LUCENT - WordPress.com · 2011-04-19 · miami beach, fl lucent design 4401 se aldercrest rd,...

LUCENT

LUCENTGOOGLE

LUCENTD amp B NATIONWIDE

Showing page 1 of 10 pages ne x t pag e gt

Type Company Name Address

Headquarters LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC Also Traded as LUCENT

600 MOUNTAIN AVE MURRAY HILL NJ

LUCENT DIGITAL RADIO INC Also Traded as LUCENT

20 INDEPENDENCE BLVD STE 1 WARREN NJ

Branch LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC Also Traded as LUCENT

324 E WISCONSIN AVE STE 1515 MILWAUKEE WI


481 STAUNTON RD NAPERVILLE IL

Branch ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC Also Traded as LUCENT

12560 W TOWNSEND ST BROOKFIELD WI


9501 W 67TH ST SHAWNEE MISSION KS


1715 N WESTSHORE BLVD STE 600 TAMPA FL


14 N HONEYMAN RD WHITE HOUSE STATION NJ


901 N LAKE DESTINY RD STE 400 MAITLAND FL


4436 JACKSON STREET EXT ALEXANDRIA LA


13196 FILLMORE ST DENVER CO


7600 INTERSTATE 30 LITTLE ROCK AR


1 WATERFRONT PLZ STE 360 HONOLULU HI


25359 DEQUINDRE RD MADISON HEIGHTS MI


22165 68TH AVE S KENT WA

LUCENTSCHOOL Also Traded as LUCENT

24 E DEWEY AVE WHARTON NJ

Branch OCTEL COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION Also Traded as LUCENT

455 S GULPH RD STE 300 KING OF PRUSSIA PA

Branch LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC Also Traded as LUCENT

3260 EAGLE PARK DR NE STE 115 GRAND RAPIDS MI

Branch IMATION CORP Also Traded as LUCENT

6063 HUDSON RD SAINT PAUL MN


528 N MAIN ST DAVENPORT IA


14645 NW 77TH AVE HIALEAH FL


20 INDEPENDENCE BLVD WARREN NJ


825 MURRAY ST ALEXANDRIA LA


613 NIGHTINGALE AVE MIAMI FL

Branch LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

7824 PARK CENTRAL DR N TINLEY PARK IL

TECHNOLOGIES

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1900 ARDEN FOX RD COLORADO SPRINGS CO

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

15 VREELAND RD RM 1-036 FLORHAM PARK NJ

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

5314 DELHI AVE STE 410 CINCINNATI OH

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

2940 199TH AVE NW NEW LONDON MN

LUCENT TECHNOLOGY 10212 DORCHESTER PL PICKERINGTON OH

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

6521 55TH STREET CT W TACOMA WA

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

900 N NEW WARRINGTON RD PENSACOLA FL

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1100 E WARRENVILLE RD RM 1E-474 NAPERVILLE IL

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

22790 LAKE PARK BLVD ALLIANCE OH


2629 REDWING RD STE 150 FORT COLLINS CO

LUCENT COINS 276 STATE ROAD 35 OSCEOLA WI

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

2600 WARRENVILLE RD LISLE IL

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

6503 W ROGERS CIR BOCA RATON FL

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

5 CORBEN CT PISCATAWAY NJ


5151 BLAZER PKWY DUBLIN OH

LUCENT STYLES 730 GRAND AVE STE 26 RIDGEFIELD NJ

LUCENT COLOR LLC 1029 NEWARK AVE ELIZABETH NJ

LUCENT ORANGE LLC 18151 NE 31ST CT APT 1704 NORTH MIAMI BEACH FL

LUCENT DESIGN 4401 SE ALDERCREST RD MILWAUKIE OR

LUCENT REALTY INC 1240 W 61ST PL HIALEAH FL

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC

5721 BIGGER RD DAYTON OH

LUCENT IDEA WORKS 9654 WHITEHALL ST NAPLES FL

LUCENT POLYMERS INC

1700 LYNCH RD EVANSVILLE IN

LUCENT CONCEPT INC 5906 N MERRIMAC AVE CHICAGO IL

LUCENT CONCEPTS LLC

724 S 16TH ST PHILADELPHIA PA

LUCENT DYNAMICS LP 6075 S EASTERN AVE STE 1 LAS VEGAS NV

LUCENT DIAMONDS 3401 QUEBEC ST DENVER CO

LUCENT POLYMERS LLC

50 FRONTAGE RD POSEYVILLE IN

LUCENT RECYCLING OF MISSOURI

100 W INDEPENDENCE ST JACKSON MO

LUCENT MORTGAGE INC

11400 NW 15TH ST PEMBROKE PINES FL

LUCENT TECH SYSTEMS

32111 AURORA RD SOLON OH

LUCENT INFO TECH USA INC

5515 SCIOTO DARBY RD HILLIARD OH

LUCENT AUTO amp CASTING INC

8100 RIVER RD APT 904 NORTH BERGEN NJ

LUCENT TECH INBOUND

14000 QUAIL SPRINGS PKWY OKLAHOMA CITY OK

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES COMPANY INC

300 S SPRING ST STE 900 LITTLE ROCK AR

LUCENT ENTERPRISES LLC

HILLSBORO OR

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES THAILAND INC

600 MOUNTAIN AVE 700 NEW PROVIDENCE NJ

LUCENT TRUCK LINES INC

17424 SW 19TH ST HOLLYWOOD FL

LUCENT DIGITAL VIDEO

1160 US HIGHWAY 22 BRIDGEWATER NJ

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC HEALTH PLANS


LUCENT PROFESSIONALS INC

11844 STERLING DR ORLAND PARK IL

LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS I LLC

600 MOUNTAIN AVE NEW PROVIDENCE NJ

LUCENT COMMUNICATIONS

15513 TOMER RD GUYS MILLS PA

LUCENT VIDEO SVCS DELIV

2637 BREWER LN WOODRIDGE IL

LUCENT REAL ESTATE SERVICE

1570 S 600 E SPRINGVILLE UT

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

CO LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC NEW PROVIDENCE NJ

LUCENT AGERE AVAYA NATIONAL PE

738 BELMONT AVE READING PA

LUCENT 600 MOUNTAIN AVE NEW PROVIDENCE

TECHNOLOGIES INC MASTER PENSION TRUST

NJ

AT T LUCENT 205 CARRERA DR LADY LAKE FL

ALCATEL-LUCENT 2666 PATTON RD SAINT PAUL MN

ALCATEL LUCENT 2905 PADDINGTON WAY KISSIMMEE FL

LUCENT SUPPLEMENTAL HEALTHCARE BENEFITS PLAN FOR FORMERLY REPRESENTED RETIREES


IDEAL AT LUCENT INC 568 S WASHINGTON ST NAPERVILLE IL

A T T LUCENT TECH 2043 S BLACK HORSE PIKE WILLIAMSTOWN NJ

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC

320 PRIMROSE DR LOUISVILLE KY

ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

225 W STATION SQUARE DR STE 300 PITTSBURGH PA


600 ARCH ST OTTAWA IL


26750 US HIGHWAY 19 N CLEARWATER FL


3101 BENNETT PL AURORA IL


3601 RIVER RD HAZEL CREST IL

lt pr e v i o u s pa g e Showing page 1 of 10 pages

LUCENTDEL CORP DIV httpwwwcorpdelawaregovonlinestatusshtml httpsdelecorpdelawaregovtinGINameSearchjsp

49 matches

FILE NUMBER ENTITY NAME

2888919 LUCENTA COMPANY LTD

0641001 LUCENTA TIRE amp EQUIPMENT INC

2780121 LUCENT CABLE COMMUNICATIONS INC

2788974 LUCENT CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS LLC

2512552 LUCENT CORPORATION

3063327 LUCENT DIGITAL RADIO INC

3391533 LUCENTE ESTATES LLC

3158121 LUCENT ENTERPRISES LTD

4001678 LUCENT HARMONIES LLC

3425312 LUCENT INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC

3723804 LUCENT INTERNATIONAL LLC

2786923 LUCENT MEXICAN HOLDING COMPANY LLC

2877264 LUCENTON SECURITIES LTD

3069582 LUCENT PIGMENTS LLC

3988723 LUCENT POLYMERS INC

3070030 LUCENT PUBLIC SAFETY SYSTEMS INC

4589249 LUCENTRIC LLC

2668647 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES AGILE NETWORKS INC

2054839 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES ASIAPACIFIC INC

3075044 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CANADA LLC

3487426 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

2412578 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CONSTRUCTION SERVICES INC

2802855 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CONSUMER PRODUCTS LP

2571643 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING INC

3258124 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES FIBER GUARDIAN LLC

3036845 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES FINANCE INC

2943486 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GRL LLC

2943483 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GUARDIAN CORPORATION

3258150 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GUARDIAN I LLC

2646015 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS LLC

2910279 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS OF TAMPA LLC

2037415 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL PURCHASING COMPANY

2571646 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES KAZAKHSTAN LTD

2019180 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAQUILADORAS INC

2790277 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES ME INC

3101700 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES OCTEL LLC

3258135 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES OPTICAL NETWORKING GUARDIAN LLC

3378456 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SENTINEL I LLC

2994696 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SENTINEL INC

0936060 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES COMPANY INC

2575750 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SYSTEMS amp TECHNOLOGY AFRICA INC

0932967 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES TAIWAN INC

2646138 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES WESTERN INVESTMENTS INC

3258129 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES WIRELESS GUARDIAN LLC

3506425 LUCENTT TECHNOLOGY GROUP INC

3343664 LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS III LLC

3228330 LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS II LLC

3217225 LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS I LLC

2857766 LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS INC


File Number 3487426 Incorporation Date Formation Date

02012002(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

Entity Kind STATUTORY TRUST Entity Type GENERAL

Residency DOMESTIC State DE

REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION

Name BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

Address 100 WHITE CLAY CENTER SUITE 102

City NEWARK County NEW CASTLE

State DE Postal Code 19711

Phone

BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

1 match found


2023968 BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE


12211983(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

Entity Kind CORPORATION Entity Type BANK







Phone




08142001(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name LUCENT INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC

Entity Kind CORPORATION Entity Type GENERAL



Name AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD

Address 1220 N MARKET STREET SUITE 808

City WILMINGTON County NEW CASTLE


Phone (302)421-5752

AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD


09101991(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD




Name REGISTERED AGENTS LTD




Phone (302)421-5750

REGISTERED AGENTS LTD


0871086 REGISTERED AGENTS LTD


04181979(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name REGISTERED AGENTS LTD








Phone (302)421-5750



03271998(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name LUCENTON SECURITIES LTD




Name ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD

Address 3411 SILVERSIDE ROAD 104



Phone

ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD


2750177 ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD


05121997(mmddyyyy)

Entity Name ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD








Phone


GOOGLE

I C C Property Management - Condominimum Property Managers Toronto

property management services throughout southern Ontario including Mississauga At ICC Property Management Ltd we understand that our clients expect a quality ICC Property Management Ltd was founded for this reason alone wwwiccpropertymanagementcom - Cached - Similar

ICC Logistics Services transportation freight audit freight

They seek out firms that offer full service transportation and logistics management services ICC Logistics Services Inc is proud of the fact that we are wwwicclogisticscom - Cached - Similar

ICC Property Management Ltd | LinkedIn

Welcome to the company profile of ICC Property Management Ltd on LinkedIn Professional Condominium Management Services Now proudly in its 18th year of wwwlinkedincomcompanyicc-property - Cached - Similar

ICC - Decision Services

ICCDecision Services has been helping apparel and accessories retailers like you optimize their customer experience management programs for 31 years wwwiccdscom - Cached - Similar

ICC Inc

ICC offers its clients Engineering Procurement and Construction Management services assuring project execution meets or exceeds project intent wwwicc-incnet - Cached - Similar

ICCDecision Services Inc Private Company Information

Jan 10 2011 ICCDecision Services Inc designs and executes customer experience management programs It offers a range of qualitative and quantitative investingbusinessweekcomresearchs - Cached - Similar

Andrejs Management Inc Bayshore Property Management ICC

Bayshore Property Management ICC Property Management Ltd Pro-House Brookfield Residential Services Ltd Caber Management Services Inc wwwacmoorgpdfpressrelease0522pdf - Cached - Similar

ICC EVENTS Inc - Premier Destination Management Company in Miami

Destination Management Company in Miami for incentive travel corporate meetings Our Services ICC EVENTS INC Incentives Convention amp Cruises wwwiccmiamicom - Cached - Similar

Icc Management Inc (Icc Management Inc) - Windermere Florida (FL

Companies like Icc Management Inc usually offer Intero Real Estate Services Real Estate Virtual Assistant Services Village Real Estate Services wwwmantacomcmm0tbwdicc-managemen - Cached - Similar

ICC Capital Management

ICC Capital Management Inc is a registered investment adviser providing portfolio management services for a select group of wwwicccapitalcomhomehtml - Cached - Similar


wwwacmoorgpdfpressrelease0522pdf

[PDF IN ENTIRETY]

For Immediate Release

Andrejs Management Inc Bayshore Property Management ICC Property Management Ltd Pro-House Management Limited and YL HENDLER LTD Achieve ACMO 2000 CertificationNineteen Condominium Management Companies Now ACMO 2000 CertifiedMay 15 2007 Mississauga The Association of Condominium Managers of Ontario (ACMO) is pleased to announce that Andrejs Management Inc Bayshore Property Management ICC Property Management Ltd Pro-House Management Limited and YL HENDLER LTD have achieved ACMO 2000 Certification

