LRP2010 - WG5 Fundamental Interactions Nathal Severijns ( K.U.Leuven) for WG5 Town Meeting Madrid,...

LRP2010 - WG5

Fundamental Interactions

Nathal Severijns (K.U.Leuven)

for WG5

Town MeetingMadrid, June 1 - 3, 2010

04/10/23 1WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010

04/10/23 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 2

WG5 members

R. Calabrese (Italy)G. Drexlin (Germany)D. Horvath (Hungary)K. Kirch (Switzerland)K. Pachucki (Poland)F. Piquemal (France)S. Schoenert (Germany)N. Severijns (Belgium)R. Timmermans (The Netherlands) C. Volpe (France)C. Weinheimer (Germany)O. Zimmer (France)

K. Jungmann (The Netherlands)E. Widmann (Austria)

thanks to colleagues who contributed as non-WG5 member

04/10/23WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting,

Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 20103

particles

interactio

nssymmetries

Key questions

- What are the properties of the neutrino?

- Which fundamental symmetries are conserved in nature?

- What is the origin of the matter dominance in the universe?

- Are there new sources of CP violation?

- What are the properties of antimatter?

- Are there other forces than the four known ones?

- Are there new particles and what is their role in the universe?

- What are the precise values of the fundamental constants?


3 Properties of known basic interactions - QED and fundamental constants (e.g. g-2, α, anti-H, H-like ions, … ) - QCD (exotic atoms) - Gravity (e.g. matter vs. antimatter behavior, … )

Key issues


1. Fundamental Fermions - Neutrino oscillations and the neutrino mixing matrix - Neutrino masses (direct measurements and double beta decay exps.) - Quark mixing matrix and unitarity - New (time reversal invariant) interactions in nuclear and muon β-decays

2. Discrete symmetries - Parity violation - Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector (e.g. EDM’s) - CPT and Lorentz invariance

1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance

Future directions - overview

1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups

2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases

3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model

Recommendations - overview


2. Support for and from theory

3. Facilities

a. Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector

a nonzero particle EDM violates P, T and, assuming CPT conservation, also CP

investigate different systems,providing complementaryinformation on different

sources of CP violation

some current EDM constraints :

e.g. permanent EDM‘smatter – anti-matter asymmetry

1. Fundamental symmetries

atoms: Hg, Xe, RnDiamagnetic

Paramagnetic

atoms: Tl, Cs, Fr

Molecules

PbO, YbF, TlF

lepton EDM

quark chromo!EDM

quark EDM

FUNDAMENTAL THEORY

atom

ic th

eory

nucl

ear t

heor

y

QCD

Nuclei

Neutrons

Leptons

Schiff Moment


- for p, d EDM exps. good prospects with ring

(e.g. plans for COSY)

- R- and D-corr. in decay(nTRV @ PSI)

APV is complementary to parity-violating electron scattering (APV in graph)

for determining effective weak couplings of quarks and search for new physics beyond SM

e.g. APV: test of the SM through measurements of the Weinberg angle

b. Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions

Future measurements:

- trapped atoms and ions with enhanced APV effect, in casu Fr, Ba+, Ra+

- measurements on series of isotopes



Note: experiments at low energy very clean since radiative corrections are minimal

c. CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance

CPT: e.g. spectroscopy of - antiprotonic atoms (pbar-p, pbar-He) (AD-CERN) - antihydrogen (i.e. e+-pbar atom)

AD-CERN


close interaction with theorists is essential


Lorentz violation: test frame dependence of observables

Need for future facilities: ELENA, FLAIR

2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix

Neutrino masses


needs: - enrichment of isotopes - experiments to support matrix elements calculations

- direct measurements: KATRIN spectrometer, sensitivity = 0.2 eV MARE calorimeters, phase-II sensit. = 0.2 eV

Dirac or Majorana particle ??

