaling linkthat currently handles analog and TDMA also handles CDMA traffic.

Issue 3 9-7




ECPC/DCS Interface

The ECPC interfaces with the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS through the DLNs on theCNI/IMS Ring. The ECPC/DCS interface consists of application level signalingmessages that are transported over the CNI/IMS Ring and the SS7 link. This isthe same as the interface for the existing analog and TDMA systems. Theapplication set covers the same functional areas: for example, call processing,OA&M functions, initialization, and service measurements.

ECPC to Other Vendors’ System Interface

The ECPC is able to interface with other vendors’ systems (or other ECPCs in thesame system) over the SS7 signaling links or over the X.25 links. Thecommunications consist of IS-41 standard application messages, such as thosefor call delivery and roaming.

9-8 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 10-i



10Operations, Administration andMaintenance

Introduction 10-1

OA&M Strategy 10-1

Tools and Test Sets 10-2

■ Operations and Management Platform (OMP) 10-2Benefits of the OMP 10-3

■ AutoPACE™ System 10-4■ CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU) 10-4

10-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 10-1



10Operations, Administration andMaintenance

Introduction

The Lucent Technologies Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M)strategy focuses on a set of OA&M capabilities and tools that are flexible andcomprehensive. OA&M capabilities are critical to maintaining a high-quality andcost-effective cellular system.

The tools and procedures used for performing CDMA OA&M tasks are enhancedversions of those currently being used for the AUTOPLEX System 1000.

OA&M Strategy

For the Lucent Technologies CDMA product, OA&M procedures will be supportedin the following manner:

■ Fault detection and recovery will be introduced in phases for CDMA. SeeChapter 6, “Lucent Technologies CDMA System Features.”

■ Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) updates will be supported. The NVM processwill be the same as the process used for analog and TDMA boards.

■ Auditing functions will be available for collecting and analyzing data off-line.

10-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Tools and Test Sets

There are databases and tools — both standard and optional — available forperforming routine OA&M procedures on your CDMA system. These include theOMP, the AutoPACE System tools, and the CDMA Radio Test Units (CRTUs).

Operations and Management Platform (OMP)

The Operations and Management Platform (OMP) is an element of theAUTOPLEX System 1000 distributed architecture that is dedicated to the supportof all system OA&M activities. The OMP is based on a SUN SPARCserver1 that isinterfaced with the AUTOPLEX System 1000, allowing you to access the fullpotential of open systems and client/server computing (see Figure 10-1 onpage 10-3). The OMP, a required component for CDMA, provides high-capacitymemory and data storage, and also helps to keep costs low by providingcompatibility with other commercial products.

The OMP consolidates user interfaces to the AUTOPLEX System 1000. Instead ofmultiple terminals for running various database and maintenance functions, thereis one windowing workstation from which a technician can perform all operations,administration, and maintenance functions.

The OMP is responsible for data storage for service measurements. The OMPstores the traffic and service measurements data that the ECPC collects. TheECPC forwards the files of collected data to the OMP for storage. This file transferis automatic and requires no action by the operations technicians or trafficpersonnel.

1 SPARCserver is a trademark of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and othercountries.

Issue 3 10-3



Operations, Administration and Maintenance

Figure 10-1. OMP Architecture

Benefits of the OMP

There are many advantages to having the OMP as part of your system:

■ Many of the processing functions have already been off-loaded from theECP to the OMP. This improves ECPC performance by providing additionalreal-time capacity for other internal system tasks.

■ The OMP, because it is a next generation, general purpose computer, hasover 10 times the processing capacity of the specialized ECPC. Performingprocessing functions on the OMP means increased system response timeand improved user response time for OA&M functions and reportgeneration.

■ The OMP workstation offers a simple, user-friendly graphical interface fortechnicians that provides easy data access and interpretation.

For further information on the OMP, see the AUTOPLEX CellularTelecommunications Systems System 1000 Operations, Administration, andMaintenance Guide (401-610-160).

OMP WindowingWorkstation

OMP WindowingWorkstation

NetworkConnections toOther Systems

OMP 3B21D ECPC

CNI/IMS Ring

10-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

AutoPACE™ System

The AutoPACE System is a highly recommended set of performance analysistools that can be used to help fine-tune or troubleshoot an existing AUTOPLEXSystem 1000. Four modules, each used to investigate a different type ofperformance data, will be included in the AutoPACE System to support theoperation of your CDMA system. The four modules are as follows:

■ Traffic Analysis — used to analyze and report service measurement datacollected every hour by the AUTOPLEX System 1000. Reports are user-definable to meet the specific needs of each customer.

■ Configuration Management — used to provide reports describing theconfiguration of a particular AUTOPLEX System 1000 as defined by theparameters stored in a database on the Executive Cellular Processor(ECP). Standardized tabular and geographic reports, as well as user-defined tabular reports are available.

■ Maintenance Message Analysis — used to analyze and filter messagesgenerated by call processing failures. These messages can be grouped interms of subscriber number, system equipment, terminal manufacturer,etc., to identify root causes of failed calls.

■ Special Engineering Studies — used to schedule and analyze a variety ofstudies to help engineers grow, fine-tune, or troubleshoot systems and theirperformance. The results of these studies help engineers understanddetails associated with handoffs and power levels of subscriber calls.

The AutoPACE System is a multi-user system based on a client-serverarchitecture for flexibility. The AutoPACE System clients are PCs with an industrystandard Graphical User Interface (GUI) that increases operational efficiency andreduces training costs. The AutoPACE System server is a SUN workstation with aUNIX Operating System that interfaces with the OMP to access wireless systemdata. As the AUTOPLEX System 1000 evolves with new and enhanced features,the AutoPACE System is maintained to stay in synch with new ECP and cell sitereleases so that system operators are able to access and analyze the datarequired to maintain the quality of their systems.

CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU)

The CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU) provides you with a mechanism for testingboth CDMA Special Purpose Channels (Overhead, Pilot/Sync/Access andPaging) and CDMA traffic channels that are used by CDMA cell sites. Usingstandard IS-95 based protocols, a test terminal is used to acquire the system,report any errors during system acquisition, and have the RCC perform recoverywhere appropriate on defective channels. This test is applicable to all CDMA-based products, including Series II, Cellular CDMA Minicell, and PCS CDMAMinicell.

Issue 3 10-5



Operations, Administration and Maintenance

Additional testing functionality will include

■ Traffic Path Functional Testing

■ Single Channel Selective Functional Testing

■ Pilot Channel Measurement and Testing

■ CDMA Transmit Antenna Testing.

10-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 11-i



11Wireless Professional Services

Introduction 11-1

Planning Services 11-1

■ Spectrum Clearing 11-1■ Radio Frequency (RF) Network Engineering Design 11-2■ Network Switch and Transmission Planning and Design 11-2

Pre-Operations Services 11-2

■ Site Acquisition Service 11-2■ Architectural and Environmental Engineering (A&E) Service 11-2■ Construction Management Services 11-3

Project Implementation Services 11-3

■ Project Management 11-3■ Office Engineering 11-3■ Installation of the Cellular Network 11-4

Post System Deployment Services 11-4

■ RF Drive Testing 11-4■ System Capacity Review 11-4■ System Growth Design 11-4■ Enhanced Technical Services (ETS) 11-4■ Maintenance 11-5

Training 11-5

11-ii Issue 3



401-614-010

Contents

Issue 3 11-1



11Wireless Professional Services

Introduction

This section presents a high-level description of the basic support services thatare offered by Lucent Technologies to Wireless CDMA service providers. Theseservices cover the entire range of needs, from basic design requirements throughmaintenance and training.

Planning Services

The following sections describe the three basic Planning Services provided byLucent Technologies.

Spectrum Clearing

To use CDMA, a block of RF spectrum is required. In an isolated service area withno pre-existing analog service, the spectrum required for each link is simply theCDMA bandwidth (1.23 MHz). However, in an area with analog capability insideand outside the boundaries of the CDMA spectrum, guard bands and guard zonesmust be established (see “Analog to CDMA Conversion” on page 3-6 for moreinformation on guard bands). Lucent Technologies will design the necessaryguard bands and guard zones to ensure CDMA and the adjacent services do notinterfere with each other.

11-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Radio Frequency (RF) Network EngineeringDesign

With this service, Lucent Technologies’ RF engineers use a comprehensive set ofhardware and software tools, as well as your market deployment and penetrationprojections, to design a system that optimizes coverage and capacityrequirements. In addition, the Lucent Technologies RF engineers reuse realestate properties and civil works currently being used by the service provider todeliver a network design complete with recommended arrangements forantennas, transmission lines, splitters, and duplexing for overall cost andoperational effectiveness.

Network Switch and Transmission Planning andDesign

Lucent Technologies uses their own specialized software for this service to designservice provider switch and transmission networks. Lucent Technologies’ softwareis a set of interactive tools that enables the network planner to quickly design theoptimal telecommunications network. This service is used to forecast traffic,engineer a trunking network, and plan the most cost-effective transmissionnetwork to interconnect your switch and cell sites.

Pre-Operations Services

The following sections describe the three basic Pre-Operations Services providedby Lucent Technologies.

Site Acquisition Service

With this service, Lucent Technologies will find a suitable location for a wirelessnetwork and can either negotiate a lease for the property or arrange a purchaseagreement. The service includes searching and reviewing real estate and thenperforming the acquisition.

Architectural and Environmental Engineering(A&E) Service

This service offers site design and site preparation to support customer premiseprojects. Whether the site is intra-building or on a mountainside, this service willprovide specifications and detailed construction drawings prepared byprofessionals experienced in their various disciplines and certified by a licensed

Issue 3 11-3



Wireless Professional Services

professional engineer. These services are applicable to an existing building orbase site, as well as new structures, including the tower/antenna masts.

Construction Management Services

As part of this service, Lucent Technologies will provide engineering andmanagement support throughout all phases of the cell site/base stationconstruction. This can include selection of subcontractors, management of allsubcontractor activities, a review of construction drawings, coordination of utilityand facility installation activities, installation of foundations, and preparation ofprogress reports.

Project Implementation Services

The following sections describe the three basic Project Implementation Servicesprovided by Lucent Technologies.

Project Management

The project will be managed by Lucent Technologies, using the same tools,procedures and techniques that have helped to make other Lucent TechnologiesNetwork Wireless deployments successful. A Wireless Project Manager assignedto the service provider will perform the following functions:

■ procure service power from local utility, and other critical local utilities to thesite procurement of construction materials and contractors

■ schedule/coordinate vendors/contractors

■ supervise site preparation and site surveys

■ arrange for temporary telephone company facilities for more efficienttesting.1

Office Engineering

This service includes the preparation of detailed product specifications,installation plans and material requirements, and office records.

1 The client pays for the facilities, but this can significantly shorten the implementationinterval.

11-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

Installation of the Cellular Network

This service includes, but is not limited to, installation of the AUTOPLEX System1000 equipment, installation of power feeds from existing power plants, andtesting.

Post System Deployment Services

The following sections describe the five basic Post System Deployment Servicesprovided by Lucent Technologies.

RF Drive Testing

An experienced RF driver using a fully equipped test vehicle collects RF data andturns it over to an RF engineer for analysis. The output is the most suitable RFplan for a particular cell site based on actual performance data. This serviceallows you to review performance factors based on real traffic data and otherinformation, including call quality distribution.