The ACMO 2000 program was launched in 1999 At that time the International Standards Organization (ISO) had recognized that service industries were capable of developing measurable processes which resulted in predictable levels of service quality Today the Association of Condominium Managers of Ontario is the only Association that has created a quality of service certification program specific to its industry

ACMO 2000 certification is administered by the Business Development Bank of Canada and requires a company to demonstrate business practices within eight core areas of operation

ACMO 2000 is a complementary program to the Associationrsquos widely recognized Registered Condominium Manager (RCM) designation ldquoThere are now close to 400 RCMs in the province and condominium boards have increasingly come to expect management companies to provide an RCM to manage their propertyrdquo states Harold Cipin RCM and ACMOrsquos president ldquoThis is because they believe that an RCM has the necessary education and training to ensure the client receives quality servicerdquo

It is ACMOrsquos goal to continually raise the bar for professional and management standards and to have the RCM designation and ACMO 2000 certification become an expectation of condominium corporations and their residents

Congratulations to the management and professional teams at Andrejs Management Inc Bayshore Property Management ICC Property Management Ltd Pro-House Management Limited and YL HENDLER LTD on their successful completion of the ACMO 2000 process

They now join the following ACMO 2000 certified companies

Active Management LtdBrookfield Residential Services LtdCaber Management Services IncCLP Property Management IncComsec Property Management LtdDel Property Management IncEnhanced Management ServicesFengate Property Management LimitedLarlyn Property Management LtdMF Property Management LtdMalvern Condominium Property ManagementPercel IncProperty Management Guild IncorporatedProvincial Property Management LimitedACMO membership is open to condominium managers management companies and suppliers to the condominium community Full details of the associationrsquos services publications and membership can be found at wwwacmoorg

For further information please contact

Amanda Curtis CAEExecutive Director9058266890acurtisacmoorg

[THE ABOVE IS CROSS REFERENCED FROM ldquoICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTDrdquo BACK TO ldquoLUCENTrdquo Note this is now in ldquoONTATIO CANADArdquo]

SEC FILES LAWSUIT AGAINST LUCENT referenced on GOOGLE

Winstar files for bankruptcy sues Lucent - CNET News

provider seeks Chapter 11 protection and files a $10 billion lawsuit against Lucent Technologies According to Lucent Winstar is the one in default Market news charts SEC filings and more Related quotes newscnetcomWinstar-files-for-bankr - Cached - Similar

Report Lucent may face SEC charges

Oct 31 2002 Still SEC action against Lucent could further slow the recovery of the moribund telecommunications sector Kagan said wwwcomputerworldcomsarticleprint - Cached - Similar

TECHNOLOGY Lucent Fined $25 Million By SEC In Fraud Case - New

May 18 2004 The accusations made in a civil lawsuit filed in Federal District The accusation against Lucent comes after smaller fines were levied wwwnytimescom20040518businesst - Cached - Similar

Lucent Fined $25 Million by SEC in Fraud Case - NYTimescom

May 18 2004 The accusations made in a civil lawsuit filed in Federal wwwnytimescom20040518business1 - Similar

FOSS Patents Alcatel-Lucent subsidiary Multimedia Patent Trust

Dec 21 2010 Yesterday Multimedia Patent Trust filed a new complaint against I found an SEC filing by Microsoft that summarizes this However none of those are asserted in this new suit against Apple LG Canon and TiVo fosspatentsblogspotcom201012alca - Cached - Similar

SEC Complaint Center

Mar 21 2011 The SEC Division of Enforcement conducts investigations into possible violations of the federal securities laws and prosecutes the wwwsecgovcomplaintshtml - Cached - Similar

Alcatel-Lucent Settles SEC Bribery Case For $45M - Law360

Jan 3 2011 Alcatel-Lucent faced allegations from both the SEC and the US in 2006 when they filed charges against ex-deputy vice president for wwwlaw360comtopnewsarticles21769 - Cached - Similar

Cisco Systems Files Lawsuit Against Lucent Technologies for Patent

Aug 10 1998 Cisco Systems Files Lawsuit Against Lucent Technologies for Patent Readers are referred to the documents filed by Cisco with the SEC newsroomciscocomdllsfspnisapi1d0c - Cached - Similar

Alcantel-Lucent Settles FCPA Cases [SEE FOLLOWING ARTICLE]

Jan 5 2011 27 2010) SEC v Alcatel-Lucent SA Case No Pritzker Olsen Files Lawsuit Against Subway On Behalf Of Shigella Victim wwwlexisnexiscomcommunitylitigati - Cached - Similar

Microsoft litigation - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

Microsoft noted in their October 2005 SEC filing that they may have to After the first San Diego lawsuit was filed Microsoft and Lucent have Be Incorporated Files Suit Against Microsoft for Violations of Antitrust Laws enwikipediaorgwikiMicrosoft_litig - Cached - Similar

Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST

Alcantel-Lucent Settles FCPA Cases

The Department of Justice and the SEC settled FCPA cases with Alcantel-Lucent SA a company formed in a November 30 2006 merger involving Paris France based Alcantel SA and US based Lucent Technologies Inc US v Alcatel-Lucent SA (SDFla Dec 27 2010) US v Alcatel-Lucent France SA (SDFa Dec 27 2010) SEC v Alcatel-Lucent SA Case No 110-cv-24620 (SDFla Dec 27 2010) The cases allege violations of the anti-bribery books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA between December 2001 and June 2006 Until November 30 2006 Alcatels ADRs were registered with the Commission and traded in New York Object 2

Prior to the 2006 merger Alcatel a French telecommunications equipment and services company conducted much of its business through subsidiaries Those subsidiaries in turn retained local business agents who helped the company secure business Using this business model the company paid bribes in Costa Rica Honduras Malaysia and Taiwan It also violated the internal control provisions of the FCPA related to hiring third party agents in Kenya Nigeria Bangladesh Ecuador Nicaragua Angola Ivory Coast Uganda and Mali

Specifically during the time period the court filings stated that

bull In Costa Rica Alcatel CIT (now known as Alcatel-Lucent France SA) obtained three contracts worth more than $300 million which yielded profits of over $23 million About $18 million was paid to two consultants retained by Alcatel Standard AG (now known as Alcatel-Lucent Trade International AG) About half of that sum was passed to government officials Phony invoices were used to conceal the scheme

bull In Honduras Alcatel CIT was able to retain contracts worth about $47 million which yielded profits of about $870000 Those contacts resulted from payments made to a local consultant who was personally selected by the brother of a senior Honduran government official Significant portions of the payments made to the consultant a perfume distributor with no experience in the telecommunications business went to government officials

bull In Malaysia bribes were paid through agents to obtain or retain a telecommunications contract valued at about $85 million bull In Taiwan Alcatel Standard retained two consultants on behalf of another subsidiary in Taiwan to assist in obtaining an axle counting contract

worth about $192 million The two consultants were paid about $950000 despite the fact that neither had telecommunications experience The consultants were retained so that Alcatel SEL AG (now known as Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG) could funnel payments through them to Taiwanese legislators to influence the award of the contract which yielded profits of about $434 million

All of these payments were improperly recorded in the books and records of the subsidiaries and the parent company This resulted according to the court papers from a lax system of internal controls

To settle with DOJ the parent company entered into a deferred prosecution agreement The two count information charged violations of the FCPA internal controls and books and records provisions Under the terms of the agreement the company will pay a $92 million criminal fine and a monitor will be installed for three years In addition subsidiaries Alcatel-Lucent France SA Alcatel-Lucent Trade International AG and Alcatel Centroamerica SA (formerly known as Alcatel de Costa Rica SA) each agreed to plead guilty to a one count information charging conspiracy to violate the anti-bribery books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA

The parent company settled with the SEC by consenting to the entry of a permanent injunction prohibiting future violations of Exchange Act Sections 30A 13(b)(2)(A) 13(b)(2)(b) and 13(b)(5) The company also agreed to pay disgorgement of $45372 million and to comply with its undertakings including the appointment of an independent monitor for three years

According to DOJ the settlement reflects the cooperation of the company after the merger Prior to the merger there was limited and inadequate cooperation Following the merger cooperation improved significantly In addition the company on its own initiative and at substantial cost undertook an unprecedented pledge to alter its business model and stop using third-party sales and marketing agents in its world wide business

Previously two former Alcatel executives were charged with FCPA violations One Christian Sapsizian a French citizen and Acatel CIT executive pleaded guilty to FCPA violations and was sentenced to 30 months in prison in September 2008 Edgar Valverde Acosta a citizen of Costa Rica and former president of Alcatel de Costa Rica has not been arrested In January 2010 Alcatel-Lucent agreed to pay $10 million to settle a corruption case brought by the government of Costa Rica based out of the bribery of government officials The case is the first in Costa Ricas history in which a foreign corporation paid damages to the government for corruption

For more cutting edge commentary on developing securities issues visit SEC Actions a blog by Thomas Gorman

Alcantel-LucentD amp B

Showing page 1 of 1 page ne x t pag e gt


Headquarters ALCAN ELECTRICAL amp ENGINEERING INC Also Traded as ALCAN TEL

6670 ARCTIC SPUR RD ANCHORAGE AK

ALCAN 189 E NELSON AVE WASILLA AK

ALCAN CORPORATION

28 HANNAH`S REST FREDERIKSTED VI

ALCAR INC 214 COYOTE DR GREYBULL WY

ALCAD INC 38 MEADOW VIEW BLVD NORTH PROVIDENCE RI

ALCAS CORP 3628 SILVERSIDE RD WILMINGTON DE

ALCAN CORPORATION

9B CONTENT CHARLOTTE AMALIE VI

ALCAN CORPORATION

28 HANNAHS RST FREDERIKSTED VI

ALCAN CORPORATION

9 A ESTATE CONTANT CHARLOTTE AMALIE VI

lt pr e v i o u s pa g e Showing page 1 of 1 page

Alcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent is a global communications industry leader with the innovation expertise and vision for a connected world that moves at the speed of ideaswwwalcatel-lucentcom

Alcatel-LucenthttpenwikipediaorgwikiAlcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent is a global telecommunications corporation headquartered in the 7th arrondissement of Paris France It provides telecommunications solutions to service providers enterprises and governments around the world enabling these customers to deliver voice data and video services The company focuses on fixed mobile and converged networking hardware IP technologies software and services It holds Bell Labs one of the largest innovation and RampD houses in the communications industry[citation needed] Alcatel-Lucent has operations in more than 130 countries

The company is under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Ben Verwaayen and the non-executive Chairman of the Board is Philippe Camus Verwaayen and Camus joined the company in the third quarter of 2008 after Alcatel-Lucents first CEO Patricia Russo and first Chairman Serge Tchuruk resigned[2] For 2010 the company posted revenues of euro15996 billion and a reported net loss of euro334 million[3]

Contents

bull 1 History bull 2 Organization

bull 21 Offices bull 22 Business Groups bull 23 Management Committee [12] bull 24 Board of Directors bull 25 Research

bull 3 Lawsuits bull 31 Alcatel-Lucent v Microsoft

bull 4 Head office bull 5 References bull 6 External links

History

Alcatel-Lucent was formed when Alcatel merged with Lucent Technologies on December 1 2006 However the company as a whole has been a part of telecommunications industry since the late 19th century The company has roots in two early telecommunications companies La Compagnie Geacuteneacuterale dElectriciteacute (CGE) and the Western Electric Manufacturing Company[4]

Western Electric began in 1869 when Elisha Gray and Enos N Barton started a small manufacturing firm based in Cleveland Ohio By 1880 the company had relocated to Chicago Illinois and become the largest electrical manufacturing company in the US In 1881 the American Bell Telephone Company mdash founded by Alexander Graham Bell and forerunner of American Telephone amp Telegraph (ATampT) mdash purchased a controlling interest in Western Electric and made it the exclusive developer and manufacturer of equipment for the Bell telephone companies[4]

CGE was formed in 1898 by French engineer Pierre Azaria in the Alsace region of France[citation needed] and was a conglomerate involved in industries such as electricity transportation electronics and telecommunications CGE would become a leader in digital communications and would also be known for producing the TGV (train agrave grande vitesse) high speed trains in France[4]

Bell Telephone Laboratories was created in 1925 from the consolidation of the RampD organizations of Western Electric and ATampT Bell Labs would make significant scientific advances including the transistor the laser the solar cell battery the digital signal processor chip the Unix operating system and the cellular concept of mobile telephone service Bell Labs researchers have won 11 Nobel Prizes[4]

Also in 1925 Western Electric sold its International Western Electric Company subsidiary to ITT Corporation CGE purchased the telecommunications part of ITT in the mid-1980s[4]

ATampT also re-entered the European telecommunications market in 1984 following the break-up of ATampT Philips promoted the venture in part because its PRX public switching technology was ageing and it sought a partner to help fund the necessary development costs of digital switching The joint company used the existing manufacturing and development facilities in The Hague Hilversum Brussels and Malmesbury as well as its US resourcesto adapt the 5ESS system to the European market The joint venture company ATampT amp Philips Telecommunications BV doubled annual turnover between 1984 and in 1987 won major switching and transmission contracts mainly in the effectively captive Netherlands market In 1987 ATampT increased its holding to 60 and in 1990 it purchased the remainder of the Philips holding

