LTE (Long Term Evulation). Evolution of Radio Access Technologies 2 802.16d/e 802.16m.

LTE (Long Term Evulation)

Evolution of Radio Access Technologies

2

802.16d/e

802.16m

WIRELESS ACCESS EVOLUTION

New ServicesNew Services

EfficiencyEfficiency

More Data More Data Services Services requiredrequired

Broadband

Subscribers

Voice

CoverageCoverage

MobilityMobility

Voice QualityVoice Quality

PortabilityPortability

CapacityCapacity

Data ServiceData Service

BroadbandBroadband

Network Network SimplificationSimplification

Cost of Cost of OwnershipOwnership

What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)

These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards

Japan

USA

5

Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements

802.11n(smart antennas)802.11Mesh extns.

Lo

cal A

rea

Fix

ed

Wid

e A

rea

Mo

bile

Co

vera

ge/

Mo

bili

ty

Met

ro A

rea

No

mad

ic

802.16(Fixed LOS)

802.16a/d(Fixed NLOS)

802.11b/a/g

Mobile Industry

Fixed Wireless Industry

4G Air Interfaces

Data Rates (kbps)100,000 +

GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP

MOBILE BROADBAND

DSL ExperienceDial Up

Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

802.16e(Mobile WIMAX)

Fibre Experience

+ True high-speed mobile data

+ Full-motion HD video anywhere

+ Stream any content

+ Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0

(Networking)

+ Triple play

EDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

Mbps

40-100MbpsFiber like speed on mobile

COMPARISON WITH SPEED

+ Spectral efficiencyBetter utilization of spectrum available

+ Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart AntennaFor improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership

+ Increased CapacityMuch higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery

+ Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service deliveryFewer nodes & interfaces (Node-B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies

+ Connect to legacy coresExisting network asset investment protection

+ 3GPP/2 Market tractionEconomy of scale

LTE VoIP cost*

UMTS rel.99 voice call cost$

10%

3GPP subscribers 85% market share

Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research

COMPARISN COST

10-5msec latencyHighly Responsive Multimedia

+ Improved user experience

+ Fast VoIP call set-up

+ Instantaneous web pages

+ Streaming fast buffering

+ Online mobile gamingEDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

RESPONSE TIME

Core Network

What is EPC, eUTRAN and EPS

EPC = Evolved Packet Core (SAE)eUTRAN = Evolved UTRAN ( LTE RAN ) EPS = Evolved Packet System incl EPC, eUTRAN and terminals

(LTE/SAE terminology only used within 3GPP standardization workgroups)

Non-3GPP

CS networks

”IP networks”

3G

2G

Circuit Core

IMS domain

EPCeUTRAN

User mgmt

LTE Offer’s Performance and capacity

DL 100 Mbps AND UL 50 Mbps

Simplicity

Flexible Bandwidths (5Mhz-20Mhz),

FDD and TDD

plug-and-play Devices

self-configuration Devices

self-optimization Devices

LTE ACCESS LTE radio access

Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

20 MHz1.4 MHz

TX TX

SC-FDMA

OFDMA

FREQUENCY BEND

LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)

Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency

Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services

Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access

technologies

LTE ARCHITECTURE

eNB eNB

eNB

MME/UPE MME/UPE

S1

X2

X2

X2

EPC

E-UTRAN

Evolved Packet Core

MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity

eNB = eNodeB

EVOLVED PACKET CORE NETWORK

MMEMME

P-GW/S-GWP-GW/S-GW

MMEMME MMEMME

P-GW/S-GWP-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GWP-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GWP-GW/S-GW

LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B

LTE NODE BLTE NODE B

S11

S1-Cp

X2

Gi

Interfaces

Air Interface

E

P

C

EUTRAN

3G NETWORK

GGSN

IP networks

SGSN

IuGb

2G 3G

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

Gr

Gi

LTE/SAE Architecture

Iur

Only PS Domain shown

Gn Gn

HSPA (HIGH SPEED PACKET DATA ACCESS)

GGSN

IP networks

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

Gr

Gi


Iur

Gx


Gn

Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic

Release 7 ”Direct Tunnel”