System Capacity Review

As part of keeping your wireless system at optimal performance, LucentTechnologies offers a post deployment system capacity review. Approximately sixmonths after deployment, Lucent Technologies RF Systems Engineers will reviewyour entire system and analyze translations, input/output performance, and hand-off boundary performance.

System Growth Design

If you need to expand your coverage area or split a cell due to increased traffic,this service can provide a new coverage map, channel assignment table and asignal interference plot. Generating these outputs requires information regardingnew traffic levels for each cell, guidance on available sites, and constraints onantenna height, gain and radiation pattern.

Enhanced Technical Services (ETS)

Enhanced Technical Services are customized service offerings designed toaddress specific needs in the areas of MSC support and growth, custom softwaresupport, product integration, and general consultation and training.

Issue 3 11-5



Wireless Professional Services

Maintenance

With this service, Lucent Technologies will provide emergency support, preventivemaintenance, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requiredmaintenance, and remedial maintenance. Lucent Technologies has 63 ServiceSupport Centers (SSCs), as well as 350 satellite offices, to provide maintenancesupport services. These centers operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Training

CDMA training is offered at the Lucent Technologies Technical Training ServicesCenter, Dublin, Ohio. Fully equipped and operational CDMA systems are locatedin Dublin and are dedicated to training you and your personnel. CDMA coursesinclude

■ CL1003 Introduction to CDMA

■ CL3702 Implementation of CDMA Maintenance for Cellular Systems

■ CL3703 Implementation of CDMA Translations.

CL1003 and CL3703 can also be suit-cased to your location.

Additional courses available include

■ CC1361 IS95 CDMA for Cellular and PCS

■ CC1420 Design and Performance Engineering of CDMA Cellular Systems.

Call 1-800-228-0710 or see your Account Executive for a complete description ofthe CDMA courses.

11-6 Issue 3



401-614-010

Issue 3 A-1



ACDMA System Capacity andSpecifications

CDMA System Capacity

Table A-1 highlights the system capacity for the Lucent Technologies CDMAproduct:

* System performance will vary, subject to specified calling patterns and system configurations.

Table A-1. System Capacity

Parameter Series II Cell CDMA Minicell

Subscribers per ECPC* up to 500,000 for HLR up to 500,000 for HLR

Busy Hour Call Attempts perECPC

up to 200,000 domesticup to 200,000 international

up to 200,000 domesticup to 200,000 international

Conversations per DS1 84 (8 Kbps)60 (13 Kbps)

84 (8 Kbps)60 (13 Kbps)

CDMA Carriers per Sector (1.25 MHz)

1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2

Sectors per Cell Site 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Channel Elements 768 [using High CapacityUnits (HCUs)]

192 (using HCUs)

A-2 Issue 3



401-614-010

Capacity Comparisons

Table A-2 shows the capacity comparison of a CDMA system to an AMPS system,a TDMA system, and a GSM system:

Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA)

One ECPC can support up to 200,000 (domestic and international) BHCA1. (Thisincludes CDMA and other AMPS traffic.)

NOTE:The BHCA given is an estimate, based on a fully-rated CDMA system. BHCAtotals will vary, based on the type of system applications and RF engineeringrequirements.

* The effect of guard bands on capacity ratio are not figured into this number. Thenumber of CDMA channels is approximate, based on RF engineering require-ments.

1 System performance will vary, subject to specified calling patterns and systemconfigurations.

Table A-2. Comparison of CDMA, AMPS, TDMA, and GSM Systems

System Carrier Width NumberofChannels

SpectrumAvailable(Example)

Channelsper CellSite

Channelsper 1 MHz

AMPS 30 kHz 1 12.5 MHz 57 4.56

AMPS-TDMA

30 kHz 3 12.5 MHz 171 13.68

GSM 200 kHz 8 15 MHz 150 10

CDMA(8 Kbps)

1.23 MHz 66* 12.5 MHz 660 48

CDMA(13 Kbps)

1.23 MHz 39* 12.5 MHz 390 31

Issue 3 A-3



5ESS-2000 Switch DCS BHCA andCapacity Comparisons

The 5ESS-2000 Switch supports wireless applications with the same robustcapacities that it is known for in landline applications. In fact, the 5ESS-2000Switch can support a full AUTOPLEX system of 200,000 BHCA, plus providesignificant landline services. Table A-3 shows wireless/ landline call capacitycombinations.

System Reliability

The hardware architecture of the CDMA system is such that any single-pointfailure for each component (ECPC, 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS, and cell site) withinthe system does not reduce the service capacity by more than 50 percent.

The software architecture of the CDMA system is designed so that it minimizesthe failure to the entire system’s service capacity.

Table A-3. Rated Busy Hour Calls

Application POTS Toll Tandem BellcoreModel

OperatorServices

Wireless

Stand-alone 800K 750K 600K 600K 240K 200K

CombinedOffice:50,000Wireless

675K 600K 500K 500K 200K

CombinedOffice100,000Wireless

550K 500K 400K 400K 170K

CombinedOffice200,000Wireless

350K 300K 250K 250K 100K

A-4 Issue 3



401-614-010

System Availability

The total hardware related system down-time is expected to be less than or equalto five minutes per year on the average, assuming a 4-hour repair time for anysingle fault. (Down-time is defined as the period of time in which the system isunable to service any calls due to failures within the system.)

Power and Grounding Requirementsfor the GPS Antenna

The following are the cable length requirements for the GPS Antenna:

■ For roof mounted antennas: 50 feet

■ For 100 foot towers: 125 feet

■ For 150 foot towers: 175 feet

■ For tall building installations: 300 and 500 foot cables

Physical and EnvironmentalRequirements

The CDMA system physical and environmental parameters (for example,temperature, altitude, and humidity) remain the same as the current AUTOPLEXSystem 1000 product.