- 0 decay: CUORE (130Te), SuperNEMO (150Nd or 82Se), GERDA (76Ge): sensitivity ≈ 0.05 – 0.3 eV

hierarchy

2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix

Neutrino mixing matrix:

atmospheric reactor solar

123 123 12 (45 4) (33.7 1.(? 3) )

oscillation experiments (e.g. Double Chooz) determine size of 13


if 13 large search for CP violation in lepton sector (phase )

superbeams, neutrino factories, beta-beams (esp. if 13 < 0.02)

flavor eigenstates mass eigenstates

12

0.180.24

0.97425(22) 0.22534(93) 0.00393(36)

0.230(11) 1.04(6) 0.0412(11)

0.0081(6) 0.0387(23) 0.77

0.99995(61)

(masses, decays theory, …)

from K decays

Future: - improve precision (spectroscopy, mass measurements)

a. Precision measurements in decay

3. Electroweak interactions

strong limits on physics beyond Standard Modele.g. - scalar currents - right-handed crts.

A. CKM quark mixing matrix

- neutron lifetime issue !

- new transitions (e.g. superallowed, T = 1/2 mirror)

04/10/23 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010


search for non-SM weak interactions: - S & T currents - new V, A interactions (e.g. V+A)

B. Correlation measurements in decay

- neutron decay

J

a, A, B, R, … correlations with aSPECT, PERKEO, nTRV, … reliable value for lifetime n needed !

An

PERKEO

n = 885.7(8) s

n = 878.5(8) s


- higher yields (nuclei & UCN)

B. Correlation measurements in decay

- nuclear beta decay

a, A, … correlations

- needs for field

- polarized samples in traps ( tensor, right-handed currents, …)

- precise determination of nuclear polarization

- improved simulation codes

- long beam times

- particle traps (@ GANIL, ISOLDE, KVI, … )

- simulation codes

b. Precise QED studies within the SM

Accurate QED predictions required for

improved determinations of fundamental constants (e.g. α, me, …)

Precisions @ 10-13 level reached

3. Electroweak interactions

- g-2 measurements: electron α muon test standard model


- light hydrogenic ions, muonic & pionic hydrogen, …e.g. me from L/ c for C5+

- light few-body atoms: He, Li, pbar-He, …

- highly charged ionse.g. QED in strong E-fields, magnetic moments, …

- many-electron atoms theory: electron correlations, …

QCD

QCD and Gravitaiton

- pionic atoms (e.g. DIRAC exp, PSI)


- kaonic atoms & kaonic nuclear bound states e.g. SIDDHARTA, AMADEUS, AD, FLAIR

- pbar-atoms (ELENA@AD, FLAIR)

- gravitational interaction of antimatter e.g. gravitational mass of anti-H with AEGIS@AD

- searches for non-Newtonian gravity e.g. test law of gravity at small distances (GRANIT, qBounce, ..)

Gravitation

1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance

Future directions - overview

1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups

2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases

3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model

Recommendations - overview


2. Support for and from theory

3. Facilities

• Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups

• Support for theory

• Facilities

1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotonsELENA @ CERN, later FLAIR@GSI

2. underground laboratories (upgrades / new ones)

3. upgraded and new facilities

Recommendations - 1


- training of young people

- development of new techniques

- detectors

- to improve/extend possibilities of traps

and from theory

• Support for and from theory

• Facilities1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotons

2. underground laboratories

3. upgraded and new facilities (time-ordered approach)

4. regular access to beams & long continuous beam time periods:

nuclei: ISOL@MYRRHA

neutrons: high-intensity neutron sources

QED: sources of coherent short-wavelength e.m. radiation

Recommendations - 2


nuclei - HIE-ISOLDE

- SPIRAL2 (DESIR)

- EURISOL

neutrons - UCN source @ FRM-II

- European Spallation Source

anti-p - modules 4 & 5 of FAIR (for QED & antiproton research)

• Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups

Accelerator (600 MeV proton, 4 mA)

Lead-Bismuth coolant

Sub-critical reactor

ADS “Accelerator Driven System”

Neutron multiplier

Fastneutronsource

Waste transmutation

Material testing

others: RI, NTD-Si,...

Flexible irradiation facility

Spallation source

( proton neutron )

The MYRRHA concept (SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium)www.sckcen.be/myrrha/

http://www.sckcen.be/myrrha/


Future directions


Recommendations

LRP2010 - WG5 Fundamental Interactions Nathal Severijns ( K.U.Leuven) for WG5 Town Meeting Madrid,...

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