LTE World Summit 2012 Tony wakefield informa-t&m-masterclass-1_thurs
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Transcript of LTE World Summit 2012 Tony wakefield informa-t&m-masterclass-1_thurs
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
What is LTE and how does it work?
LTE Demystified
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
The Informa Telecoms Academy
Who we are and what we do
3
What we do
Innovative and relevant
Training Solutions
Extensive portfolio of
Telecoms-specific courses
Variety of interactive
delivery methods
Based in UK - provide
training globally
30+ fully accredited,
industry-experienced
Trainers
4
Some of our customers…
5
Three faculty Areas:
– Technology and
Engineering
– Telecoms Business
– Distance Learning
School of LTE & Advanced
Communications
WiMAX Forum Certified
Training Provider
Telecoms Mini MBA Series
The Informa Telecoms Academy
6
Tony Wakefield
Training Director for Informa Telecoms Academy
Experience
– Started career 1981 British Telecom
– Royal Navy
– BSc Electronics & Physics
– Member of the Inst of Leadership & Management
Telecoms Training Since 1996
– Working with many large operators and vendor companies
Programme Director for
– Business Programmes
– Technology Programmes (2G through to LTE & WiMAX)
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
What is LTE, how does it work, how is it deployed?
LTE Demystified
8
Agenda
Intro to Broadband Concepts
– Broadband Services
LTE Technology
– LTE Features and Performance
– LTE Architecture
– LTE Radio Interface
– MIMO
– LTE Services and Voice
– Evolution Option to LTE
– Spectrum for LTE
– Deployment Benefits of LTE
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
Introduction to Broadband
Why is Wireless Broadband so important?
10
Wireless Broadband Requirements
Increasing Smartphone and “dongle” usage
Increasing range of data applications available
Video driving data traffic
11
The Smartphone market is booming
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
50% of handsets sold worldwide will be smartphones by 2016
Wide variation in % of smartphone handsets being sold in 2011
– India 10%
– Africa 14.3%
– Western Europe 64%
– US 66%
12
Data is booming, but…
100%
300%
500%
700%
900%
1100%
1300%
1500%
1700%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Re
bas
ed
gro
wth
(2
00
8 =
10
0%
) Global data revenue and traffic growth, 2008-2013
Revenue
Traffic
More efficient technologies required to reduce the cost per bit
Candidate technologies are HSPA+ and LTE (or WiMAX?)
13
Typical Broadband Services
Internet Connection
Voice (VoIP) Application Stores
TV, VoD, Radio
Messaging and Social Networking
Cloud Computing
telemetry and remote control
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
LTE Technology
So what is Long Term Evolution?
15
Long Term Evolution LTE
All new All IP, Mobile Wireless Broadband Network
LTE is part of 3GPP evolution
Will be deployed alongside 2G/3G in most cases
Can we call LTE 4G? Do people care?
LTE: - a new cellular radio standard
allowing faster, more efficient transfer
of data, enabling the next generation
of mobile data services
16
Mobile Technology Evolution
GSM Phase 1 Basic Voice
1991
GSM Phase 2+ New Voice Codec
Further Optimizations
1995
GSM Phase 2+ R97/98
More GPRS
EDGE
1997
R4 Core Network
Soft switch
2000
R6 HSUPA
ALL IP
2004
R8
LTE 2008
R10 LTE Advanced?
2012
1993
GSM Phase 2 Txt Messages
Basic Data
1996
GSM Phase 2+ Release 96
GPRS
1999
R99 UMTS Radio Network
2002
R5 HSDPA
IMS
2006
R7 HSPA+
2010
R9 LTE Enhancements
• LTE is part of Release 8 of the 3GPP Specifications
17
Wireless Technology Evolution
TACS, NMT, AMPS
Voice only GSM, CDMA,
TDMA
Voice, Data,
Text
GPRS, EDGE
Packet data
UMTS, cdma2000
Packet data,
Multimedia
HSDPA, HSUPA
Faster Data
LTE
Super Fast Data
4G?
LTE Advanced ?