The following documents provide the complete environmental and physicalrequirements for the AUTOPLEX System 1000 CDMA product:

■ AUTOPLEX Cellular Telecommunications Systems System 1000 TechnicalSpecifications, Issue 2. (Order Code: 3484B)

■ AUTOPLEX Cellular Telecommunications Systems System 1000 Series IISystem Requirements and Planning Guide, Issue 4. (Order Code: 401-610-005)

Issue 3 GL-1

Glossary



Glossary

Numerics

3B21DThe 3B21D is the main hardware component for the Executive Cellular Processor Complex(ECPC). It is a fully duplexed, fault-tolerant computer with 256 MB of physical memory. The 3B21Dcontains the Input/Output Processor (IOP), the Central Processor Unit (CPU), the memory stores,and the disk file controller.

5ESSAT&T registered trademark for its premier Electronic Switching System.

A

ACDN (Administrative Call Processing/Database Node)The ACDN has responsibility for assigning new calls to CDNs for processing.

ACU (Analog Conversion Unit)The ACU combines the output of a given CDMA Cluster’s CCUs. A given ACU supports two CDMAclusters. ACUs are duplex, equipped as primary and standby.

A/D (Analog to Digital)The process of converting an analog sample into the digital equivalent.

AIF (Antenna Interface Frame)One of the cabinets that comprises the CDMA Cellular Minicell. The AIF contains the RSP andreceive filters.

AM (Administrative Module)A hardware component of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS. Provides switch maintenance,administration, traffic measurements, and network management. Includes the 3B21D processor.

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)The name given to the first AT&T cellular telephone system.

analog transmissionTechnology that uses a stream of continuously changing electrical waves to carry voice or low-speed data.

GL-2 Issue 3

401-614-010



AutoPACE™The AutoPACE™ system consists of Performance Analysis (PA) and Cellular Engineering (CE)tools. These tools are Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M) tools used forconfiguring your system, especially at the initial design stages, and for fine-tuning ortroubleshooting an existing system.

B

bandwidthInformation-carrying capacity of a communications channel. The larger the bandwidth, the moreinformation it carries.

BBA trioThe combination of the BCR-BIU-ACU units for the new CDMA equipment configuration. See alsoentries for Baseband Combiner Radio (BCR), Bus Interface Unit (BIU), and Analog Conversion Unit(ACU).

BCR (Baseband Combiner/Radio)The BCR combines the I and Q signals from each of the Analog Conversion Units (ACUs) and (onthe forward link) converts the signal to RF with an RF up-converter. In the reverse path, it receivesRF signals and down-converts to baseband.

BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempts)The total number of originating and terminating call attempts handled by the system in a typical onehour period. This is a count of all call attempts, not just completed calls.

BIU (Bus Interface Unit)The BIU is the interface between the BCR, the ACU, and the Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) bus.It provides a control bus interface to the CCC, CCUs, ACUs and BCRs. It provides powerconversion and alarm control functions. BIUs are duplex; equipped as primary and standby.

C

CAI (Common Air Interface)Specifies the RF interface by which CDMA products are being developed.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)CDMA uses a spread-spectrum form of modulations requiring a contiguous block of spectrum (1.25MHz) rather than the channelized approach used by analog and TDMA. See also entries for DirectSequence Spread-Spectrum and spread-spectrum.

CDMA CarrierA CDMA Carrier is the 1.25 MHz block of spectrum used for CDMA. This same block of spectrum isreused in every cell. In addition, the system/cell can support multiple carriers.

Issue 3 GL-3

Glossary



CDMA Channel Unit (CCU)CCUs create CDMA channels. Each CCU can be configured with two CDMA Channel Elements(CEs). Groups of CCUs are logically connected to form a cluster which is controlled by a singleCDMA Cluster Controller (CCC).

CDMA ClusterA CDMA cluster is a group of equipment consisting of one CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) and upto seven CDMA Channel Units (CCUs). A cluster supports a maximum of 14 traffic channels.

CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC)A CDMA Cluster Controller is the controller for a group (seven maximum) of CDMA Channel Units(CCUs).

CDMA Growth FrameA CDMA Growth Frame allows a Series II cell site to be upgraded to accommodate CDMA services.It can support up to six shelves of DCMA equipment.

CDMA Speech Handler (SH)See entry for Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV).

CDN (Call Processing and Database Node)A type of attached processor on the CNI/IMS Ring of the AUTOPLEX System 1000 which isresponsible for call processing. The system may have up to 12 CDNs.

CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)CDPD systems transmit packets of digital data over idle channels on existing cellular networks.

CE (Channel Element)A CDMA Channel Element (CE) contains the necessary circuitry to perform forward link andreverse link CDMA spread-spectrum processing. Each CE supports one CDMA channel. Each CEcan be assigned one or more of these channel functions: pilot, synch, paging, access, traffic.

CELP (Code-Excited Linear Prediction)A table-driven coding method that compresses several voice channels into the same 64 Kbpsbandwidth that a single Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) channel used to require. CELP is a termused in relation to variable rate vocoders.

CEPT (Conference on European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)An international standards organization.

cellA geographical area, usually depicted as hexagon-shaped, that is served by a cellular system.Cellular technology is based on the premise that a group of radio frequencies used within one cellcan be used again in distant cells.

cell siteAn installation, located within a cell, housing the equipment needed to set up and complete calls oncellular phones. (For example, FM radio transmitter and receiver equipment, antennas, andcomputers.)

GL-4 Issue 3

401-614-010



channelA channel is a portion of the cellular frequency band designated for a single cellular telephoneconversation. It is an actual cellular RF channel as identified by the Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC), 30 kHz for analog and 1.25 MHz for CDMA.