LTE/EPC Network Architecture

GGSN => Packet Gateway

SGSN => Mobility server

BSCRNC

SGSN/ MME

GGSN/ P/S-GW

GSM, WCDMA

IP networks

LTE

EPC

MME = Mobility Management EntityP/S-GW = PDN/Serving gateway

LTE/SAE

PDN GWServing GW

MME

S1-MME S1-U

LTE

IP networks

eNodeB

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

S3

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

S11

Gr

S10

S6a

SGi


X2

Iur

S7

Non-3GPP access

S2a/b

The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios

(S5 in-between)

A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency


S4

KEY NODES OF LTE

MME Functionality

Responsibilities is to keep track of terminals in idle

Mobility handling

Authentication

Roaming

SGSN can be software upgraded to a MME and after that function as a combined SGSN and MME

SGi

MME

S1-MME S1-U

S11

X2

S10

eNodeB

S3

S4

SGSNSAE GW

SAE GW Functionality PDN SAE GW (ANCHOR)

Anchor for mobility non 3GPP Network (Wimax and other Network)

Serving SAE GW:

Routing Anchor inter 3-GPP mobility (GSM/3G/4G Netowork) Security Lawful Intercept

P/S-GW node, which also can be a software upgrade of a current GGSN node.

SGi

MME

S1-MME S1-U

S11

X2

S10

eNodeB

S3

S4

SGSNSAE GW

LTE/SAE ArchitectureMain SAE interfaces (non-roaming case)

S1-MME S1-U

IP networks

S3 S11

S10

SGi

S4

S5/S8

(SGi)

X2

SAE CN Architecture

OSS-RC

S1-MME:

control plane protocol between eNodeB and MME

S1-U: user plane tunneling interface between eNodeB and Serving GW

S5: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW

S8: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW for roaming

S10: control plane interface between MME and MME

S11: control plane interface between MME and Serving GW.

S4: *)user plane tunneling interface between SGSN and PDN GW

S3: *)control plane interface between MME and SGSN.

*)

Note: Interfaces non-3GPP accesses not covered.

SAE GWMME

eNodeB

SGSN

SAE GW(in some usecases only)

CALLING PATH FROM 2G TO 3G NETWORKS

25

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW

IP Network, Internet /Services

BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B

A LTE SubscribereNodeB

B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

26

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

27

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

28

BSCBSC

Base Station ControllerBase Station Controller

The call request reaches the BSC from the The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to SGSN.BTS and is forwarded to SGSN.

After call is established, the BSC will perform After call is established, the BSC will perform decodingdecoding of the call (in typical config.) of the call (in typical config.)

29

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

30

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

31

SGSNSGSN

Serving GPRS Support NodeServing GPRS Support Node

SGSN used for packet routing. It also working as MSC/VLR The SGSN used in 2G/3G networks is converted to a Mobile

Management Entity, MME. SGSN says I don’t know the location of subscriber B so that’s why I

am sending the request to HLR for finding the location.

32

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

33

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

34

HSS/HLRHSS/HLR

Home Subscription Server / Home Location RegisterHome Subscription Server / Home Location Register

•The HSS/HLR stores all the user data.•It registers the location of the user in the visited network.•HLR/HSS says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I HLR/HSS says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right nowknow where he/she is right now.•It tells to the SGSN back.It tells to the SGSN back.

35

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

36

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

37

SGSNSGSN

Serving gateway Support NodeServing gateway Support Node

•It says OK I collected the information about subscriber and store it temporarily.•I am sending to the information to P-GW & S-GW by MME

38

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

39

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

40

MMEMME

Mobility Management EntityMobility Management Entity

MME FunctionalityResponsibilities is to keep track of terminals in idle Mobility handling Authentication Roaming

41

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

42

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

43

P-GW/ S-GWP-GW/ S-GW

Packet Data Network Gateway/ ServingPacket Data Network Gateway/ Serving

P-GWIt uses for switching and mobility management between subscriber.

Serving SAE GW:RoutingAnchor inter 3-GPP mobility (GSM/3G/4G Network)SecurityLawful Intercept It is the IP point of attachment for the user.The P-GW allocates the IP address to the user A, that enables it to communicate with other IP hosts in the external networks, or the internet.

