Lt. Col. Steve SteinAerospace Education Officer

1LT Tom TyeDeputy AEO

CPT Dona SteinOrientation Rides Project OfficerSquadron Aerospace EducationTeam

C/John HermanCadet AEO24Civil Air PatrolKnowledge. Skills. Attitudes.Aero-Space Education

The Civil Air PatrolModel Rocketry Program

Redstone Stage

Text colored in green indicates Quiz material

23Civil Air PatrolKnowledge. Skills. Attitudes.Aero-Space Education

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers

Made a simple explosive powder from saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and used in religious festivals.

Eventually these were turned into weapons. Fire Arrows were used at the battle of Kai-Keng where the Chinese repelled the Mongol invaders in 1232 (13th Century).Chinese invent rockets in the 1st Century A.D.

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A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers

Simple rockets were used in other battles over the centuries such as:

By the French against the British in 1429 at Orleans- Again in 1449 at Siege of Pont-Andemer- 100 lb. shrapnel carrying rockets during the Thirty Year War (1618-1648)- In India against the British (1792-1799)21

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers Newtons 3 Laws of Motion in the 17th Century were used practically in the design of rockets.20

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers19William Congreve, a British military expert, used a more scientific approach:

Standardized the composition of gunpowder Added sticks as flight stabilizing guides Increased rockets range from 300 to 3,000 yards Congreve rockets were used by the British against Americans at Fort McHenry in 1812 and are the rockets red glare in The Star Spangled Banner

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers William Hale developed the technique of spin stabilization which increased stability and accuracy.

By the end of the 19th Century dreams of space flight were beginning, but this would require machines with great power and speed.18

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSKonstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)17 Russian teacher.

He was a visionary and is still considered by his countrymen to be the first scientist to lay the foundation for space exploration.

He was fascinated by stories such as Jules Verns 1865 novel From The Earth To The Moon.

He invented concepts such as spacesuits, microgravity, and rocket control outside the atmosphere.

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSKonstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)16 In 1903 he published an article titled The Exploration of the World Space with Jet Propulsion Instruments. It is recognized as being the first true, scientifically-based proposal for space exploration.

The article covered such topics as:- The relationship between the mass of a rocket as it burns fuel, the velocity of the exhaust, and its final velocity- He illustrated a liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engine which is the most powerful chemical fuel combination, used today by the Space Shuttle.

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers He is often recognized as the Father of Space Travel.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSKonstantin Eduarodovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)15

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers Born in Transylvania. At age 11 he too was inspired by Verns From The Earth To The Moon, realizing that many of the books concepts had sound science behind them.

At age 14 he theorized a rocket could travel through space by expulsing exhaust gases.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSHermann Oberth (1894-1989)14

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSHerman Oberth (1894-1989)13 As a doctoral student he wrote a thesis on the development of the rocket titled The Rocket In To Planetary Space.

Though initially rejected by the science community, the thesis covered topics such as:- Fuel consumption- Fuel handling hazards- Dangers of working with solidpropellant- Possible hazards to humans

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSHerman Oberth (1894-1989)12 He also reasoned the concept of staging to lighten a rocket and improve its engines efficiency by dropping off excess dead weight.

In the 1930s he worked with Werner von Braun on developing the V-2 rocket for the German Army, and later they worked together for the U.S. Army.

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSRobert H. Goddard (1882-1945)11 The Father of practical modern rocketry.

In his high school valedictorian speech he wrote, The dream of yesterday, is the hope of today, and the reality of tomorrow.

After a period of experimentation he built and flew the first successful liquid rocket, launched on 16 MAR 1926 near Worchester, Massachusetts.

It flew for 2.5 seconds to an altitude of 41ft.

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers One of the great advantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel is that it can be controlled.

During WWI his work on solid fuels led to the development of the WWII anti-tank bazooka.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSRobert H. Goddard (1882-1945)10

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSRobert H. Goddard (1882-1945)9 In the 1920s he wrote a paper speculating on the eventual travel to the Moon using high-powered rockets. It caught the medias attention where he was ridiculed. This caused Goddard to conduct most of his future experimentation in secret.

He and his wife moved to New Mexico and continued to conduct rocketry experiments, and caught the attention and interest of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh.

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great PioneersFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSRobert H. Goddard (1882-1945)8 His research was little recognized by the U.S. scientific community, but was closely followed by German scientists who were preparing for war.

His experimental work included:- Fuel feeding devices- Propellant pumps- Gyroscopic stabilizers- Flight monitoring instrumentation

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers Just prior to WWII he helped the Navy develop the solid fueled Jet Assisted Take-Off (JATO) rocket.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSRobert H. Goddard (1882-1945)7

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers Like many others, he was inspired by the works of Jules Vern and H.G. Wells.

As a teen he was a follower of Oberth and became involved in a German rocket society.

In the 1930s he worked with Oberth developing German rocketry.

He led the group that developed the V-2 ballistic missile for the Nazis of WWII.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSDr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977)6

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers Though controversy still looms over whether he knew slave labor was used to build the V-2, von Brauns dream was always manned space flight.

The V-2 was a marvel of its time:- 46 feet long- Weighed 27,000 lbs.- A sophisticated and reliable liquid fuel propellant system- Flew at speeds in excess of 3,000 miles/hour- Could carry a warhead/payload 500 miles distantFOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSDr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977)5

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers As WWII was ending von Braun and his team traveled west to meet up with Allied troops and surrendered, not wanting to be captured by advancing Soviet troops from the east.

Under Operation: Paperclip, nearly all the remaining V-2s and their production equipment was crated up and shipped to Fort Bliss, Texas along with von Braun and his team.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2hcOEKi7WA

FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSDr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977)4

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers They continued their work in New Mexico, later moving to the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama.

Von Brauns team was responsible for the Jupiter-C missile that launched Americas first satellite as well as developing the Saturn V rocket that took men to the moon.FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSDr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977)3

A Brief History of Rocketry & Its Great Pioneers He was always a prominent spokesman for space exploration and founded the National Space Institute public interest organization (which later merged with the L-5 Society to form the National Space Society).FOUR OF THE GREAT ROCKET PIONEERSDr. Werner von Braun (1912-1977)2

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