CM (Communications Module)Part of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS hardware. The CM provides the fiber optic interconnections tothe Switching Modules (SMs), switches network data, voice, and control messages, and distributestiming and synchronization.

CNI/IMS (Common Network Interface/Interprocessor Message Switch) RingPart of the ECPC software, the CNI/IMS Ring supports a variety of nodes for signaling, callprocessing, and message routing. The Ring provides an interface between the cell site and theECPC, and the ECPC and the DCS.

CNIP (Calling Number Identification Presentation)The CNIP feature displays calling number information (the calling party number) when alerting amobile phone.

CPU (Central Processor Unit)A component of the ECPC, the CPU provides high speed control functions, such as logic, control,and arithmetic processes as required by the 3B21D computer.

CRTU (CDMA Radio Test Unit)The CRTU, along with the RSP, provides routine diagnostics by testing all channels and RadioFrequency (RF) trains.The CRTU is located in the Primary Cabinet.

CSN (Cell Site Node)The CSN is the link node that provides the interface between the cell site and the ECPC. The CSNperforms broadcast functions for mobile paging and performs cell-to-cell message routing.

CTIA (Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association)The cellular industry association that promotes cellular technology, addresses common concerns,provides a forum for exchange of non-proprietary information, and provides a voice in Washington.

D

D/A (Digital to Analog)The process of converting a digital sample into the analog equivalent.

DCS (Digital Cellular Switch)A generic term for the switching fabric of an AUTOPLEX switch. CDMA is supported on the AT&T5ESS-2000 Switch DCS.

DFU (Digital Facilities Unit)The DFU provides the DS1 interface for packet pipes associated with a particular cell interfacemodule.

Issue 3 GL-5

Glossary



Direct Sequence Spread-SpectrumA type of CDMA classification, used in the AT&T CDMA product. A DS generator encodes voicesignals and assigns a unique code (PN Code) to each user. The DS system reduces interferenceand ensures privacy. See also the entries for PN Codes and spread-spectrum.

DLN (Digital Link Node)The DLN is the link node that provides the interface between the DCS and the CNI/IMS Ring. EachAUTOPLEX system has at least two DLNs.

DN (Directory Number)A subscriber’s unique 10-digit mobile phone number.

down-timeThe period of time in which a system is unable to service any calls due to failures within the system.

DPC (Dynamic Power Control)The DPC controls the power transmitted from the mobiles to the cell site to help equalize thereceived signal levels. DPC works in both the forward and reverse directions, and is a keycomponent of the AT&T CDMA product, essential for increased capacity and improvedperformance.

DS0A DS0 is a single 64 Kbps time slice on a T1 and/or E1.

DS1A DS1 is a circuit board that supports the 24/30 DS0 channels on a T1/E1.

E

E1An E1 is a four-wire voice/data trunking facility that carries 30 duplex channels via 64 Kbps timeslices.

ECPC (Executive Cellular Processor Complex)The 3B21D computer is the main processor for the ECPC. It controls the operation of theAUTOPLEX System 1000. The ECPC is responsible for mobility management, call processing,system maintenance, technician interfaces, and system integrity.

F

FCC (Federal Communications Commission)Created in 1934, this group is responsible for regulating all types of communications in the UnitedStates.

GL-6 Issue 3

401-614-010



FDMA (Frequency-Division Multiple Access)FDMA uses narrowband channels of spectrum, each carrying one telephone circuit, in a systemwhere any mobile can access any one of the frequencies.

frame relayFrame relay is a method of packet switching capable of transporting voice. Frame relay is used totransport speech between the radio unit in the cell to the frame selector in the DCS.

frame selectorThe frame selector performs the soft handoff function and is located in the DCS.

FRPH (Frame Relay Protocol Handler)The FRPH provides the interface between the T1/E1 facility and the frame relay packet switchingplatform. For the first release of the CDMA product, the FRPH terminates the CDMA packet pipesfrom the CDMA cell sites.

G

GHzAbbreviation for GigaHertz.

GPS (Global Positioning System)The GPS is the United States Department of Defense (DOD) sponsored global satellite systemused to provide accurate time and position location. The Reference Frequency and TimingGenerator (RFTG) makes use of the GPS receiver to synchronize CDMA signals.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)The European cellular standard for wireless communications systems.

G-RCF (Growth Radio Channel Frame)Growth Radio Channel Frames can be added to the CDMA Primary Radio Channel Frame (P-RCF)to increase the capacity of your CDMA system.

H

handoffAn automatic transfer of a cellular telephone call from one cell to another, maintaining call quality asthe mobile user moves throughout the coverage area.

hard handoff (CDMA-to-analog)A CDMA-to-analog hard handoff occurs when the dual mode CDMA mobile is instructed to changeits mode from CDMA to analog during a call. Consequently, the assigned frame selector will beremoved from the call configuration.

Issue 3 GL-7

Glossary



HLR (Home Location Register)The database in charge of managing mobile phone subscribers. The HLR stores a permanent copyof a mobile subscriber’s subscription information, and some location information to enable callrouting to the MSC where the mobile subscriber is located.

I

IOP (Input/Output Processor)Part of the 3B20D/3B21D computer. The IOP serves as the interface between several peripheralcontrollers and the Central Processor Unit (CPU). It acts as the hub connecting up to 16microprocessor-based peripheral controllers to the CPU. The IOP helps to free up the CPU for non-Input/Output tasks.

I and Q (In-phase and Quadrature-phase) SignalsI and Q signals are used in the digital to analog conversion process.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)ISDN is an integrated services network that provides digital connections between user-networkinterfaces.

K

KHzAbbreviation for KiloHertz.

KbpsAbbreviation for Kilobits per second.