Ultra Fast Data
18
LTE Performance
Data Rates & Bandwidth
3 – 4 times more capacity than HSPA (Release 6)
100 – 300Mbps Less time spent downloading content, LTE is a lot faster
Greater number of mobiles connected to the network, Higher Capacity
Delay (Latency)
Lower delay times (3 – 4 times less than HSPA Release 6)
100mS Connection Setup
5 – 20mS roundtrip delay Much more responsive web browsing
Better voice over IP performance
Other LTE Benefits
Advanced Antenna technologies increase capacity
Advanced Antenna technologies increase cell size
All IP (packet data) network for faster, more efficient services
LTE can Interwork with existing GSM/UMTS networks
LTE supports multimedia broadcasting
19
LTE Data Performance, Downloading
GPRS @ 40Kbps 125s
EDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50s
UMTS @ 384Kbps 13s
HSPA @1Mbps 5s average user data rate
LTE @ 5Mbps 1s average user data rate
Typical 3 – 5 minute YouTube clip
5 Megabytes of information
20
LTE Architecture (high level)
eNB X2
eUTRAN
eNB – Evolved Node B; MME – Mobility Management Entity;
SGW – Serving Gateway P-GW – Packet Data Gateway;
UE – User Equipment
New Access Network Base Station - Evolved Node B
X2 interface for improved Handover and Interference Management
Backhaul Connections are Critical, Capacity
Downlink Radio Interface Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
Improved Performance in Urban Areas
Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO)
Uplink Radio Interface Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)
Good Urban Area Performance
Designed for Good Battery Life
UE eNB
21
New Core Network • Evolved Packet Core
• All IP for efficiency
• New Network Elements
• Designed to be Flexible and
Scalable
• Self Organising Network (SON)
MME and SGW Mobility Management Entity
• Overall control of the UE
and Data Sessions
• Handle Handovers and
Location Management
Serving Gateway
• Handles User Data
• Controlled by the MME
PGW Packet Gateway
• Provides connection to
external networks
• Internet, IMS, WAP, MMS
• Manages the IP session for
the User Equipment
LTE Architecture (high level)
SGW PGW
S11
S5
EPC All IP
All New
MME S1-MME
S1-U
eNB eNB X2
eUTRAN
eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway
P-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
UE
22
LTE Architecture (high level)
SGW PGW
S11
S5
EPC
All IP
All New
MME S1-MME
S1-U
eNB eNB X2
eUTRAN
eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway
P-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
UMTS WLAN
S3,S4,S12 S2
Interworking
Defined interfaces for interworking
UMTS/GPRS interworking
WiFi/WiMAX Interworking
Interworking with Trusted/non-Trusted
UE
23
LTE Architecture (high level)
SGW PGW
S11
S5
EPC
All IP
All New
MME S1-MME
S1-U
eNB eNB X2
eUTRAN
IMS
SGi
eNB – Evolved Node B; MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway
P-GW – Packet Data Gateway; UE – User Equipment
UMTS WiFi
S3,S4,S12 S2
Connection to External Networks IMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers
UE
24
LTE Radio Interface Overview Key Features
Flexible Bandwidth Options 1.4 – 20 MHz
High Order Modulation and Coding QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM
Adaptive modulation and coding
Robust OFDMA in the Downlink Multi-Carrier Transmission
Good Multipath Performance
Suited to Advanced Antenna Techniques
Efficient SC-FDMA in the Uplink Still good Multipath Performance
Decoding complexity in the eNB
More power efficient than OFDMA
Advanced Antenna Support MIMO, 2x2, 4x4
Beamforming
eNB
UE
25
LTE Radio Interface Overview OFDMA and SC-FDMA
eNB UE
Fre
qu
en
cy
Time
Fre
quency OFDMA
• Very Efficient
• Good Multipath Performance
• Simplified UE Receiver
• Scalable OFDMA
• Supports MIMO
Fre
qu
en
cy
Time
Fre
quency
SC-FDMA
• Single Carrier /RB
• Simplified UE Design
• Lower power Consumption
• No MIMO
26
LTE Radio Interface Overview
MIMO
eNB UE
• Downlink only
• 2 or 4 Transmit antennas at the
base station
• 2 or 4 Receive antennas at
the UE
• Spatial Multiplexing increases
data rate
• Up to 4x increase in Capacity*
• Requires an Urban Environment
27
Services for LTE
LTE Services • 3rd Party Content
• Operator Managed Content
• Video, Social Networking, WWW
Content Management • IMS
• Service Delivery Platform
• LTE compatible with existing solutions
LTE Network • Is a transport/delivery network
• Can manage content QoS