In 1998 Alcatel Alsthom shifted its focus to the telecommunications industry mdash spinning off its Alsthom activities and changing the companyrsquos name to Alcatel ATampT spun off Lucent Technologies in April 1996 with an initial public offering[4]

Facing intense competition in the telecommunications industry Alcatel and Lucent Technologies merged on November 30 2006[5]

At the same time Alcatel announced that it would swap its shares of Alcatel Alenia Space and Telespazio for euro673 million and a 121 stake in Thales a key player in the French defense industry This increased Alcatelrsquos stake in Thales to 208[4]

Alcatel-Lucent acquired Nortels UMTS radio access business at the end of 2006 During 2007 the company acquired Canadian metro WDM networking supplier Tropic Networks Inc enterprise services gateway products developer NetDevices IPTV software company Tamblin and the telecommunications consulting practice Thompson Advisory Group Inc Alcatel-Lucent acquired Motive Inc a provider of service management software for broadband and mobile data services in 2008[4] They formerly had a joint venture with Dutch company Draka Holding NV for manufacturing optical fibre but Draka bought out Alcatel-Lucents 499 stake for euro209 million in December 2007[6]

In May 2009 Alcatel-Lucents stake in Thales was acquired by Dassault Aviation[7]

Alcatel-Lucent announced[8] it had acquired OpenPlug on September 1 2010

Organization

Offices

bull Global Headquarters bull 3 avenue Octave Greacuteard 75007 Paris France

bull Alcatel-Lucent has three regional groups[9] bull Americas

bull Asia Pacific amp China bull Europe Middle East amp Africa

bull Middle East and Africa Headquarters reside in 144 Smart Village Giza Egypt[10]

Business Groups

bull Applications Group - Develops software for Carriers such as digital home management and rich media applications and for Enterprises to enable deployment of applications to transform their customer service capabilities[11]

bull Networks Group - Telecommunications products for wireline wireless and convergent service providers[11] bull Enterprise and Strategic Industries Group - Provides enterprises with communications solutions such as unified communications and contact

centers IP telephony performance management software and security solutions[11] bull Services Group - Offers professional telecommunications services to carriers that encompass the entire network lifecycle[11]

Management Committee[12]

bull Paul Tufano Chief Financial Officer bull Adolfo Hernandez Europe Middle East and Africa region bull Rajeev Singh-Molares Asia-Pacific and China region bull Robert Vrij Americas region bull Kenneth Frank Solutions bull Janet Davidson Quality and Customer Care bull John Dickson Operations bull Philippe Keryer Networks Group bull Vivek Mohan Services Group bull Paul Segre Applications and Software Group bull Tom Burns Entreprise and Strategic Industries Group bull Pierre Barnabeacute Corporate Human Resources bull Jeong Kim Bell Labs bull Stephen A Carter Marketing Strategy and Communication bull Robin Dargue Business and IT Transformation

Board of Directors

bull Philippe Camus (Chairman) bull Ben Verwaayen (CEO) bull Daniel Bernard bull W Frank Blount bull Stuart Eizenstat bull Louis Hughes bull Sylvia Jay bull Carla Cico bull Jean Monty bull Olivier Piou bull Jean-Cyril Spinetta bull Jean Pierre Desbois bull Bertrand Lapraye

Research

bull Bell Labs is Alcatel-Lucents research amp development organization[13] bull Alcatel-Lucent spent euro25 billion for RampD in 2008

bull Alcatel-Lucent spent euro24 billion for RampD in 2009 bull Alcatel-Lucent Bell-Labs currently has 27600 active patents[14]

bull 2100 patents granted in 2009 alone bull Is involved in 100 worldwide standardization bodies

Lawsuits

Alcatel-Lucent v Microsoft

Main article Alcatel-Lucent v Microsoft

Lucent Technologies filed suit against Gateway and Dell claiming they had violated patents on MP3 MPEG and other technologies developed by Bell Labs a division of predecessor company American Telephone amp Telegraph Microsoft voluntarily joined the lawsuit in April 2003 and Alcatel was added after it acquired Lucent The case involving a number of patents is pending in US District Court in San Diego California[when]

The first part of the case involved two audio coding patents that Alcatel-Lucent claimed were infringed by Microsofts Windows Media Player application Alcatel-Lucent won the trial and $152 billion in damages but the judge granted[15] Microsofts motion for judgment and new trial[16] [17] Alcatel-Lucent says it will appeal[18][dead link]

In the second part of the case the judge ruled that Microsoft had not violated Alcatel-Lucents patents relating to speech recognition and the case was therefore dismissed before going to trial Alcatel-Lucent intends to appeal[19] [20]

The third part of the case involving several user interface-related patents is scheduled to begin on 21 May 2013

Additional patent infringement cases some filed by Microsoft and some filed by Alcatel-Lucent are pending in the US

Head office

Alcatel-Lucent head office

Alcatel-Lucent has its head office in the 7th arrondissement of Paris France since June 2010[21] Its previous head office in the 8th arrondissement of Paris built between 1912 and 1929 was renovated in 1998 During the renovation the building was decorated with a theme of the cosmos and time[22]

References

1 ^ a b c d e f Annual Report 2010 Alcatel-Lucent httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsDocumentStreamerServletLMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Financial_InfoIncome_Statements2010-ALU-20-f-filedpdf Retrieved 13 April 2011

2 Alcatel-Lucent (2008-07-29) Alcatel-Lucent announces Chairman Serge Tchuruk and CEO Pat Russo to step down Press release httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_YwLMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2008News_Article_001159xml Retrieved 2009-04-28

3 Alcatel-Lucent (2011-02-10) Alcatel-Lucent fourth quarter 2010 earnings Press release httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_YwLMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2011News_Article_002343xml

4 ^ a b c d e f g h Alcatel-Lucent History Company Overview Alcatel-Lucent 2009 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3sfQGSYGYRq6m-

pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAdXXZMAdeltabase64xmlL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNUxJ Retrieved 2009-04-28

5 Alcatel-Lucent Merger Timeline News Features Alcatel-Lucent 2006 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w39w3RL8h2VAQAGOJBYALMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_FeaturesNews_Feature_Detail_000046xml Retrieved 2010-04-25

6 Leers Kaj (2007-12-18) Draka to pay 209 mln eur to Alcatel-Lucent for 499 pct stake in Comteq JV Forbes httpwwwforbescomfeedsafx20071218afx4450827html retrieved 2010-07-28

7 Dassault Aviation completes the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucentrsquos stakes in Thales Press Release Alcatel-Lucent 2009 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MfQFSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjgiRIH1vfV-P_NxU_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAAD_zXgdeltabase64xmlL0lJayEvUUd3QndJQSEvNElVRkNBISEvNl9BX0U4QS9lbl93dwLMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2009News_Article_001575xml Retrieved 2010-04-25

8 Alcatel-Lucent acquires OpenPlug a cross-platform mobile software development tool provider Press Release Alcatel-Lucent 2010 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MfQFSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjgiRIH1vfV-P_NxU_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAAD_zXgdeltabase64xmlL0lJayEvUUd3QndJQSEvNElVRkNBISEvNl9BX0U4QS9lbl93dwLMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_CtrampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2010News_Article_002180xml Retrieved 2010-11-04

9 Regional Groups Company Overview Alcatel-Lucent 2009 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3sfQGSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAdXXZMAdeltabase64xmlL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEox Retrieved 2009-04-28

10 ALU MEA Alcatel-Lucent httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalcountryLMSG_CABINET=CorporateampLMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Country_ContentMiddle_EastCountryxmlamplu_lang_code=en_AA Retrieved 2009-06-02

11^ a b c d Operating Segments Company Overview Alcatel-Lucent 2010 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3cTECSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UA8x670Qdeltabase64xmlL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEow Retrieved 2010-06-09

12 Management Team About Us Alcatel-Lucent 2010 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w38vAGSYGZrqb6kShiBvGOCBFfj_zcVP0gfW_9AP2C3NCIckdHRQCIDusEdeltabase64xmlL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEoy Retrieved 2010-04-23

13 Innovation Alcatel-Lucent 2009 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalutpkcxml04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w38TIASYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAD-d6Zgdeltabase64xmlL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfQlRD Retrieved 2009-04-28

14 Company Overview page(also look at facts sheet tab) Alcatel-Lucent 2010 httpwwwalcatel-lucentcomwpsportalAboutUsOverview Retrieved 2010-11-10

15 Pleading Paper

16 Microsoft faces $15bn MP3 payout BBC News 2007-02-22 httpnewsbbccouk1hibusiness6388273stm Retrieved 2010-04-23

17 Microsoft hit with $15 billion patent verdict | CNET Newscom

18 Bangeman Eric (2007-08-06) Judge tosses verdict $152 billion award in Microsoft MP3 patent case arstechnica httporiginarstechnicacomnewsarspost20070806-judge-tosses-verdict-1-52-billion-award-in-microsoft-mp3-patent-casehtml

19 Broache Anne (2007-03-02) Microsoft wins in second Alcatel-Lucent patent suit CNET Newscom httpnewscomcomMicrosoft+wins+in+second+Alcatel-Lucent+patent+suit2100-1014_3-6163828htmltag=nefdtop Retrieved 2007-03-04

20 Montalbano Elizabeth (2007-03-03) One Patent Claim Against Microsoft Dropped httpwwwpcworldcomarticleid129581-clegalissuesarticlehtml

21 [1] Alcatel-Lucent Fact Sheet Retrieved on 13 September 2010

22 la tecircte dans les eacutetoiles Le Journal du Net Retrieved on 8 July 2010

External links

Alcatel-Lucent company website

bull Alcatel-Lucents Enriching Communications online magazine bull Alcatel-Lucent History bull Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs portal bull Alcatel-Lucent Company Summary from Yahoo bull Western Electric History bull Western Electric History Chart bull Bell System Memorial bull Alcatel Vacuum Technology UK

wwwalcatel-lucentcom

NIKOLA TESLA CONNECTION TO LUCENT

Above The newspaper articles explaining the multiple function of the Tesla Tower Many of todays technologies have originated from the Tesla-Wardenclyffe Tower concept World wireless telecommunication and wireless transmission of electrical energy was originately Teslas concept

wwwteslasocietycomdeathrayhtm

Lost Tesla Papers about the Death Rays

bull Click here for Nikola Tesla interview in the New York Time about the Death Rays

Nikola Tesla died on January 7th 1943 in Hotel New Yorker in Manhattan in room 3327 on the 33rd floor of the hotel Immediately after Teslarsquos death Tesla scientific papers vanished from his hotel room in Hotel New Yorker Tesla papers were never found Tesla papers contained scientific data and information about ldquoDeath Raysrdquo which could be used for military purposes

In 1947 the Military Intelligence service identified the writings about the particle-beam contained in Teslarsquos scientific papers as ldquoextremely importantrdquo Military intelligence services of the USA Germany and USSR were vitally interested in Teslarsquos ldquoDeath Raysrdquo

The current beam-weapon program is originated from Teslarsquos ldquoDeath Raysrdquo idea

Tesla claimed of having invented a ldquodeath rayrdquo capable of destroying 10000 enemy airplanes at a distance of 250 miles (400 kilometers)

On July 23 1934 Time Magazine wrote an article about Teslarsquos Ray

ldquoLast week Dr Tesla announced a combination of four inventions which would make war unthinkable

Nucleus of the idea is a death ray-a concentrated beam of sub-microscopic particles flying at velocities approaching that of light The beam according to Tesla would drop an army in its tracks bring down squadrons of airplanes 250 miles away Inventor Tesla would discharge the ray by means of 1) a device to nullify the impeding effect of the atmosphere on the particles 2)a method for setting up high potential 3) a process for amplifying that potential to 50000000 volts 4) creation of ldquoa tremendous electrical repelling forcerdquo

Tesla ldquoDeath Raysrdquo are Particle Beams

Particle beams are special sorts of electro-magnetic waves a special sort of light

The white light or daily light is a mixture of different length of waves White light is a mixture of many colors which can be separated Red light has long waves whereas blue light has short waves

The waves making up a particle beam are quite different Not only are all the waves the same length but they are lined up so that the tops (peaks) of the waves coincide with each other

Particle beams can be concentrated into a tiny point They have tremendous energy

Particle beams can produce enough heat to turn a metal into a vapor They are accurate cutting tools that can even cut diamond the hardest substance known to man Particle beams are powerful enough to cut through metal in military operations a particle beam can be bounced off a target such as an enemy airplane or ship to determine its distance and speed Particle gyroscopes (guidance devices) are being develop to direct bombs and artillery shells to their target

Today particle beams are used also in medicine for microsurgery in delicate brain surgery and for coagulation of bleeding vessels into the eye structure of retina They are also used to treat detached retina The particle ldquokniferdquo is completely sterile and seals small blood vessels as it cuts minimizing tissue bleeding

[ IF THE READER THINKS THIS IS FAR FETCHED SEE THE STEVEN SEIGAL MOVE ldquoUNDER SEIGE II DARK TERRITORY 1995] This movie is about a satellite that causes ldquosesmic eventsrdquo both against aircraft or on land