L

LAF (Linear Amplifier Frame)The LAF is part of the Series II cell site. It combines and amplifies transmit signals and sends themto the Antenna Interface Frame (AIF).

LAPB (Link Access Protocol - Balanced)A protocol standard at the data link layer. Provides error detection and control to higher protocollayers.

LAPD (Link Access Protocol - D Channel)Data link layer protocol specified for the D-Channel.

GL-8 Issue 3

401-614-010



LMT (Lightwave Microcell Transceiver)The LMT contains optical to electrical conversion equipment and a low power antenna for localizedRF transmission and reception.

LZRAbbreviation for linearizer.

M

MBAbbreviation for Megabytes.

MHzAbbreviation for Megahertz.

MSC (Mobile Switching Center)All of the control and switching elements for a cellular system are contained at the MSC. For anAUTOPLEX System 1000, the MSC consists of the ECPC, the CNI/IMS Ring, and the 5ESS-2000Switch DCS.

N

neighbor cellA neighbor cell is a cell that is adjacent to the cell currently serving a mobile subscriber.

neighbor groupA group of cell sites near the cell site serving a call. When a handoff is required from the servingcell site, the system will try to hand off the call to one of the cells in the group.

neighbor listA list of cell sites in a neighbor group.

O

OA&M (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance)Generic name given to AUTOPLEX functions such as technician interfaces, diagnostics, servicemeasurements, status reports, etc.

Issue 3 GL-9

Glossary



OIF (Optical Interface Frame)The OIF is the interface between the radio frame and the microcell. It contains the equipment toprovide the optical-electrical interface between the Radio Channel Frame (RCF) and the fiber thatdelivers signals to and from the Lightwave Microcell Transceiver (LMT).

OMP (Operations and Management Center)The OMP is an element of the AUTOPLEX System 1000 distributed architecture which is dedicatedto the support of all system OA&M activities. The OMP is based on a Sun SparcServer that isintegrated into the AUTOPLEX System 1000.

P

packet switchingIn packet switching, data is sent out in a sequence of small chunks called packets. Each packet ispassed through the network from node to node along some path leading from source to destination.At each node, the entire packet is received, stored briefly, and then transmitted to the next node.

packet pipeA packet pipe is a special trunk consisting of 4 DS0s (may grow to 8 with four CE/CCUs) that isused to send packetized voice and data between a given CDMA cluster and the DCS speechhandlers, called the PHV.

PCS (Personal Communications Services)PCSs are services that are planned for new digital Radio Frequency (RF) equipment. PCS willconvey both voice and data over wireless networks.

PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)The binary coded signal corresponding to the user time assignment in a TDMA or a CDMA system.

PHV (Protocol Handler for Voice)The PHV is one of the new components required to support CDMA on your existing AUTOPLEXSystem 1000. It is used to transmit packets to and receive packets from the CDMA mobile unitthrough the cell site (or up to three cell sites when in soft handoff). The PHV converts voice packetsreceived from a cell site into 64 Kbps voice and vice versa.

PN (Pseudo-Noise) CodesPseudo-Noise is the name given to the Mobile Station (MS) communications over the CDMA carrier(RF) and is identified using a specific code. This PN Code is given to the MS at setup time and iswhat the cell and MS use to communicate with each other. Each MS has a unique PN Code whileactive with a call.

PSK (Phase Shift Keying)Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a type of encoding or modulation technique for transforming digital datainto analog signals.

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)The network that provides public telephone service. The portion of the total network that providesthe capability to interconnect any home or office in the country with any other.

GL-10 Issue 3

401-614-010



PSU (Packet Switching Unit)The PSU is one of the new components required to support CDMA on your existing AUTOPLEXSystem 1000. The PSU consists of three circuit packs: the Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV), theFrame Relay Protocol Handler (FRPH), and the Protocol Handler for Asynchronous Transfer Mode(PHA). The PSU handles CDMA traffic to and from the CDMA mobile unit through the cell site. The5ESS Switching Module (SM) provides an interface to a single PSU.

PSU Packet BusThe PSU Packet Bus receives and sends packets to the appropriate PHV.

R

Radio ChannelActual cellular Radio Frequency (RF) channel as identified by the FCC. For analog, the channel is30 kHz wide. In CDMA, the radio channel is 1.25 MHz wide.

RC/V (Recent Change and Verify)The Recent Change and Verify (RC/V) system provides the user interface to the databasemanagement system.

RF Call TraceRF Call Trace is one of the optional features developed for CDMA. It provides for call performanceassessment from the mobile. By measuring the signal strengths of mobile calls from various cellsites, a system operator can analyze the quality of the radio environment.

RFTG (Reference Frequency and Timing Generator)Provides synchronization signals to the Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) board. It is also usedto provide the CDMA and analog radio reference frequency. It makes use of the Global PositioningSystem (GPS) receiver to synchronize the CDMA signals.

RMN (Reach Me Number)The RMN is part of the SMS feature of CDMA. A RMN is similar to paging. Callers leave a RMNwhich gets displayed at the called party’s mobile unit.

roamingThe term used to describe a cellular telephone operating outside its home calling area.

RSP (Radio Test Unit Switch Panel)The RSP, along with the CRTU, provides routine diagnostics by testing all channels and RadioFrequency (RF) trains. The RSP is located in the AIF.

Issue 3 GL-11

Glossary



S

SCT (Synchronized Clock and Tone) boardThe SCT provides timing capabilities, CDMA board synchronization, and a 19.6608 MHz referenceclock. The SCT’s signals are derived from the RFTG.

SFF (Store and Forward Functionality)SFF is part of the SMS feature for CDMA. The SFF enables the Message Center (MC) to store theSMS message and forward it at the appropriate time for conveyance to the mobile unit.

