On September 27, 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Assembly Bill 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006.

AB32 is a law that mandates a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. This has resulted in the CARB

“Heavy-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Aerodynamic Efficiency Measure”.

CARB says that significant progress can be made toward the 2020 goal relying on existing technologies and improving the efficiency of energy use. These requirements mirror the Federal “Smartway”

program. The GHG regulation focuses specifically on hardware but we have known for years that that the number one efficiency

factor is the driver. And frankly that is being overlooked.

Mark Sturdevant- Chairperson- California Trucking Association, San Bernardino/Riverside Unit

(Directly from the EPA website)

What are the basic specifications for a US EPA Certified SmartWay tractor?

• Model Year 2007 or later engine;

• Integrated cab-high roof fairing;

• Tractor-mounted side fairing gap reducers;

• Tractor fuel-tank side fairings;

• Aerodynamic bumper and mirrors;

Options for reducing periods of extended engine idling (auxiliary power units, generator sets, direct fired heaters, battery powered HVAC system, and automatic

engine start/stop system); and

Options for low-rolling resistance tires (single wide or dual) mounted on aluminum wheels.

What is missing?

Driver efficiency training programs.

33

19 Years of Federal Truck Engine Emission Changes

1

1988

1991

199419982002/2004

20070.01

1.2Nitrogen Oxides - NO x ( g/bhp-hr)

Parti

cula

te M

atter

-

PM (

g/bh

p-h

r)In order to meet EPA 07 emissions regulations, traditional exhaust/muffler systems must be replaced by an Aftertreatment System - (it is not possible to meet EPA 07 emissions regulations by making changes to the engine alone)

20 years of Reductions to the 2010 Federal Engine Standard for NOx and PM

Department 4

0.10 0.01

0.2

1.2

2.5

4.0

5.0EPA ‘98

PM [g/hp-hr]

EPA ‘94

North America EPA 2010

EPA ‘02

EPA ‘07

EPA 2010

PM: 0.01 g/hp-hr

NOx: 0.2 g/hp-hr

5

CARB On-Road Truck and Bus Regulation

Tandem Axle Tractor with Sleeper Single Axle Tractor Bus

CARB has passed the most stringent truck emissions regulations in the history of USA transportation. Between 2011 and 2023 every commercial vehicle #14,001 and greater will have to be retrofitted or replaced with a newer, low emission truck.

The table to the right shows the number and types of vehicles that would be subject to the proposed regulation. As can be seen, there are almost 400,000 in-state vehicles, and just over 550,000 interstate vehicles that operate in California each year. Less than 5 percent of these vehicles are motor coaches and school buses.

Reefer truck Hay truck Drilling rig

6

EPA07 Aftertreatment DeviceIn order to meet EPA07 emissions regulations the traditional muffler has been replaced by a new Aftertreatment Device (ATD) or otherwise referred to as a DPF.

Description

The ATD combines a DOC and DPF to burn off collected particulate matter (PM) in a process called ‘regeneration’.

Without adequate temperatures for regeneration, the filter will continue to trap PM and eventually plug.

98% of the diesel soot is trapped in the DPF

7

DEF Level Gauge Lamps DEF Lamp

75% to 100% 4 green lights off

50% to 75% 3 green lights off

25% to 50% 2 green lights off

10% to 25% 1 green light off

5% to 10% 1 yellow light on solid

0% to 5% 1 red light flashing on flashing

2010 Engine Operation- Driver InducementsIn addition to the BlueTec hardware is a new DEF gauge. Just like filling up their diesel tank, drivers will need to remember to watch their DEF gauge and fill it when needed.

FULL

EMPTY

25% Engine Derate55 MPH Vehicle Speed Limit

Check Engine Lamp

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

8

Warning Light (Triggers) – EPA07 Engines

Zone 1 Trigger

(Auto Regen)

Zone 2 Trigger

(Auto Regen)

Zone 3 Trigger

(Auto Regen)

Zone 4 Trigger

(Parked Regen)

Zone 5 Trigger

(Parked Regen)

Series 60 Truck & Coach

7.6 Hrs

315 Miles198 kg fuel

13.5 Hrs460 Miles

289 kg fuel

14.5 Hrs520 Miles

327 kg fuel

15 Hrs

550 Miles345 kg fuel

19 Hrs800 Miles

502 kg fuelHDEP

(DD13 & DD15)

8 Hrs 325 Miles

203 Kg

14 Hrs 540 Miles

338 Kg

15 Hrs 600 Miles

375 Kg

15.5 Hrs 625 Miles

391 Kg

20 Hrs 800 Miles

500 Kg

MBE 4000 8 Hrs300 Miles

No fuel trig

16 Hrs450 Miles

No fuel trig

17 Hrs500Miles

No fuel trig

17.5 Hrs525 Miles

No fuel trig

28 Hrs800 Miles

No fuel trig

MBE 900 – 9.0”

Low HP Units

6 Hrs124 Miles30 kg fuel

7.5 Hrs174 Miles55 kg fuel

8.5 Hrs217 Miles65 kg fuel

9 Hrs239 Miles75 kg fuel

10 Hrs283 Miles85 kg fuel

MBE 900 – 10.5”

High HP Units

8 Hrs280 Miles60 kg fuel

9.5 Hrs357 Miles90 kg fuel

10.5 Hrs388 Miles

105 kg fuel

11 Hrs419 Miles

115 kg fuel

12 Hrs466 Miles

140 kg fuel

SOLID FLASHING

FLASHING

+

FLASHING

+

Summary of Significant Factors Influencing Fuel Economy% Penalty

Drivers: Worst to Best drivers within a fleet/industry- (1.8 Mpg) up to 30%Route: Interstate vs Intrastate (Congested roads) up to 1.2 Mpg 20%Vehicle Speed: 55 Mph vs 65MPH (.08+ Mpg) Aero dependent 13%Aerodynamics: Worst to Best Class 8 Tractors at 60 Mph (.55 Mpg) 9%

Aerodynamics : Smartway Dry Van/Reefer vs non-Smartway Van/Reefer (.6Mpg) 6%Climate: Summer (70F or Higher) vs Winter (25F)- (.75 Mpg) 13%Wind / Terrain – (.75 Mpg) 13%Idle Time: 1 Gallon Per Hour of Idling (up to 1.5 Mpg) 20%Tires: Non -Smartway vs Smartway Low Rolling Resistance(.25 Mpg) 4%

As shown above the “driver” has the single greatest effect on fuel efficiency and GHG emissions