• High capacity means many customers
28
Voice and LTE
EPC
IMS
IMS Network • Call Session Control Function (CSCF)
• Register VoIP Users
• Processes VoIP Call
• Manages VoIP Services
IMS VoIP
App
LTE Network • Establishes Initial Bearer
• Must maintain an “always on” connection
• Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS
• Routes the VoIP Media
Signalling (SIP)
Media (RTP)
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
Implementation Issues
LTE Deployment
30
Deployment Benefits of LTE
“Cost reduction more important than performance increases, initially” (Adrian Scrase, 3GPP)
Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements
– Cost per Megabit
– 3% of the cost of EDGE, 20% of the cost of 3G (STC)
– Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets
– Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators
– Urban Area payback 6-7 years for green-field operators
LTE Self Organising Network
– 50% less CAPEX, 30% less OPEX (Huawei ME)
HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits
– HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Du)
Race for LTE less urgent
– WiMAX market position is clearer
31
Evolution Paths to LTE
Source; Informa Telecoms and Media
32
Spectrum for LTE
LTE uses Wideband Channels – typically 5 MHz, 10 MHz Large spectral allocations are required
Options are 1.4 MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz
Can use any IMT designated Spectrum
Spectrum re-farming?
Replace your existing 2G/3G with LTE?
Not an option for many operators
No harmonised spectrum
UE hardware Issues - Mobile equipment becomes difficult (expensive!) to
build when so many bands are used
Roaming issues
Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum
This may delay the launch of LTE in some markets
33
Possible LTE Frequency Bands
TV
TV
GSM
300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000 MHz MHz
GSM
UMTS
WiFi
WiMAX
DECT
450 – 470
MHz
Limited
Availability
790 - 862
MHz
Available
2 -3 Years
2300 – 2400
MHz
Limited
Availability
3400 – 3600
MHz Not Suitable for
LTE
These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands
Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies
These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed
880-960
MHz
GSM
Foreseeable
Future
1710-2025
MHz
Good Potential
Equipment ?
2110-2200
MHz
Remains UMTS
HSPA
2500-2690
MHz
Most Likely
Deployments
34
400MHz – 900MHz
Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands
Frequency Advantage Disadvantage Comment
Lower
Frequencies
400 – 900MHz
-Good propagation
-Good in-building
coverage
-large cells possible
-may be cheaper to
deploy
-Problems with
interference,
-possible lower
capacity
-Antennas are large
Sometimes called
the Digital Dividend,
many TV services
are still using this
band
Higher
Frequencies
1Ghz – 4GHz
-Higher capacity
designs possible
-Smaller Antennas
-worse propagation
-building penetration
very high
-may result in high
cost networks
2.5GHz may still be
used to build mobile
systems, but more
difficult, 3.5GHz the
problems increase
1GHz – 4GHz
Higher frequency
Smaller Radio Cell
Higher Capacity
Lower frequency
Bigger Radio Cell
Lower Capacity
35
Example – London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz
36
Example – London LTE Cell at 900 MHz
37
LTE Launches by Frequency Band to 1Q 2012
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
38
What are the alternatives to LTE?
HSPA/HSPA+
Might be closer for some than LTE
Use existing Spectrum
More “natural” roadmap in the short term
Solid Evolution Path (R6, R7, R8….)
Good Performance (20-40 Mbps +)
WiMAX
Now more “fixed” than mobile
Good performance
May not be the most natural roadmap for cellular
operators
Same underlying technology as LTE
Remember 802.16m is a 4G candidate
39
Factors Affecting the Cost of LTE
Positive
More Spectrally Efficient
Use of advanced antenna techniques
High order modulation
Fewer system Components
No RNC
Flatter Network Architecture
Smaller Base Station Components
Less power required
Remote Radio Head utilisation
Negative
Cost of License
Increased Backhaul Capacity Requirement
Use of Ethernet over Fibre Technology in the Backhaul
E1/T1 is expensive
Backhaul still a major issue
40
Share of Net Additions – North America
41
LTE Subscribers by Region - Forecasts
42
So where are we with LTE?
LTE Status Report
Q2 2012
Visit us
At stand
13
43
Telecoms Academy
www.telecomsacademy.com
www.schooloflte.com/