The reader should also note current certain communications commercials that show a tower on the ldquotop of the worldrdquo that is coincidentally very similar to Nikola Teslas project Then go back to Otto Skorzeny to Bush and note the author wrote Skorzeny and Bushs intent was to ldquoto destroy the Constitutional form of Government in the United States through technology and with the banks through use of threat intimidation espionage and murderrdquo]

httpwwwteslasocietycomteslabanquethtm

WARDENCLYFFE TOWER (1901-1905)

NIKOLA TESLA

bull Teslas Tower of Power bull Damn Interesting

Sep 3 2008 Wardenclyffe TowerIn 1905 a team of construction workers in the small village feel free to slog though its conspiracy scented mire wwwdamninterestingcomteslas-tower- - Cached ndash Similar

The Tesla Radio Conspiracy

Nov 6 2007 The Tesla Radio Conspiracy Who invented radio remote control the Wardenclyffe Tower to send energy throughout the planet teslaradioconspiracyblogspotcom - Cached ndash Similar

HAARP - Discussion and Encyclopedia Article Who is HAARP What is

The project is a favorite target for conspiracy theorists towers are similar in appearance to the abortive Wardenclyffe Tower of Nikola Tesla wwwknowledgerushcomkrencyclopedia - Cached ndash Similar

A recreation of the Wardenclyffe Tower page 1

A recreation of the Wardenclyffe Tower page 1 Pages ATS Members have flagged this thread 0 times Topic started on 2-12-2008 0159 AM wwwabovetopsecretcomforumthread41 - Cached ndash Similar

Conspiracy Theories amp Secret Societies For Dummies - Google Books Result

Christopher Hodapp Alice Von Kannon - 2008 - 362 pagesWardenclyffe Tower and Teslas ldquoWorld Systemrdquo Starting in 1901 On Long Island he began to build a 187-foot tower called Wardenclyffe Tower booksgooglecombooksisbn=0470184086

Nikola Tesla and the Wardenclyffe Tower

Nov 11 2010 The Wardenclyffe Tower was located at Shoreham Long Island New York Many people believe there was a conspiracy by the government to wwwarticlesbasecomcommunication-ar - Cached - Similar

George Westinghouse raquo Nikola Tesla and the Wardenclyffe Tower

The Wardenclyffe Tower was also designed by Tesla to show that power can be Is the conspiracy real or just a hoax Check out the Tesla Secret reviews wwwwestinghouseco2816619_nikola-te - Cached - Similar

Wardenclyffe Tower and Teslas Dreams of Wireless Electricity

In his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project Tesla was building a ldquoworld The conspiracy theorists say that rumor was spread by JP Morgan and some of wwwgreenjoymentcomnikola-tesla-wir - Cached - Similar

The Wardenclyffe Tower - SpaceBattlescom

The Wardenclyffe Tower Space Battles and Lizardman from space and oh yea Jews are evil conspiracy and Holocaust didnt happen forumsspacebattlescomshowthreadph - Cached - Similar

Mysterious Tunguska Explosion of 1908 in Siberia may - Tesla

Above Wardenclyffe Tower in Shoreham Long Island New York with electrical sparks Tesla built this tower to transfer electricity without wires to wwwteslasocietycomtunguskahtm - Cached - Similar

Teslarsquos Tower of PowerWritten by Alan Bellows on 03 September 2008 httpwwwdamninterestingcomteslas-tower-of-power We are now only days away from our manuscript-delivery-deadline for the Damn Interesting book Once thatrsquos behind us we can return to our regularly scheduled writing In the meantime herersquos a re-run from 10 July 2007

Wardenclyffe TowerIn 1905 a team of construction workers in the small village of Shoreham New York labored to erect a truly extraordinary structure Over a period of several years the men had managed to assemble the framework and wiring for

the 187-foot-tall Wardenclyffe Tower in spite of severe budget shortfalls and a few engineering snags The project was overseen by its designer the eccentric-yet-ingenious inventor Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 ndash 7 January 1943) Atop his tower was perched a fifty-five ton dome of conductive metals and beneath it stretched an iron root system that penetrated more than 300 feet into the Earthrsquos crust ldquoIn this system that I have invented it is necessary for the machine to get a grip of the earthrdquo he explained ldquootherwise it cannot shake the earth It has to have a griphellip so that the whole of this globe can quiverrdquo

Though it was far from completion it was rumored to have been tested on several occasions with spectacular crowd-pleasing results The ultimate purpose of this unique structure was to change the world forever

Teslarsquos inventions had already changed the world on several occasions most notably when he developed modern alternating current technology He had also won fame for his victory over Thomas Edison in the well-publicized ldquobattle of currentsrdquo where he proved that his alternating current was far more practical and safe than Edison-brand direct current Soon his technology dominated the worldrsquos developing electrical infrastructure and by 1900 he was widely regarded as Americarsquos greatest electrical engineer This reputation was reinforced by his other major innovations including the Tesla coil the radio transmitter and fluorescent lamps

In 1891 Nikola Tesla gave a lecture for the members of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in New York City where he made a striking demonstration In each hand he held a gas discharge tube an early version of the modern fluorescent bulb The tubes were not connected to any wires but nonetheless they glowed brightly during his demonstration Tesla explained to the awestruck attendees that the electricity was being transmitted through the air by the pair of metal sheets which sandwiched the stage He went on to speculate how one might increase the scale of this effect to transmit wireless power and information over a broad area perhaps even the entire Earth As was often the case Teslarsquos audience was engrossed but bewildered

Illustration showing Teslas demonstration of wireless electricityBack at his makeshift laboratory at Pikersquos Peak in Colorado Springs the eccentric scientist continued to wring the secrets out of electromagnetism to further explore this possibility He rigged his equipment with the intent to produce the first lightning-scale electrical discharges ever accomplished by mankind a feat which would allow him to test many of his theories about the conductivity of the Earth and the sky For this purpose he erected a 142-foot mast on his laboratory roof with a copper sphere on the tip The towerrsquos substantial wiring was then routed through an exceptionally large high-voltage Tesla coil in the laboratory below On the night of his experiment following a one-second test charge which momentarily set the night alight with an eerie blue hum Tesla ordered his assistant to fully electrify the tower

Though his notes do not specifically say so one can only surmise that Tesla stood at Pikersquos Peak and cackled diabolically as the night sky over Colorado was cracked by the man-made lightning machine Colossal bolts of electricity arced hundreds of feet from the towerrsquos top to lick the landscape A curious blue corona soon enveloped the crackling equipment Millions of volts charged the atmosphere for several moments but the awesome display ended abruptly when the power suddenly failed All of the windows throughout Colorado Springs went dark as the local power stationrsquos industrial-sized generator collapsed under the strain But amidst such dramatic discharges Tesla confirmed that the Earth itself could be used as an electrical conductor and verified some of his suspicions regarding the conductivity of the ionosphere In later tests he recorded success in an attempt to illuminate light bulbs from afar though the exact conditions of these experiments have been lost to obscurity In any case Tesla became convinced that his dream of world-wide wireless electricity was feasible

In 1900 famed financier JP Morgan learned of Teslarsquos convictions after reading an article in Century Magazine wherein the scientist described a global network of high-voltage towers which could one day control the weather relay text and

images wirelessly and provide ubiquitous electricity via the atmosphere Morgan hoping to capitalize on the future of wireless telegraphy immediately invested $150000 to relocate Teslarsquos lab to Long Island to construct a pilot plant for this ldquoWorld Wireless Systemrdquo Construction of Wardenclyffe Tower and its dedicated power generating facility began the following year

Teslas lab at pikes peakIn December 1901 a scant few months after construction began a competing scientist named Guglielmo Marconi executed the worldrsquos first trans-Atlantic wireless telegraph signal Teslarsquos investors were deeply troubled by the development despite the fact that Marconi borrowed from seventeen Tesla patents to accomplish his feat Though Marconirsquos plans were considerably less ambitious in scale his apparatus was also considerably less expensive Work at Wardenclyffe continued but Tesla realized that this his competitorrsquos success with simple wireless telegraphy had greatly diminished the likelihood of further investments in his own much grander project

In 1908 Tesla described his sensational aspirations in an article for Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony magazine

ldquoAs soon as completed it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere He will be able to call up from his desk and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe without any change whatever in the existing equipment An inexpensive instrument not bigger than a watch will enable its bearer to hear anywhere on sea or land music or song the speech of a political leader the address of an eminent man of science or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman delivered in some other place however distant In the same manner any picture character drawing or print can be transferred from one to another place Millions of such instruments can be operated from but one plant of this kind More important than all of this however will be the transmission of power without wires which will be shown on a scale large enough to carry convictionrdquo

In essence Teslarsquos global power grid was designed to ldquopumprdquo the planet with electricity which would intermingle with the natural telluric currents that move throughout the Earthrsquos crust and oceans At the same time towers like the one at Wardenclyffe would fling columns of raw energy skyward into the electricity-friendly ionosphere fifty miles up To tap into this energy conduit customersrsquo homes would be equipped with a buried ground connection and a relatively small spherical antenna on the roof thereby creating a low-resistance path to close the giant Earth-ionosphere circuit Oceangoing ships could use a similar antenna to draw power from the network while at sea In addition to electricity these currents could carry information over great distances by bundling radio-frequency energy along with the power much like the modern technology to send high-speed Internet data over power lines

Nikola Tesla Given his supporting experimental data and previous engineering accomplishments there was little reason to doubt the veracity of Teslarsquos claims But building the power station the huge wooden tower and the fifty-five ton conductive dome depleted the original investment money relatively quickly leading to chronic funding shortages The complications were further compounded by a stock market crash in 1901 which doubled the cost of building materials and sent investors scurrying for financial cover

The Wardenclyffe team tested their tower a handful of times during construction and the results were very encouraging but the project soon devoured Teslarsquos personal savings and it became increasingly clear that no new investments were forthcoming In 1905 having exhausted all practical financial options the construction efforts were abandoned Regarding the projectrsquos demise Tesla stated

ldquoIt is not a dream it is a simple feat of scientific electrical engineering only expensive mdash blind faint-hearted doubting world [] Humanity is not yet sufficiently advanced to be willingly led by the discovererrsquos keen searching sense But who knows Perhaps it is better in this present world of ours that a revolutionary idea or invention instead of being helped and patted be hampered and ill-treated in its adolescence mdash by want of means by selfish interest pedantry stupidity and ignorance that it be attacked and stifled that it pass through bitter trials and tribulations through the strife of commercial existence So do we get our light So all that was great in the past was ridiculed condemned combatted suppressed mdash only to emerge all the more powerfully all the more triumphantly from the strugglerdquo

If Teslarsquos plans had come to fruition the pilot plant would have been merely the first of many Such ldquomagnifying transmitterrdquo towers would have peppered the globe saturating the planet with free electricity and wireless communication as early as the 1920s Instead the futuristic facilityrsquos potential went untapped for over a decade until the tower was finally demolished for salvage in 1917

The fall of Wardenclyffe thrust the brilliant inventor into a deep depression and financial distress and in the years that followed his colleagues began to seriously doubt his mental well-being His eccentricities became increasingly exaggerated underscored by his tendency to bring home and care for the injured pigeons he encountered during his daily visits to the park He also developed an unnatural fear of germs washing his hands compulsively and refusing to eat any food which had not been disinfected through boiling But his mind remained pregnant with groundbreaking ideas as he demonstrated when he described radar technology in 1917 almost twenty years before it became a reality

Tesla in front of the spiral coil of his high-frequency transformerIn 1928 aged seventy-two years he filed one of his last patents it described an ingenious lightweight flying machine that was an early precursor to todayrsquos tilt-rotor Vertical Short Takeoff and Landing (VSTOL) planes such as the V-22 Osprey

Nikola Tesla shuffled off this mortal coil in 1943 suffering a heart attack alone in his hotel room Though he kept copious diaries of his experiments and ideas throughout his life they were notoriously vague and lacking in technical details He preferred to rely on his photographic memory for such nuances therefore much of his knowledge went with him to the grave Some modern investigations and calculations however do support Teslarsquos contention that wireless electricity is not only feasible but it may have even been a superior alternative to the extensive and costly grid of power lines which crisscross our globe today

Had Wardenclyffe been completed without interruption Tesla may have once again managed to alter the course of history Instant access to power information pirated phonograph cylinders and lewd photos of bare-ankled floozies on the TeslaNet may have ushered in the Information Age almost a century ahead of schedule making todayrsquos world a very different place indeed Perhaps one day we will enjoy the future that Tesla envisioned albeit a bit behind schedule

Happy 151st birthday Nikola

Suggested by Matt

Further readingWikipedia Wardenclyffe TowerPBS page Tesla Master of LightningA photo archive of Tesla and his inventionsA Story of Youth Told by Age by Nikola Tesla Buy Teslarsquos Autobiography My Inventions on Amazoncom

Wardenclyffe Tower (1901ndash1917) also known as the Tesla Tower was an early wireless telecommunications tower designed by Nikola Tesla and intended for commercial trans-Atlantic wireless telephony broadcasting and to demonstrate the transmission of power without interconnecting wires[1] [2] The core facility was not completed due to financial problems and was never fully operational[3]

The tower was named after James S Warden a western lawyer and banker who had purchased land for the endeavor in Shoreham Long Island about sixty miles from Manhattan Here he built a resort community known as Wardenclyffe-On-Sound Warden believed that with the implementation of Teslas world system a Radio City would arise in the area He

offered Tesla 200 acres (81 hectares) of land close to a railway line on which to build his wireless telecommunications tower and laboratory facility