SM (Switching Module)The SM provides switching functionality and voice connectivity to the Public Switched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN) and the cell sites. The SM contains two new components necessary to supportCDMA: the Packet Switching Unit (PSU) and the PSU Packet Bus.

SMS (Short Message Service)The SMS feature for CDMA has the ability to display short “canned” messages, and display aReach Me Number (RMN). The SMS feature incorporates a Message Center (MC) which providesVoice Response Functionality (VRF) and Store and Forward Functionality (SFF).

soft handoffA soft handoff occurs when two or more logical connections on a packet pipe are utilized by theframe selector. A soft and softer handoff can occur at the same time.

softer handoffA softer handoff occurs when a CDMA Channel Element utilizes two CDMA channels between itselfand the mobile unit.

SS7 (Signaling System 7) nodeThe SS7 node is responsible for application level signaling messages. This node provides thephysical data link connections to the network. Each SS7 node provides one high-speed data link toa Signal Transfer Point (STP) in the network, which handles message routing.

STP (Signal Transfer Point)The STP handles the routing of messages throughout the SS7 signaling network.

spectrumA range of frequencies available for radio transmission and reception. The FCC has set asideportions of the spectrum for cellular service, while other portions of the spectrum are allocated tomedia such as television, FM radio, and satellite transmissions.

spread-spectrumSpread-spectrum technology refers to an entire family of radio transmission techniques that areused to organize the distribution of radio frequency energy over a range of frequencies.

subrate multiplexingThe subrate multiplexing facility of CDMA allows multiple packet pipes to occupy the same facility.

GL-12 Issue 3

401-614-010



T

T1A T1 is a four-wire voice/data trunking facility that carries 24 duplex channels over 64 Kbps timeslices.

TDMA (Time-Division Multiple Access)TDMA divides each carrier frequency into a number of time slots, each of which constitutes anindependent telephone circuit. Current North American digital cellular systems use TDMA.

TIA (Telecommunications Industries Association)The group responsible for setting telecommunications standards in the United States.

trunkA facility or circuit established to interconnect two switching machines.

V

VLR (Visitor Location Register)The VLR is a database that stores the necessary information needed to handle calls while a mobilesubscriber is visiting outside his home location area. The VLR can be integrated within the MSC orit can be a separate network element.

vocoder (voice encoder)A vocoder is part of the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS and is a new component necessary to supportCDMA. The vocoder converts encoded compressed voice packets to Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) voice samples and back.

Voice Response Functionality (VRF)VRF is part of the SMS feature for CDMA. The VRF enables the Message Center (MC) to playannouncements that prompt a caller to leave a SMS message.

Index

Issue 3 IN-1



Index

Numerics

3B21D processor, 9-35ESS-2000 switch, 8-15ESS-2000 Switch DCS

Administrative Module, 8-4advantages of, 8-8Communications Module, 8-5functions, 3-3hardware components, 8-4Switching Module, 8-5

5ESS-2000 Switch DCS componentsPacket Switching Unit (PSU), 8-6Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV), 8-6PSU packet bus, 8-6

A

ACDN (Administrative Call Processing and DatabaseNode)

tasks of the, 9-6ACU, 5-8ACU (Analog Conversion Unit), 4-7Administrative Module (AM), 8-4AIF (Antenna Interface Frame), 4-1, 5-1, 5-2, 5-5

cabinet description, 5-14amplifiers, 5-12

transmit, 5-3Analog Conversion Unit. See ACUanalog to CDMA conversion, 3-6

traffic requirements, 3-7AT&T’s digital cellular experience, 2-1audience, xxiAutoPACE System, 10-4AUTOPLEX System 1000, 5-1

history, 3-1investment protection when upgrading to CDMA,

3-6platform, 3-1

AUTOPLEX System 1000 components, modificationsfor CDMA, 3-4

B

Baseband Combiner Radio. See BCRB-Band Cascade Filters, 5-4BCR, 5-8BCR (Baseband Combiner and Radio), 4-7BIU (Base Interface Unit), 4-7

C

call processingdigital codes, 1-3hard handoff (CDMA to analog), 7-4required elements, 7-1soft handoff, 7-4softer handoff, 7-4

CCC, 5-7CCU, 5-8, 5-12CDMA

advantages of AT&T’s product, 3-3an analogy, 1-2applications for the global market, 1-5benefits to end user customers, 2-4benefits to service providers, 2-5call processing with digital codes, 1-3cluster architecture, 5-7components, 3-2conversion from analog, 3-6how it works, 3-3how it works with AUTOPLEX System 1000, 3-4modifications to AUTOPLEX System 1000 compo-

nents, 3-4more information about AT&T’s product, xxii, 3-1soft handoff, 7-4timing and synchronization, 4-7why make the transition?, 2-1

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), xxCDMA Channel Units (CCUs), 4-6CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC), 4-5CDMA Growth Frame, 4-1

401-614-010



IN-2 Issue 3

CDMA industry standards, 2-6AT&T’s support of, 2-6CDMA Development Group (CDG), 2-7

CDMA Minicell, 4-3CDMA Minicell Growth Cabinet, 4-3CDN (Call Processing and Database Node), 9-5

functions, 9-5cell

definition of a, 2-1limits to traditional growth methods, 2-3traditional growth methods, 2-1

Cellular CDMA Minicell, 4-3Channel Elements (CEs), 4-6CNI/IMS ring, 9-4

ACDN, 9-6CDN, 9-5CSN, 9-6DLN, 9-6SS7 node, 9-6

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Channel Unit.See CCU

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Radio Com-plex. See CRC

common access techniques, 1-1Communications Module (CM), 8-5components of CDMA, 3-2

DCS, 3-3ECPC, 3-3Series II cell site product family, 3-3

CPU (Central Processor Unit), 9-3functions, 9-3

CRC (CDMA Radio Complex), 5-2, 5-13CRTU (CDMA Radio Test Unit), 5-4CSN (Cell Site Node), 9-6CSU (Channel Services Unit), 5-3