44

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

45

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

46

PCRFPCRF

Policy & Charging Resource FunctionPolicy & Charging Resource Function

•The PCRF is the network element that is responsible for Policy andCharging Control.

•it performs decisions on how to handle the service in terms of QoS (Quality of Service).

47

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

48

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

49

P-GW/ S-GWP-GW/ S-GW

•It takes information from PRCF•PRCF provides information to the PCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function) located in the P-GW, after verify the charging functionality.•If necessary to BBERF (Binding and Event Reporting Function) located in the SGW, to set up the appropriate bearers and policy.

50

MME

PCRF

SGSN

HLR/HSSS-GW

P-GW


BTSBSC

A 2G Subscriber

A 3G Subscriber

RNC

Node B


B Non 3GPP

Node B

B 3GPP

BSC

3G- R’993G- R’99HSPAHSPA

HSPA EvolutionHSPA Evolution

LTELTE

2002 2005 2008/2009 2009

384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 MbpsPeak rate

2007

7/14 Mbps

Mobile broadband speed evolution

LTE EvolutionLTE Evolution

2013

1 Gbps

Target

LTE All-IP RAN OVERVIEW Switching site

2G

3G RNC

BSC

LTE

SGW

Mobile backhaul

Metro, HRAN

Fibre

Microwave

Copper

Access, LRAN

RBS site

No Revolution - Just Evolution of Existing Infrastructure

IP/MPLS

(metro ethernet)

LRAN

• L2 or L3 possible

• Router somewhere in the LRAN/HRAN network

HRAN

• L3, IP/MPLS

• Redundancy

• Security GW, if IPsec used

eNodeB

• Peak rates: 150..300 Mpbs

• Fibre/microwave to site

• E-LAN or E-Line

SGw

• Located at Switching Site

All-IP, 3..4 CoS classes

LTE/SAE Architecture Product dimension

PDN GWServing GW

MME

S1-MME S1-U

LTE

IP networks

eNodeB

SGSN

Iu CPGb

2G 3G

S3

BSC

BTS

RNC

Node B

HLR/HSS

PCRF

Iu UP

S11

Gr

S10

S6a

SGi


X2

Iur

S7

Non-3GPP access

S2a/b

S4PDN GW

Serving GW

”Gateway”

MMESGSN

”Mobility Server”

PCRF

HLR/HSS

”HLR/HSS”

EPC

eNode B

RBS

OSS

PA/DU Core & IMS

PA/DU Radio

THANKS

LTE SECRETS 2 main issues have been investigated:

The physical layer The access network internal architecture

Physical layer Downlink based on OFDMA

OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc Uplink based on SC-FDMA

SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices

(battery power considerations) For both FDD and TDD modes

(User Equipment to support both) With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA

framing also Access Network consideration

For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

LTE RELEASE Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA

Release 5 (2002) : HSDPA

Release 6 (2005) : HSUPA, MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services)

Release 7 (2007) : DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), optimized real-time services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk).

Release 8(2009) :LTE (Long Term Evolution)

IP Networks. General concepts

OSI model (1978) Based on 7 layers

OSI and SS7 Model

OSI SS7

Layers DescriptionPacket Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Performs IP header compression Reduces the number of bits to transmit over the radio Interfaced Based on Robust Header Compression (ROHC)

Radio Link Control (RLC) Responsible for Segmentation/concatenation Retransmission handling In-sequence delivery to higher layers Located in the eNodeB since no higher layers exists in LTE In WCDMA this was handled higher in hierarchy

Medium Access Control (MAC) Responsible for Uplink/downlink scheduling Hybrid-ARQ retransmissions Choice of modulation Resource assignment

Physical Layer (PHY) Responsible for Coding/decoding Modulation/demodulation Resource mapping

LTE (Long Term Evulation). Evolution of Radio Access Technologies 2 802.16d/e 802.16m.

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Transcript of LTE (Long Term Evulation). Evolution of Radio Access Technologies 2 802.16d/e 802.16m.