Contents

bull 1 History bull 11 Construction bull 12 Post-Tesla era bull 13 Preservation efforts

bull 2 Facility grounds bull 3 World Wireless System

bull 31 The transmission of electrical energy bull 32 One-wire transmission bull 33 Wireless transmission bull 34 Theory of wireless transmission bull 35 Electrical transmission and reception bull 36 Common misconceptions

bull 361 Propagation mode bull 362 World System functionality bull 363 Schumann Cavity resonance hypothesis bull 364 Ionospheric conduction

bull 37 A Variant Receiver bull 4 The Particle Beam Invention bull 5 Telefunken Station bull 6 Quotes bull 7 Related patents bull 8 See also bull 9 Notes bull 10 Further reading bull 11 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Teslas Wardenclyffe plant on Long Island in partial stage of completion Work on the 55-foot-diameter (17 m) cupola had not yet begun Note the coal car parked next to the building From this facility Tesla hoped to demonstrate wireless transmission of electrical energy across the Atlantic Circa 1902

Nikola Tesla began planning the Wardenclyffe Tower facility ca 1898 and in 1901 construction began on the land near Long Island Sound Architect Stanford White designed the Wardenclyffe facility main building The tower was designed by WD Crow an associate of White Funding for Teslas project was provided by influential industrialists and other venture capitalists The project was initially backed by the wealthy J P Morgan who had invested $150000 in the facility (more than $3 million in 2009 dollars)[4]

In June 1902 Tesla moved his laboratory operations from his Houston Street laboratory to Wardenclyffe However in 1903 when the tower structure was near completion it was still not yet functional due to last-minute design changes In addition to commercial wireless telecommunications Tesla intended the tower be used to demonstrate how electrical energy could be transmitted without the need for power lines A story has arisen that the power consumption could not be metered and Morgan who could not foresee any financial gain from providing free electricity to everyone balked Construction costs eventually exceeded the money provided by Morgan and additional financiers were reluctant to come forward (Teslas other major financier was John Jacob Astor) By July 1904 Morgan (and the other investors) finally decided they would not provide any additional financing Morgan also discouraged other investors from backing the project In May 1905 Teslas patents on alternating current motors and other methods of power transmission expired halting royalty payments and causing a severe reduction of funding to the Wardenclyffe Tower In an attempt to find alternative funding Tesla advertised the services of the Wardenclyffe facility but he met with little success By this time Tesla had also designed the Tesla turbine at Wardenclyffe and produced Tesla coils for sale to various businesses

By 1905 since Tesla could not find any more backers most of the sites activity had to be shut down Employees were laid off in 1906 but parts of the building remained in use until 1907 In 1908 the property was foreclosed for the first time Tesla procured a new mortgage from George C Boldt proprietor of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel The facility was partially abandoned around 1911 and the tower structure deteriorated Between 1912 and 1915 Teslas finances unraveled and when the funders wanted to know how they were going to recapture their investments Tesla was unable to give satisfactory answers Newspaper headlines of the time labeled it Teslas million-dollar folly The facilitys main building was breached and vandalized around this time Collapse of the Wardenclyffe project may have contributed to the mental breakdown Tesla experienced during this period Coupled to the personal tragedy of Wardenclyffe was the 1895 fire at 35 South 5th Avenue New York in the building which housed Teslas laboratory In this fire he lost much of his equipment notes and documents This produced a state of severe depression for Tesla

Post-Tesla era

In 1915 legal ownership of the Wardenclyffe property was transferred to George Boldt of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for a $20000 debt (about $400000 in 2009 dollars)[4] In September 1917 during World War I the tower was blown up with dynamite on orders of the United States Government which feared German spies were using it and that it could be used as a landmark for German submarines[5] Tesla was not in New York during the towers destruction

George Boldt wished to make the property available for sale On April 20 1922 Tesla lost an appeal of judgment versus his backers in the second foreclosure This effectively locked Tesla out of any future development of the facility In 1925 the property ownership was transferred to Walter L Johnson of Brooklyn On March 6 1939 Plantacres Inc purchased the facilitys land and subsequently leased it to Peerless Photo Products Inc AGFA Corporation bought the property from Peerless and is the current owner The main building remains standing to this day Agfa used the site from 1969 to 1992 then closed the facility The site has undergone a final cleanup of waste produced during its Photo Products era The clean up was conducted under the scrutiny of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and paid for by AGFA In 2009 they put the property up for sale for $1650000 Agfa has advertised that the land can ldquobe delivered fully cleared and levelrdquo It says it spent $5 million through September 2008 cleaning up silver and cadmium[4] [6] [7]

Preservation efforts

On February 14 1967 the nonprofit public benefit corporation Brookhaven Town Historical Trust was established It selected the Wardenclyffe facility to be designated as a historic site and as the first site to be preserved by the Trust on March 3 1967 The Brookhaven Town Historic Trust was rescinded by resolution on Feb 1 1972 There were never any appointments made after a legal opinion was received it was never set up properly[8] On July 7 1976 a plaque from Yugoslavia was installed by representatives from Brookhaven National Laboratory [9] near the entrance of the building It reads[10]

Stanford White Building at the corner of Tesla Street and New York Route 25A in July 2009

IN THIS BUILDINGDESIGNED BY STANFORD WHITE ARCHITECT

NIKOLA TESLABORN SMILJAN YUGOSLAVIA 1856mdashDIED NEW YORK USA 1943

CONSTRUCTED IN 1901-1905 WARDENCLYFFEHUGE RADIO STATION WITH ANTENNA TOWER

187 FEET HIGH DESTROYED 1917 WHICHWAS TO HAVE SERVED AS HIS FIRST WORLD

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMIN MEMORY OF 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF TESLAS BIRTH

AND 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE USA INDEPENDENCE

July 10 1976

The sign was stolen from the property in November 2009 An anonymous benefactor is offering a $2000 reward if it is returned to the property[11]

National landmarking of the structure is awaiting completion of plant decommissioning activities by its present owner[12]

In 1976 an application was filed to nominate the main building for listing on the National Register of Historic Places It failed to get approval In 1994 the campaign for placement of the Wardenclyffe facility on the National Register of Historic Places of New York was renewed In October 1994 a second Application for formal nomination was filed The New York State Office of Parks Recreation and Historic Preservation conducted inspections and determined the facility meets New York State criteria for historic designation A second visit was made on February 25 2009 The site cannot be registered until it is nominated by a willing owner

Facility grounds

Artistic representation of the station completed including the tower structure

Wardenclyffe is located near the Shoreham Post Office and Shoreham Fire House on Route 25A in Shoreham Long Island New York Wardenclyffe was divided into two main sections The tower which was located in the back and the main building compose the entire facility grounds At one time the property was about 200 acres (081 km2) Now it consists of slightly less than 16 acres (65000 m2)

The wood-framed tower was 186 feet (57 m) tall and the cupola 68 feet (207 m) in diameter It had a 55-ton steel (some report it was a better conducting material such as copper) hemispherical structure at the top (referred to as a cupola) Designed by one of Stanford Whites associates the structure was such as to allow each piece to be taken out if needed and replaced as necessary The transmitter itself was to have been powered by a 200 kilowatt Westinghouse alternating current industrial generator Beneath the tower a shaft sank 120 feet (366 m) into the ground Sixteen iron pipes were placed one length after another 300 additional feet (944 m) in order for the machine in Teslas words to have a grip on the earth so the whole of this globe can quiver[13]

The main building occupied the rest of the facility grounds It included a laboratory area instrument room boiler room generator room and machine shop Inside the main building there were electromechanical devices electrical generators electrical transformers glass blowing equipment X-ray devices Tesla coils a remote controlled boat cases with bulbs and tubes wires cables a library and an office It was constructed in the style of the Italian Renaissance

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article titled World Wireless System (Discuss)

World Wireless System

The transmission of electrical energy

In 1891 and 1892 Tesla had used an oscillatory transformer that bears his name in demonstration lectures delivered before meetings of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) in New York City[14] and the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) in London[15] Of two striking results that Tesla demonstrated one was that the wireless transmission of electrical energy was possible A later presentation titled On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena (PhiladelphiaSt Louis Franklin Institute in 1893)[16] was a key event in the invention of radio and could also be said to have begun the development of Wardenclyffe

One-wire transmission

In the early presentations the first experiment to be demonstrated was the operation of light and motive devices connected by a single wire to only one terminal of a high frequency induction coil presented during the 1891 New York City lecture at Columbia University While a single terminal incandescent lamp connected to one of an induction coilrsquos secondary terminals does not form a closed circuit ldquoin the ordinary acceptance of the termrdquo the circuit is closed in the sense that a

return path is established back to the secondary by what Tesla called ldquoelectrostatic inductionrdquo (or displacement currents) This is due to the lamprsquos filament or refractory button capacitance relative to the coilrsquos free terminal and environment the free terminal also has capacitance relative to the lamp and environment At high frequencies the displacement current through these capacitances is sufficient to light the lamp

Wireless transmission

The Tesla effect[17] [18] [19] A World Wireless system for the transmission of electrical energy that depends upon Earths electrical conductivity and electrical coupling through the upper atmosphere was proposed by Tesla[20] [21] [22]

The second result demonstrated how energy could be made to go through space without any connecting wires This was the first step towards a practical wireless system The wireless energy transmission effect involved the creation of an electric field between two metal plates each being connected to one terminal of an induction coilrsquos secondary winding Once again a light-producing device (in this case a gas discharge tube) was used as a means of detecting the presence of the transmitted energy The most striking result obtained involved the lighting of two partially evacuated tubes in an alternating electrostatic field while held in the hand of the experimenter In Teslas words

I suspend a sheet of metal a distance from the ceiling on insulating cords and connect it to one terminal of the induction coil the other terminal being preferably connected to the ground Or else I suspend two sheets as illustrated in Fig 29 125 each sheet being connected with one of the terminals of the coil and their size being carefully determined An exhausted tube may then be carried in the hand anywhere between the sheets or placed anywhere even a certain distance beyond them it remains always luminous[23]

Here Tesla describes two different types of wireless transmitter both employing a high-tension induction coil One had a sheet of metal suspended from the ceiling and connected to one of the induction coilrsquos terminals with the other terminal being connected to ground The other type of transmitter had two sheets of metal suspended from the ceiling each being connected to one of the coilrsquos high-voltage terminals

Theory of wireless transmission

While working to develop an explanation for the two observed effects mentioned above Tesla recognized that electrical energy can be projected outward into space and detected by a receiving instrument in the general vicinity of the source without the need for any interconnecting wires He went on to develop two theories related to these observations which are

1 By using two Tesla coil transmitter-receivers positioned at distant points on the Earthrsquos surface it is possible to induce a flow of electrical current between them

2 By incorporating a portion of the Earth as part of a powerful dual-elevated-terminal Tesla coil transmitter an electrical disturbance can be impressed upon the Earth and detected ldquoat great distance or even all over the surface of the globerdquo[23]

Tesla also made the assumption that the Earth is a charged body floating in space

A point of great importance would be first to know what is the capacity of the Earth and what charge does it contain if electrified Though we have no positive evidence of a charged body existing in space without other oppositely electrified bodies being near there is a fair probability that the Earth is such a body for by whatever process it was separated from other bodiesmdashand this is the accepted view of its originmdashit must have retained a charge as occurs in all processes of mechanical separation[23]

Tesla was familiar with demonstrations that involved the charging of Leyden jar capacitors and isolated metal spheres with

electrostatic influence machines (in modern terms high-voltage (kV) low-current (μA) electrostatic generators) By bringing these elements into close proximity with each other and also by making direct contact followed by their separation the charge can be manipulated He surely had this in mind in the creation of his mental image not being able to know that the model of Earthrsquos origin was inaccurate The presently accepted model of planetary origin is one of accretion and collision

If it be a charged body insulated in space its capacity should be extremely small less than one-thousandth of a farad[23]

We now know that the Earth is a charged body made so by processesmdashat least in partmdashrelated to the interaction between the continuous stream of charged particles called the solar wind that flows outward from the center of our solar system and Earthrsquos magnetosphere And we also know that Teslas capacitance estimate was correct Earths self-capacitance is about 710 microfarads[24]

But the upper strata of the air are conducting and so perhaps is the medium in free space beyond the atmosphere and these may contain an opposite charge Then the capacity might be incomparably greater[23]

We now also know that Earths upper atmospheric strata are conducting or can be made so

In any case it is of the greatest importance to get an idea of what quantity of electricity the Earth contains[23]

An additional condition of which we are now aware is that the Earth possesses a naturally existing negative charge with respect to the conducting region of the atmosphere beginning at an elevation of about 50 km The potential difference between the Earth and this region is on the order of 400000 volts Near the Earths surface there is a ubiquitous downward directed E-field of about 100 Vm Tesla referred to this charge as the ldquoelectric niveaurdquo or electric level[25]

It is difficult to say whether we shall ever acquire this necessary knowledge but there is hope that we may and that is by means of electrical resonance If ever we can ascertain at what period the Earths charge when disturbed oscillates with respect to an oppositely electrified system or known circuit we shall know a fact possibly of the greatest importance to the welfare of the human race I propose to seek for the period by means of an electrical oscillator or a source of alternating electric currents[26]

Some maintain the 200 kW wireless facility would have functioned by the production and propagation of electromagnetic radiation also known as the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) radio wave but this is not the case