D

digital codes for call processing, 1-3direct sequence spread-spectrum, 1-4disk file controller, 9-4DLN (Direct Link Node), 9-6

documenthow to comment on, xxivhow to use this, xxiintended audience, xxiprerequisite skills and knowledge, xxipurpose of this, xxreason for reissue, xxirelated customer training, xxiii

E

ECPC components3B21D processor, 9-2Central Processor Unit (CPU), 9-3disk file controller, 9-4ECPC software, 9-4Input/Output Processor (IOP), 9-3memory stores, 9-4

ECPC software, 9-4capabilities, 9-4

ECPC to other vendors’ systems interface, 9-7ECPC/cell interface, 9-6ECPC/DCS interface, 9-7equipment for CDMA cell site configuration, 4-5Executive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC)

CDMA impact on, 9-2description, 9-1functions, 3-3, 9-1

F

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), 1-1Fiber Microcell, 4-2filters, 5-3, 5-10

duplex, 5-6simplex, 5-6

Filters, Cascade and Notch, 5-5frame relay, 3-3

Index

Issue 3 IN-3



G

GPS (Global Positioning System), 4-7receiver, 4-7

growing a cell, 2-2growth cabinet, 5-12Growth Cabinet, Minicell, 4-3Growth Frame, Series II, 4-1Growth Radio Channel Frame (G-RCF), 4-5GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications),

1-1

H

handoffCDMA soft, 7-4definition, 7-2softer, 7-4types of, 7-3

hard handoff, 7-4

I

I and Q signals, 4-7interfaces

ECPC to cell, 9-6ECPC to DCS, 9-7ECPC to other vendors’ systems, 9-7

IOP (Input/Output Processor), 9-3functions, 9-3

M

memory stores, 9-4MiniAIF. See AIF, 5-14minicell

architecture, 5-7Minicell Growth Cabinet, 4-3

Mobile Switching Center (MSC), 4-4

N

Notch Filters, 5-4

O

OA&MAutoPACE System, 10-4tools and test sets to support, 10-2

OA&M (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance)on the OMP, 10-2

OA&M strategy, 10-1omni. See omnidirectional, 5-15omnidirectional, 5-10, 5-12

configurations, 5-15OMP (Operations and Management Platform)

benefits of, 10-3description, 10-2

P

packet pipe, 5-7and call processing, 8-8definition, 8-8purpose, 8-8

packet switchingframe relay, 3-3

Packet Switching Unit (PSU), 8-6PCS CDMA

minicell, 5-5architecture, 5-7

minicell products, 5-1system capacities, 5-15

Phase Shift Keying (PSK), 1-4prerequisite skills and knowledge, xxiprimary cabinet, 5-2product information, xxiiProtocol Handler for Asynchronous Transfer Mode

401-614-010



IN-4 Issue 3

(PHA), 8-7Protocol Handler for Voice (PHV), 8-7Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), 3-4

R

radio frequency spectrumdefinition, 1-4spread-spectrum technology, 1-4

requirementsminicell facility, 5-17

RFtrains, 5-10

RFTG, 5-3RFTG (Reference Frequency and Timing Generator),

4-7RSP (Radio Test Unit Switch Panel), 5-4, 5-5

S

SCT (Synchronized Clock and Tone) board, 4-7sectors, 5-10, 5-12

configurations, 5-15, 5-16Series II cell site

description, 4-1Series II cell site product family, 4-1Signal Transfer Point (STP), 9-6SIU (CSU Shelf Interface Unit), 5-3SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio), 5-4soft handoff, 7-4softer handoff, 7-4specifications, for minicells

environmental, 5-11physical, 5-17

spread-spectrum technology, 1-4direct sequence spread-spectrum, 1-4

SS7 (Signaling System 7) node, 9-6Switching Module (SM), 8-5

T

TDM (Time Division Multiplexed) bus, 4-7TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), 1-1timing, 4-7training

information for customer, xxiii

U

Universal Fiber Microcell, 4-2

V

Vocoder, 8-7variable rate, 8-7

Lucent Technologies Wants Your Opinion

Lucent Technologies welcomes your feedback on this document. Your comments can be of great value in help-ing us improve this document.

1. Please rate the effectiveness of this document in the following areas:

2. Please check the ways that you think this document could be improved:

Excellent Good Fair PoorEase of finding informationClarityCompletenessAccuracyOrganizationAppearanceExamplesIllustrationsOverall satisfaction

Improve the preface/introduction. Make it more concise.Improve the table of contents. Add more step-by-step procedures/tutorials.Improve the organization. Add more troubleshooting information.Include more illustrations. Make it less technical.Add more examples. Add more or better quick reference aids.Add more detail. Improve the index.

Please add details about your major concerns.

3. What do you like most about this document?

4. Write any comments below or on an attached sheet.

If we may contact you concerning your comments, please complete the following:

Name:

Company/Organization:

Address:

After completing this form, please return it (postage-free) to the address on the reverse side. Thank you.

Telephone Number:

Date:

Cut

Her

e

( )

AUTOPLEX® System 1000 Cellular CDMA Product Overview401-614-010 Issue 3 September 1996

BUSINESS REPLY MAILFIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 5 NEW PROVIDENCE N. J.

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

Lucent TechnologiesTechnical Publications Center

NO POSTAGENECESSARY

IF MAILEDIN THE

UNITED STATES

Do Not Cut Fold Here And Tape

1000 E. WARRENVILLE ROADIHC 1A-410P.O. BOX 3013NAPERVILLE, IL 60566-7013

Lucent Cdma View

Documents

Transcript of Lucent Cdma View