I am not producing radiation in my system I am suppressing electromagnetic waves But on the other hand my apparatus can be used effectively with electromagnetic waves The apparatus has nothing to do with this new method except that it is the only means to practice it So that in my system you should free yourself of the idea that there is radiation that energy is radiated It is not radiated it is conserved[27]

By Teslas own account his earth resonance system works by the creation of powerful disturbances in Earths natural electric charge The Wardenclyffe facility had a dual purpose In addition to point-to-point telecommunications and broadcasting it was also intended to demonstrate the transmission of electrical power on a reduced scale He stated

It is intended to give practical demonstrations of these principles with the plant illustrated As soon as completed it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere He will be able to call up from his desk and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe without any change whatever in the existing equipment An inexpensive instrument not bigger than a watch will enable its bearer to hear anywhere on sea or land music or song the speech of a political leader the address of an eminent man of science or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman delivered in some other place however distant In the same manner any picture character drawing or print can be transferred from one to another place Millions of such instruments can be operated from but one plant of this kind More important than all of this however will be the transmission of power without wires which will be shown on a scale large enough to carry conviction[28]

Wardenclyffe was the first of many installations to be constructed near major population centers around the world If Teslas plans had moved forward without interruption the Long Island prototype would have been followed by a second plant built in the British Isles perhaps on the west coast of Scotland near Glasgow Each of these facilities would have included a large magnifying transmitter of a design loosely based upon the apparatus which Tesla assembled at the Colorado Springs Experimental Station in 1899

The plant in Colorado was merely designed in the same sense as a naval constructor designs first a small model to ascertain all the quantities before he embarks on the construction of a big vessel I had already planned most of the details of the commercial plant subsequently put up at Long Island except that at that time the location was not settled upon The Colorado plant I have used in determining the construction of the various parts and the experiments which were carried on there were for the practical purpose of enabling me to design the transmitters and receivers which I was to employ in the large commercial plant subsequently erected[29]

Using a global array of these magnifying transmitters it was Teslas plan to establish what he called the World Wireless System providing multi-channel global broadcasting an array of secure wireless telecommunications services and a long range aid to navigation including means for the precise synchronization of clocks In a more highly developed state he envisioned the World System would expand to include the wireless industrial transmission of electric power[30]

At the time the power grid was quite limited in terms of who it reached and the Wardenclyffe prototype represented a way in which to significantly reduce the cost of electrifying the countryside Tesla called his wireless technique the disturbed charge of ground and air method[31]

There is evidence that Wardenclyffe would have used extremely low frequency signals combined with higher frequency signals In practice the transmitter electrically influences both the Earth and the space above it He made a point of describing the process as being essentially the same as transmitting electricity by conduction through a wire

Tesla clearly specified the Earth as being one of the conducting media involved in ground and air system technology The other specified medium is the atmosphere above 5 miles (80 km) elevation While not an ohmic conductor in this region of the troposphere and upwards the density or pressure is sufficiently reduced to so that according to Teslarsquos theory the atmospherersquos insulating properties can be easily impaired allowing an electric current to flow His theory further states that the conducting region is developed through the process of atmospheric ionization in which the effected portions thereof are changed to plasma The presence of the magnetic fields developed by each plantrsquos helical resonator suggests that an embedded magnetic field and flux linkage is also involved Flux linkage with Earthrsquos natural magnetic field is also a possibility especially in the case of an earth resonance transmission system

The atmosphere below 5 miles (80 km) is also viewed as a propagating medium for a portion of the above-ground circuit and being an insulating medium electrostatic induction would be involved rather than true electrical conduction Tesla felt that with a sufficiently high electrical potential on the elevated terminal the practical limitation imposed upon its height could be overcome He anticipated that a highly energetic transmitter as was intended at Wardenclyffe would charge the elevated terminal to the point where the atmosphere around and above the facility would break down and become ionized leading to a flow of true conduction currents between the two terminals by a path up to and through the troposphere and back down to the other facility The ionization of the atmosphere directly above the elevated terminals would be facilitated by the use of an ionizing beam of ultraviolet radiation to form what might be called a high-voltage plasma transmission line [ed see longitudinal waves and waves in plasmas]

In various writings Tesla explained that the Earth itself behaves as a resonant LC circuit when it is electrically excited at certain frequencies At Wardenclyffe he operated at frequencies ranging from 1000 Hz to 100 kHz Tesla found the frequency range up to 30 ndash 35 kHz ldquoto be most economicalrdquo Excitation of earth resonance at a harmonic of the 1178 Hz fundamental frequency suggests energy transmission by means of a TM00 spherical conductor ldquosingle-wirerdquo surface wave transmission line mode A Schumann resonance mode (the fundamental frequency being about 75 to 79 Hz) is probably not involved The entire Earth can be electrically resonated with a single earth-resonance transmitter so an earth-resonance based system would require at a minimum that only one World Wireless System transmitter be constructed Alternatively two distantly spaced transmiter-receiver facilities could be constructed Such a system would not be so dependent upon the excitation of an earth-resonance mode In either case a surface wave similar to the Zenneck wave would be utilized[32] Artificially induced earth currents would be utilized According to Tesla the planets large cross-sectional area provides a low resistance path for the flow of earth currents The greatest losses are apt to occur at the points where the transmitting receiving plants and dedicated receiving stations are connected with the ground This is why Tesla stated

You see the underground work is one of the most expensive parts of the tower In this system that I have invented it is necessary for the machine to get a grip of the Earth otherwise it cannot shake the Earth It has to have a grip on the Earth so that the whole of this globe can quiver and to do that it is necessary to carry out a very expensive construction[33]

To close the circuit a second path is established between the two transmitter-receiver plants elevated high-voltage terminals through the rarefied atmospheric strata above five miles (8 km) The connection is made by some combination of electrostatic induction and electrical conduction through plasma While a number of his wireless patents including

Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy US Patent No 1119732 December 1 1914 describe a system which uses the plasma-conduction scheme his Art of transmitting electrical energy through the natural mediums US Patent No 787412 April 18 1905 and some of his Wardenclyffe design notes from 1901 show the overall plan also involves electrostatically induce oscillations in the potential associated with Earths self-capacitance The two tower earth-resonance transmitter is especially designed for this purpose Tesla wrote

The specific plan of producing the stationary waves here-in described might be departed from For example the circuit which impresses the powerful oscillations upon the earth might be connected to the latter at two points[34]

Tesla believed that a fully developed system with large high-power stations based upon the smaller Wardenclyffe prototype would permit wireless transmission and reception across large distances with negligible losses[35] [36] [37] [38]

In the course of this work I mastered the technique of high potentials sufficiently for enabling me to construct and operate in 1899 a wireless transmitter developing up to twenty million volts Some time before I contemplated the possibility of transmitting such high tension currents over a narrow beam of radiant energy ionizing the air and rendering it in measure conductive After preliminary laboratory experiments I made tests on a large scale with the transmitter referred to and a beam of ultra-violet rays of great energy in an attempt to conduct the current to the high rarefied strata of the air and thus create an auroral such as might be utilized for illumination especially of oceans at night I found that there was some virtue in the principal but the results did not justify the hope of important practical applications [39]

In spite of ridicule many of Teslas ideas have been demonstrated to be essentially correct For example he correctly predicted the existence of the ionosphere and electrical resonance of the Earth-atmosphere system Resonance of the earth-ionosphere cavity with a fundamental frequency in the vicinity of 73 Hz was demonstrated in the 1950s as the Schumann resonance[40] The latter phenomenon was named after Schumann for although Tesla had detected a resonance of the Earth-atmosphere system he was not taken seriously in his time[41] Furthermore Tesla appears to have excited a different terrestrial resonance mode with a fundamental frequency of 1178 Hz

Electrical transmission and reception

Teslas early experiments involved the propagation of ordinary radio waves that is to say Hertzian waves electromagnetic waves propagated through space without artificial guide[42]

In 1919 Nikola Tesla wrote

The popular impression is that my wireless work was begun in 1893 but as a matter of fact I spent the two preceding years in investigations employing forms of apparatus some of which were almost like those of today It was clear to me from the very start that the successful consummation could only be brought about by a number of radical improvements Suitable high frequency generators and electrical oscillators had first to be produced The energy of these had to be transformed in effective transmitters and collected at a distance in proper receivers Such a system would be manifestly circumscribed in its usefulness if all extraneous interference were not prevented and exclusiveness secured In time however I recognized that devices of this kind to be most effective and efficient should be designed with due regard to the physical properties of this planet and the electrical conditions obtaining on the same

One of the requirements of the World Wireless system is the construction of resonant receivers[43] The grounded helical resonator of a Tesla Coil and an elevated terminal can be used in receive mode[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] Tesla himself repeatedly demonstrated the wireless transmission of electrical energy from a Tesla coil transmitter to a Tesla coil receiver These concepts and methods are part of his wireless transmission system (US1119732 mdash Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy mdash 1902 January 18) Tesla made a proposal that there would be many more than thirty transmission-reception stations worldwide[50]

Tesla coil in one experiment of many conducted in Colorado Springs This is a grounded tuned coil in resonance with a distant transmitter Light is glowing near the bottom

In the principle form of Tesla system receiver a Tesla coil receiving transformer [51] [52] [53] [54] acts as a step-down transformer with high current output[55] The parameters of a Tesla Coil transmitter are identically applicable to it being a receiver (eg an antenna circuit) due to reciprocity

[Impedance generally though is not applied in an obvious way for electrical impedance the impedance at the load (eg where the power is consumed) is most critical and for a Tesla Coil receiver this is at the point of utilization (such as at an induction motor) rather than at the receiving node Complex impedance of an antenna is related to the electrical length of the antenna at the wavelength in use Commonly impedance is adjusted at the load with a tuner or a matching networks composed of inductors and capacitors]

In another form of receiving circuit the two input terminals are connected to a device designed to reverse polarity at predetermined intervals of time and charge a capacitor[56] This form of Tesla system receiver has means for commutating the current impulses in the charging circuit so as to render them suitable for charging an energy storage device a device for closing the receiving-circuit and means for causing the receiver to be operated by the accumulated energy[57]

Tesla receivers operated correctly act as a step-down transformer with high current output[58] There are to date no commercial power generation entities or businesses that have utilized this technology to full effect The power levels achieved by Tesla Coil receivers have thus far been a fraction of the output power of the transmitters[citation needed]

While Tesla Coils can be used for wireless energy transmission and reception much of the public and media attention is directed away from such applications since big electrical discharges are fascinating to most people

Researchers experimenting with Teslas wireless energy transmission system design have made observations that may be inconsistent with a basic tenet of physics related to the scalar derivatives of the electromagnetic potentials which are presently considered to be nonphysical[clarification needed][59] [60] [61] [62] [63]

The intention of the Tesla world wireless energy transmission system is to combine electrical power transmission along with broadcasting and point-to-point wireless telecommunications and allow for the elimination of many existing high-tension power transmission lines facilitating the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale

One of Teslas patents[64] suggests he may have misinterpreted 25ndash70 km nodal structures associated with cloud-ground lightning observations made during the 1899 Colorado Springs experiments in terms of circumglobally propagating standing waves instead of a local interference phenomenon of direct and reflected waves[65]

Regarding the recent notion of power transmission through the earth-ionosphere cavity a consideration of the earth-ionosphere or concentric spherical shell waveguide propagation parameters as they are known today shows that wireless power transmission by direct excitation of a Schumann cavity resonance mode is not realizable[66] The conceptual

difficulty with this model is that at the very low frequencies that Tesla said that he employed (1-50 kHz) earth-ionosphere waveguide excitation now well understood would seem to be impossible with the either the Colorado Springs or the Long Island apparatus (at least with the apparatus that is visible in the photographs of these facilities)[67]

On the other hand Teslas concept of a global wireless electrical power transmission grid and telecommunications network based upon energy transmission by means of a spherical conductor transmission line with an upper three-space model return circuit while perhaps not practical for power transmission is feasible defying no law of physics Global wireless transmission by means of a spherical conductor ldquosingle-wirerdquo surface wave transmission line and a propagating TM00 mode [68] may also be possible a feasibility study using a sufficiently powerful and properly tuned Tesla coil earth-resonance transmitter being called for[69]

Common misconceptions

Propagation mode

It was once thought the 200 kW Wardenclyffe prototype World Wireless station would have functioned by the production and propagation of electromagnetic radiation also known as the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) radio wave but this is not the case The World Wireless System actually works by the creation of powerful disturbances in Earths natural electric charge and TM00 mode propagation over a spherical single conductor transmission line[70] [71]


World System functionality

It is believed by some that World Wireless System technology is intended only for wireless power transmission The prototype Wardenclyffe installation and the second facility planned in Scotland[73] [74] had a dual purpose Their primary function was worldwide broadcasting and trans-Atlantic point-to-point wireless telecommunications The prototype system was also intended for proof-of-concept wireless power transmission demonstrations although on a greatly reduced scale


Schumann Cavity resonance hypothesis

It has been proposed the World Wireless System involve energy transfer by means of a concentric spherical shell waveguide composed of Earths surface and the ionosphere This is known as the Schumann Cavity Natural lightning excites Schumann resonances that are observed at the lowest few resonance frequencies (about 8 Hertz and multiples of that) Their measured Qs of order 5 to 10 suggest that the electrical disturbances produced by lightning make a few circuits of the Earth before damping out and create a fairly definite terrestrial standing wave of a few cycles duration

The concept of transferring power with small losses in this manner will not work because the standing wave would occur in the Earth-ionosphere cavity which is too lossy that is to say the cavity Q too small to enable a standing wave of sufficient amplitude to be generated[citation needed] This limitation is independent of the power of the transmitter In order for the transmitter to feed power to the receiver as efficiently as it would in a closed low-loss circuit the power transferred to the receiver should be able to transfer power of the same order of magnitude reciprocally to the transmitter This is a necessary

condition for the transmitter to ldquofeelrdquo the load connected to the receiver and to supply power to it via the standing wave

This would require an Earth-ionosphere cavity Q of order ~10^6 or 10^7 at the lowest Schumann resonance frequencies Measurements based on the spectrum of natural electrical radio noise yield a Q of only about 5 to 10 Cavity Q is defined here as the ratio of the electric field energy stored in the Earth-ionosphere cavity per cycle of the oscillation to the average power input to the cavity from the transmitter The situation only gets worse at higher frequencies because of increasing energy losses in the earth and ionosphere as is the case in radio transmission[75]

Furthermore it has been pointed out that wireless energy transmission using the concentric spherical shell model as discussed above is not consistent with the Tesla type transmitter

The conceptual difficulty with this model is that at the very low frequencies that Tesla said that he employed (1-50 kHz) earth-ionosphere waveguide excitation now well understood would seem to be impossible with the either the Colorado Springs or the Long Island apparatus (at least with the apparatus that is visible in the photographs of these facilities)[76]

The maximum recommended operating frequencies of 25 kHz as specified by Tesla is far above the highest easily observable Schumann resonance mode (this is the 9th overtone) that exists at approximately 664 Hz Teslas selection of 25 kHz is wholly inconsistent with the operation of a system that is based upon the direct excitation of a Schumann resonance mode

Ionospheric conduction

It is believed by some the atmospheric path used in the two-conductor method ie the second path is the ionosphere the uppermost strata of Earths atmosphere starting at approximately 30 miles (48 km) in daytime and approximately 55 miles (89 km) at night The atmospheric strata through which energy can be transmitted has a barometric pressure of 75 mm equivilent to an elevation of about 15 miles (24 km) World Wireless System apparatus allows this elevation to be reduced down to approximately 45 miles (72 km)[77]

A Variant Receiver

A variant was suggested by Tesla for exploiting the vertical voltage gradient in the Earths atmosphere

A variant was suggested that could utilize the phantom loop effect to form a circuit to induct energy from the Earths magnetic field and other radiant energy sources (including but not limited to electrostatics [78] )

A Tesla Coil can receive electromagnetic impulses[79] from atmospheric electricity [80] [81] [82] and radiant energy[47] [83] besides normal wireless transmissions

The charging-circuit can be adapted to be energized by the action of various other disturbances and effects at a distance Arbitrary and intermittent oscillations that are propagated via conduction to the receiving resonator will charge the receivers capacitor and utilize the potential energy to greater effect[84]

Various radiations can be used to charge and discharge conductors with the radiations considered electromagnetic vibrations of various wavelengths and ionizing potential[85]

Radiant energy throws off with great velocity minute particles which are strongly electrified and other rays falling on the insulated-conductor connected to a condenser (ie a capacitor) can cause the condenser to indefinitely charge electrically[86]

The helical resonator can be shock excited due to radiant energy disturbances not only at the fundamental wave at one-quarter wave-length but also is excited at its harmonics

The output power from these devices attained from Hertzian methods of charging is low[87] but alternative charging means are available

Hertzian methods can be used to excite a the receiver with limitations that result in great disadvantages for utilization though[84] The methods of ground conduction and the various induction methods can also be used to excite the receiver but are again at a disadvantages for utilization[84]

The receiver utilizes the effects or disturbances to charge a storage device with energy from an external source (natural or man-made) and controls the charging of said device by the actions of the effects or disturbances (during succeeding intervals of time determined by means of such effects and disturbances corresponding in succession and duration of the effects and disturbances)[88] The stored energy can also be used to operate the receiving device The accumulated energy

can for example operate a transformer by discharging through a primary circuit at predetermined times which from the secondary currents operate the receiving device[88]

With regard to Teslas statements on the harnessing of natural phenomena to obtain electric power he stated

Ere many generations pass our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point of the universe mdash Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency (February 1892)

The Particle Beam Invention

Main articles Teleforce Particle beam weapon and Directed-energy weapon

Related to the operation and utilization of Wardenclyffe Tower was Nikola Teslas work on a macroscopic charged particle beam weapon called Teleforce in the 1930s A Wardenclyffe styled facility which included the weapon was contemplated by Tesla He offered it to Westinghouse Electric amp Manufacturing Company in early 1934 It was also offered to the US War Department Great Britain and Yugoslavia A descriptive 17-page type-written document on Teslas office letterhead titled New Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-Dispersive Energy Through Natural Media which presently exists in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade shows that his macroscopic particle beam also dubbed the Peace Ray or the death ray by contemporary media was a narrow stream of charged macroscopic clusters of atomic mercury or tungsten accelerated by high voltage produced by either a huge Van de Graaff generator or Tesla Coil[39]

Telefunken Station

This section requires expansionAfter Wardenclyffe Tesla built the Telefunken Wireless on the South Shore of Long Island Some of what he wanted to achieve at Wardenclyffe was achieved with the Telefunken Wireless In West Sayville Long Island New York Tesla assisted in the building of three 600-foot (180 m) radio towers creating the western wireless communication station in a North America and Europe network

Quotes

bull As soon as [the Wardenclyffe facility is] completed it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere He will be able to call up from his desk and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe without any change whatever in the existing equipment An inexpensive instrument not bigger than a watch will enable its bearer to hear anywhere on sea or land music or song the speech of a political leader the address of an eminent man of science or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman delivered in some other place however distant In the same manner any picture character drawing or print can be transferred from one to another place ndash Nikola Tesla The Future of the Wireless Art Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony 1908 pg 67-71

bull It is not a dream it is a simple feat of scientific electrical engineering only expensive mdash blind faint-hearted doubting world [] Humanity is not yet sufficiently advanced to be willingly led by the discoverers keen searching sense But who knows Perhaps it is better in this present world of ours that a revolutionary idea or invention instead of being helped and patted be hampered and ill-treated in its adolescence mdash by want of means by selfish interest pedantry stupidity and ignorance that it be attacked and stifled that it pass through bitter trials and tribulations through the strife of commercial existence So do we get our light So all that was great in the past was ridiculed condemned combatted suppressed mdash only to emerge all the more powerfully all the more triumphantly from the struggle ndash Nikola Tesla The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace Electrical World and Engineer January 7 1905

Related patents

Nikola Teslas patents

bull Means for Generating Electric Currents US Patent 514168 February 6 1894 bull Electrical Transformer US Patent 593138 November 2 1897 bull Method Of Utilizing Radiant Energy US Patent 685958 November 5 1901 bull Method of Signaling US Patent 723188 March 17 1903 bull System of Signaling US Patent 725605 April 14 1903

bull Art of Transmitting Electrical Energy Through the Natural Mediums US Patent 787412 April 18 1905 bull Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy January 18 1902 US Patent 1119732 December 1 1914

See also List of Tesla patents

Other patents

bull Hansell US Patent 2389432 Communication system by pulses through the Earth bull Leydorf G F US Patent 3278937 Antenna near field coupling system 1966

See also

energy portal

bull Wireless energy transmission bull Transmission medium bull Distributed generation bull Electricity distribution bull Electric power transmission bull Friis transmission equation bull Terrestrial stationary waves bull Devices Tesla coil Magnifying Transmitter Electro-mechanical oscillator

Notes

1 Anderson Leland I Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless Telegraphy Telephony and Transmission of Power 21st Century Books 2002 pp 106 153 170 Counsel This Wardenclyffe station was that -- experimental Tesla No it was a commercial undertaking

2 The Future of the Wireless Art Wireless Telegraphy amp Telephony Van Nostrand 1908 3 Cheney Margaret (1999) Tesla Master of Lightning New York Barnes amp Noble Books ISBN 0-7607-1005-8

pp 107 ldquoUnable to overcome his financial burdens he was forced to close the laboratory in 1905rdquo 4 ^ a b c Broad William J (May 4 2009) A Battle to Preserve a Visionaryrsquos Bold Failure New York Times

httpwwwnytimescom20090505science05teslahtmlhp Retrieved 2009-05-05 Today a fight is looming over the ghostly remains of that site called Wardenclyffe mdash what Tesla authorities call the only surviving workplace of the eccentric genius who dreamed countless big dreams while pioneering wireless communication and alternating current The disagreement began recently after the property went up for sale in Shoreham NY

5 See httpearlyradiohistoryus1917teshtm (citing page 293 of the September 1917 issue of The Electrical Experimenter) SUSPECTING that German spies were using the big wireless tower erected at Shoreham L I about twenty years ago by Nikola Tesla the Federal Government ordered the tower destroyed and it was recently demolished with dynamite

6 A Battle to Preserve a Visionaryrsquos Bold Failure - New York Times - May 4 2009 7 Tesla Lab $1650000 New York Times May 4 2009

httpwwwnytimescom20090505science05teslaboxhtmlref=science Retrieved 2009-05-05 5 Randall Road Shoreham NY between Tesla Court and Randall Road

8 Email from Brookhaven Town Historian Barbara Russell Mon March 30 2009 9 Brookhaven Bulletin Vol 30 No 27 July 16 1976 10 168314_w407jpg httpassetsmediaspanonlinecomprod3777889168314_w407jpg Retrieved 2010-02-

01 11 Valuable Plaque Stolen From Tesla Laboratory 12 Tesla a Little-Recognized Genius Left Mark in Shoreham - New York Times - November 10 2002 13 Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents and Their Application to Wireless Telegraphy Telephony

and Transmission of Power ISBN 1-893817-01-6 p 203 14 Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial

Illumination AIEE Columbia College NY May 20 1891 15 ldquoExperiments With Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency IEE Address London February

3 1892rdquo (Inventions Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla)

16 On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena February 24 1893 before the Franklin Institute Philadelphia March 1893 before the National Electric Light Association St Louis

17 Norrie H S Induction Coils How to make use and repair them Norman H Schneider 1907 New York 4th edition

18 Electrical experimenter January 1919 pg 615 19 Tesla Man Out of Time By Margaret Cheney 74 20 The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires Electrical World March 5 1904 21 The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 22 World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy Telegraph and Telegraph Age October 16 1927 23^ a b c d e f Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of

Artificial Illumination AIEE Columbia College NY May 20 1891 24 Episode 126 Capacitance and the equation C =QV Institute of Physics website gt Schools and Colleges gt

Projects gt Teaching Advanced Physics gt Electricity gt Capacitors accessed 2008-09-25 25 As noted by James Corum et al in the paper Concerning Cavity Q Proceedings of the 1988 International

Tesla Symposium (ed along with other sources) 26 On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena February 24 1893 before the Franklin Institute

Philadelphia March 1893 before the National Electric Light Association St Louis 27 Anderson Leland Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless

Telegraphy Telephony and Transmission of Power 21st Century Books 2002 p 133 28^ a b The Future of the Wireless Art Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Walter W Massie amp Charles R

Underhill 1908 pp 67-71 29 Anderson Leland Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless

Telegraphy Telephony and Transmission of Power 21st Century Books 2002 p 170 30 US Blows Up Tesla Radio Tower Electrical Experimenter September 1917 p 293 31 Peterson Gary Rediscovering the Zenneck Surface Wave Feed Line No 4 32 The Zenneck Surface Wave Appendix II of the paper entitled Nikola Tesla Lightning Observations and

Stationary Waves by K L Corum and J F Corum PhD 1994 presented at the 1994 Colorado Springs Tesla Symposium

33 Anderson Leland Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents and Their Application to Wireless Telegraphy Telephony and Transmission of Power p 203

34 US Patent No 787412 April 18 1905 and some of his Wardenclyffe design notes 35 Peterson Gary Nikola Teslas Wireless Work The development of a ground-based system for wireless

transmission 36 Peterson Gary Comparative Study of the Hertz Marconi and Tesla Low-Frequency Wireless Systems 37 Peterson Gary Tesla Coils amp the World System Nikola Teslas Engineering Legacy 38 Peterson Gary A Museum at Wardenclyffe The Creation of a Monument to Nikola Tesla 39^ a b THE NEW ART OF PROJECTING CONCENTRATED NON-DISPERSIVE ENERGY THROUGH

NATURAL MEDIA System of Particle Acceleration for Use in National Defense 40 httpamascicomteslatmistkhtml 41 httpwwwearthbreathingcouksrhtm 42 Definition of Hertzian 43 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla Page 228 44 Tesla Nikola The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 (Available at pbsorg) 45 US Patent 645576 46 US Patent 725605 47^ a b US Patent 685957 Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy N Tesla 48 US Patent 685958 Method of utilizing of radiant energy N Tesla 49 Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy Jan 18 1902 US Patent 1119732 December 1 1914

(available at US Patent 1119732 and 21st Century Books Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy) 50 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla Page 472 (cf Each tower could act as a sender or a

receiver In a letter to Katherine Johnson Tesla explains the need for well over thirty such towers)

51 Gary Peterson Rediscovering the Zenneck Surface Wave 52 Energy-sucking Radio Antennas N Teslas Power Receiver 53 William Beaty Tesla invented radio 1992 54 Nikola Teslas Contributions to Radio Developments wwwtesla-symp06org 55 A H Taylor Resonance in Aeumlrial Systems American Physical Society Physical review New York NY

Published for the American Physical Society by the American Institute of Physics (cf The Tesla coil in the receiver acts as a step-down transformer and hence the current is greater than in the aerial itself)

56 US Patent 0685956 57 US Patent 0685955 Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted From A Distance To A Receiving Device

Through Natural Media 58 A H Taylor Resonance in Aeumlrial Systems American Physical Society Physical review New York NY

Published for the American Physical Society by the American Institute of Physics (cf The Tesla coil in the receiver act as a step-down transformer and hence the current is greater than in the aerial itself)

59 van Vlaenderen Koen J A Generalization of Classical Electrodynamics for the Prediction of Scalar Field Effects Institute for Basic Research 2008

60 C Monstein and JP Wesley Observation of scalar longitudinal electrodynamic waves Europhysics Letters 59 (2002) no 4 514-520

61 Chubykalo Andrew E Rumen I Tzontchev and Juan M Rivera-Juaacuterez Coulomb interaction does not spread instantaniously Hadrionic Journal 23 (2000) 401-424

62 Dea Jack Y Scalar Fields Their Prediction from Classical Electromagnetism and Interpretation from Quantum Mechanics 1985

63 Bearden T E SOLUTIONS TO TESLAS SECRETS AND THE SOVIET TESLA WEAPONS 1981 John T Ratzlaff REFERENCE ARTICLES FOR SOLUTIONS TO TESLAS SECRETS

64 Tesla Nikola Art of Transmitting Electrical Energy Through the Natural Mediums Apr 17 1906 Canadian Patent No 142352 Aug 13 1912

65 July 4 1899 NIKOLA TESLA COLORADO SPRINGS NOTES 1899-1900 Nolit 1978 66 Bradford Henry and Gary Peterson Nikola Tesla On Wireless Energy Transmission The Schumann Cavity

Resonance Hypothesis 67 Spherical Transmission Lines and Global Propagation An Analysis of Teslas Experimentally Determined

Propagation Model K L Corum J F Corum PhD and J F X Daum PhD 1996 p 10 68 Elmore Glenn Introduction to the Propagating Wave on a Single Conductor Corridor Systems Inc 2009 69 Marinčić Aleksandar Research of Nikola Tesla in Long Island Laboratory International Scientific

Conference in Honor of the 130th Anniversary of the Birth of Nikola Tesla 1986 70 Corum 71 the other guy 72 Anderson Leland Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless

Telegraphy Telephony and Transmission of Power 21st Century Books 2002 p 133 73 Popovic Vojin Nikola Tesla -- True Founder of Radio Communications Nikola Tesla Life Work of a Genius

Yugoslav Society for the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge Nikola Tesla Belgrade 1976 74 Babylon Signal August 1902 75 Henry Bradford NIKOLA TESLA ON WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION 76 [Spherical Transmission Lines and Global Propagation An Analysis of Teslas Experimentally Determined

Propagation Model K L Corum J F Corum PhD and J F X Daum PhD 1996 p 10 77 Tesla Nikola System of Transmission of Electrical Energy Sept 2 1897 US Patent No 645576 Mar 20

1900 78 Bell Louis (1901) Electric Power Transmission a Practical Treatise for Practical Men p 10

httpbooksgooglecombooksid=hSYKAAAAIAAJamppg=RA3-PA110amplpg=RA3-PA110ampdq=22electric+power+transmission+a+practical+treatise+for+practical+men22ampsource=webampots=FTKTW8smJmampsig=8kcwxaAWKmm5-1ysBFR52oQiRikPRA1-PA10M1 Retrieved 2007-02-15 Both kinds of strains exist in radiant energy [hellip] The stresses in electro-magnetic energy are at right angles both to the electrostatic stresses and to the direction of their motion or flow

79 This would include being able to be shock excited by all electrical phenomena of transverse waves (those with vibrations perpendicular to the direction of the propagation) and longitudinal waves (those with vibrations parallel

to the direction of the propagation) Further information can be found in US Patent 685953 US Patent 685954 US Patent 685955 US Patent 685956 US Patent 685957 and US Patent 685958

80 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla Page 221 (cf The inventor had tuned his equipment so carefully that ldquoin one instance the devices recorded effects of lightning discharges fully 500 miles away [hellip]

81 Hermann Plauson US Patent 1540998 Conversion of atmospheric electric energy Jun 1925 82 Nikola Tesla Tuned Lightning English Mechanic and World of Science March 8 1907 83 US Patent 685958 Method of utilizing of radiant energy N Tesla 84^ a b c US Patent 0685953 Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted from a Distance to a Receiving Device

through Natural Media 85 US685957 Utilization of Radiant Energy 86 US Patent 685957 Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy N Tesla 87 US Patent 0685953 Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted from a Distance to a Receiving Device

through Natural Media 88^ a b US Patent 0685954 Method of Utilizing Effects Transmitted through Natural Media

Further reading

bull Anderson Leland Rare Notes from Tesla on Wardenclyffe in Electric Spacecraft - A journal of Interactive Research Issue 26 September 14 1998 Contains copies of rare documents from the Tesla Museum in Belgrade including Teslas notes and sketches from 1901

bull Bass Robert W Self-Sustained Non-Hertzian Longitudal Wave Oscillations as a Rigorous Solution of Maxwells Equations for Electromagnetic Radiation Inventek Enterprises Inc Las Vegas Nevada

bull Boundless Space A Bus Bar The Electrical World Vol 32 No 19 bull Massie Walter Wentworth Wireless telegraphy and telephony popularly explained New York Van Nostrand

1908 bull Rather John Tesla a Little-Recognized Genius Left Mark in Shoreham The New York Times Long Island

Weekly Desk bull Tesla Nikola The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires Electrical World and Engineer March 5

1904 bull Tesla Nikola World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy Telegraph and Telegraph Age October 16

1927

External links

bull Facility detailsInterior view (a) -- Interior view (b) -- Interior view (c) -- Facility front view --Facility side view -- Facility large front view -- Tower alone

bull Facilities assembled Colorado Springs Long Island and Lac Edouard (near Sanford Quebec) bull PBS Tower of Dreams bull The Tesla Wardenclyffe Project bull Teslas vision of the wireless global communications bull Tesla Radio A Ground-based System for Global Wireless Transmission bull Creation of a Monument to Nikola Tesla bull The Real Science of Non-Hertzian Waves (ed Attempts to invalidate Teslas wireless energy transmission ideas

main focus is on the transverse EM radio wave ie Hertz waves Plasma wave physics longitudinal waves and transmission-line propagation modes are not considered)

bull The Basic Tesla Transmitter with Passive Receiver bull The Basic Tesla Transmitter with Passive Receiver bull The Basic Tesla Transmitter with Passive Receiver bull The Basic Tesla Transmitter with Passive Receiver bull The Basic Dual-tower Earth Resonance Tesla Transmitter bull The Basic Dual-tower Earth Resonance Tesla Transmitter Configuration A receiver is standing out to the right bull Cooper John F Modified Type 2 Magnifying Transmitter circuit diagram 2 circuit diagram 3 Both designs

are deemed to be unusable bull The Finalized Magnifying Transmitter Design of 1914 patented by Nikola Tesla bull Wardenclyffe Tower at Structurae bull Birds Eye view of the Wardenclyffe laboratory and power plant building as it exists today (from Live maps)

bull Utilization of Radiant Energy 1901 Nikola Tesla My test My setup 1 My setup 2 My setup 3 My test 2 My test 3 My test 4 My test 5 My test 6 My test 7 My test 8 youtubecom

bull Wardenclyffe Tower is at coordinates 40deg56prime51PrimeN 72deg53prime54PrimeW 4094759700degN 7289820700degW 4094759700 -7289820700 (Wardenclyffe Tower) Coordinates 40deg56prime51PrimeN 72deg53prime54PrimeW 4094759700degN 7289820700degW 4094759700 -7289820700 (Wardenclyffe Tower)

bull Small-scale demonstration of Teslas system for the transmission of electrical energy without wires on YouTube bull Tesla Wardenclyffe Science Center Plaque [1] bull Designated Superfund Site

Retrieved from httpenwikipediaorgwikiWardenclyffe_Tower





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18 Electrical experimenter January 1919 pg 615 19 Tesla Man Out of Time By Margaret Cheney Page 174 20 The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires Electrical World March 5 1904 21 The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 22 World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy Telegraph and Telegraph Age October 16 1927 23^ a b c d e f Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of












NATURAL MEDIA System of Particle Acceleration for Use in National Defense 40 httpamascicomteslatmistkhtml 41 httpwwwearthbreathingcouksrhtm 42 Definition of Hertzian 43 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla 28 44 Tesla Nikola The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 (Available at pbsorg) 45 US Patent 645576 46 US Patent 725605 47^ a b US Patent 685957 Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy N Tesla 48 US Patent 685958 Method of utilizing of radiant energy N Tesla 49 Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy Jan 18 1902 US Patent 1119732 December 1 1914





























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(available at US Patent 1119732 and 21st Century Books Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy) 50 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla 72 (cf Each tower could act as a sender or a




























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Phone (302)421-5750





04181979(mmddyyyy)









Phone (302)421-5750



03271998(mmddyyyy)









Phone





05121997(mmddyyyy)









Phone


GOOGLE









ICC Inc














[PDF IN ENTIRETY]


































Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST





















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


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Lawsuits








Head office



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15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






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July 10 1976




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energy portal


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Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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[edit] History

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A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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See also

Notes

Further reading

External links




Phone





05121997(mmddyyyy)









Phone


GOOGLE









ICC Inc














[PDF IN ENTIRETY]


































Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST





















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




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A Variant Receiver

















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energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links









ICC Inc














[PDF IN ENTIRETY]


































Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST





















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


Quotes



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Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

Research

Lawsuits


Head office

References

External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

[PDF IN ENTIRETY]


































Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST





















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































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A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links





















Object 1

01052011 025100 PM EST





















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




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A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Other patents


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energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links




















ALCAN CORPORATION





ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION


ALCAN CORPORATION



Alcatel-Lucent





Contents





History













Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





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July 10 1976




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energy portal


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Further reading







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ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Board of Directors

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Business Groups






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Lawsuits








Head office



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15 Pleading Paper








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NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





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18 Electrical experimenter January 1919 pg 615 19 Tesla Man Out of Time By Margaret Cheney 4 20 The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires Electrical World March 5 1904 21 The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 22 World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy Telegraph and Telegraph Age October 16 1927 23^ a b c d e f Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of









































Further reading







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Alcatel-Lucent

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[edit] History

[edit] Construction

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Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

Organization

Offices





Business Groups






Board of Directors


Research




Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


Quotes



Related patents





Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

History

Organization

Offices

Business Groups


Board of Directors

Research

Lawsuits


Head office

References

External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links


Lawsuits








Head office



References
















15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


Quotes



Related patents





Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Board of Directors

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links












15 Pleading Paper








External links



























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


Quotes



Related patents





Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

























NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































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A Variant Receiver

















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energy portal


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Further reading







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External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Board of Directors

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Related patents

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Notes

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NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





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Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




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energy portal


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NATURAL MEDIA System of Particle Acceleration for Use in National Defense 40 httpamascicomteslatmistkhtml 41 httpwwwearthbreathingcouksrhtm 42 Definition of Hertzian 43 Marc J Seifer Wizard The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla 8 44 Tesla Nikola The True Wireless Electrical Experimenter May 1919 (Available at pbsorg) 45 US Patent 645576 46 US Patent 725605 47^ a b US Patent 685957 Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy N Tesla 48 US Patent 685958 Method of utilizing of radiant energy N Tesla 49 Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy Jan 18 1902 US Patent 1119732 December 1 1914





























Further reading







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ICC Inc

















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A Variant Receiver


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Related patents

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Notes

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NIKOLA TESLA












































Suggested by Matt





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[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




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A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

History

Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

References

External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links


































Suggested by Matt





Contents






[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







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External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


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External links













Contents

[edit] History

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Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Notes

Further reading

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[edit] History

[edit] Construction





Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




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Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Further reading







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External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Board of Directors

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Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


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Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Notes

Further reading

External links



Post-Tesla era












July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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energy portal


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Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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See also

Notes

Further reading

External links








July 10 1976




Facility grounds





































































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A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Organization

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Board of Directors

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

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A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

Facility grounds





































































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A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Other patents


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energy portal


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Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

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Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links



























































Propagation mode
















A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


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Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links








A Variant Receiver

















Telefunken Station


Quotes



Related patents





Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links







Telefunken Station


Quotes



Related patents





Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

Contents

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Organization

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Business Groups


Board of Directors

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Lawsuits


Head office

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External links













Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction

Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links



Other patents


See also

energy portal


Notes
























































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Board of Directors

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External links













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[edit] History

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Facility grounds








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A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links












































Further reading







1927

External links














ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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[edit] History

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Post-Tesla era


Facility grounds








Propagation mode




A Variant Receiver


Telefunken Station

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Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links









ICC Inc

















Alcatel-Lucent

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Quotes

Related patents

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

LUCENT - WordPress.com · 2011-04-19 · miami beach, fl lucent design 4401 se aldercrest rd,...

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