LR 04 English L1 Vocabulary and Morphology

8/6/2019 LR 04 English L1 Vocabulary and Morphology

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Functional SkillsEnglish

Level 1

Learning Resource 4Vocabulary and Morphology

Rw/L1.1-3


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VOCABULARY AND MORPHOLOGYLEVEL 1

West Nottinghamshire College 1

Excellence in skills development4

Contents

4a Using Reference Materials Rw/L1.1 Pages 2 - 6

4b Vocabulary Associated with Rw/L1.2 Pages 7 - 10Different Kinds of Text

4c Prefixes as Clues for Meaning Rw/L1.3 Pages 11 - 14

4d Word Origins Rw/L1.3 Page 15


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4VOCABULARY AND MORPHOLOGYLEVEL 1RW/L1.1Excellence in skills development

Information Glossaries

A glossary is a list of terms relating to a specific area of knowledge. Written in alphabeticalorder, a glossary contains explanations and definitions. In this way, a glossary works in asimilar way to a dictionary. You will usually find a glossary in a reference book. If there isa glossary, it tends to be situated at the back of the book just before the index.

Exercise 1

Look at these book titles below and circle those which are likely to contain aglossary.

Fishing In Focus The Adventures Of Harriet Potter

Shadow Night A Guide To Madrid

Effective Study Techniques Everyday Maths Explained

A Story For Life 20th Century Medicine

Aromatherapy For Beginners A Drink Too Far

The Long Weekend A Simple Guide To Physics

Organic Food For The Family White Clouds Over Grey



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Information Dictionaries

A dictionary is a reference book consisting of a list of words arranged in alphabetical order.As well as definitions and explanations regarding the meaning of words, dictionariescontain additional information relating to each word:

the country from where the word originates,

suggested pronunciation of the word,

syllables contained within the word,

the part of speech that the word represents e.g. noun, verb,

derived words, plurals and tenses.

You may also notice that dictionaries often make use of abbreviations. Theseabbreviations often relate to word origins or parts of speech. The most commonly usedabbreviations are listed below:

Aust = Australian Brit = British

N.Z. = New Zealand S. African = South African

adj = adjective n = noun

adv = adverb pl = plural

conj = conjunction prep = preposition

fem = feminine pro = pronoun

masc = masculine v = verb



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4Excellence in skills development

Exercise 2 Dictionaries and Abbreviations

Look at the abbreviations below. Your first task is to write each word in full. Yoursecond task is to look up that word in a dictionary and write the definition given.

pl .

Definition

conj .

Definition

pron .

Definition

adv .

Definition

fem .

Definition


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Exercise (cont.) Dictionaries and Abbreviations

prep .

Definition

masc .

Definition

adj .

Definition

v .

Definition

n .

Definition


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Exercise 3 Sources of Information

Look at the sources of information and the definitions below. Your task is to matchthe pairs correctly. If you are unsure of the pairs, use your dictionary to help.

This is a list of options on offer

An alphabetical list of subjects

mentioned in a text. This is adetailed guide to a document.Dictionary

Glossary

Key

Contents

Menu

This tells you the information thatis contained in a document andhow the information has beenorganised. It acts as a generalnon-specific guide.

This provides crucial informationabout the presentation andinterpretation of a document.

This book, containing analphabetical list of words,provides meanings anddefinitions.



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Information Vocabulary Used to Persuade

When someone is writing a text which is aimed at persuading people to do something orbuy something, they need to choose their vocabulary carefully. They often choose wordswhich over exaggerate the qualities they are describing.

Example

Instead of describing a seaside resort as a pleasant place to take the family for a holiday,you may well see something like this:

Bogthorpe is anidealplace to bring your family for arelaxingfamily holiday. Themilesof golden beachandclear blue waterwill keep your little ones amused while you sit

back andrelaxincarefreesurroundings.

If you examine the bold print you will see the vocabulary used is chosen carefully to reflectthe kind of holiday the reader wants to see! It paints the ideal family holiday in the readerseye.

Exercise 4 Identifying Persuasive Text Vocabulary

Read the following extract from a holiday brochure and then highlight thevocabulary which has been chosen specially to persuade the reader to buy theholiday.

Why not treat yourself to a well-earned break in the glorious Yorkshire Dales? From the

breathtaking views to the warm Yorkshire welcome you will receive from your hosts, inwhatever kind of accommodation you choose, you will be sure to enjoy a holiday second tonone an experience which will bring you back to Yorkshire again and again. Whether youenjoy walking, bird watching, potholing, rock climbing or merely sitting watching others beingenergetic, you are guaranteed a stimulating yet relaxing holiday. Dont miss out on someamazing current offers on long weekend breaks in the Dales!



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Information Different Vocabulary for Different Uses

Texts written for different purposes use different kinds of language and vocabulary. Forexample if you were writing a letter to your bank manager to ask for a loan, you would usedifferent language and vocabulary from that you would use if you were texting a mateabout meeting on Saturday night and different again if you were writing a thank you letterto your favourite aunt, wouldnt you?

Exercise 5 Recognising Different Uses of Vocabulary

Try matching the examples of language in the boxes on the right, with the use they

were written for in the boxes on the left.

Discuss with someone why you made the choices you did. Would they have madethe same choices? Why/why not?

A thank you letter toyour favourite aunt

The rusty hinges of the door creakedas she slowly opened it to reveal adarkly lit, shadowy hallway.

An advertisementMeet me 2night at front entrance 2Marlons Bar. Bring plenty of money!

A ghost storyIt is with great sadness, we report thedeath of Mr B Smith, Director ofFinance to the County Council.

An announcement in the newspaper

Thank you so much for the money you

sent me for my birthday. It means Ihave been able to buy the DVD Ivebeen saving up for, for ages! Youre sokind.

A text messageBuy your new carpets from us now, anddont pay a penny until next year.



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Exercise 6

Make a collection of texts appropriate to your vocational work, or to an area ofinterest to you which shows the different ways language is used.

For example, if you are interested in motor maintenance, a collection of the following textswould show you an amazing variety of different kinds of language and vocabulary:

a maintenance handbook; an advertisement for a second hand car in the newspaper; an advertisement for a family saloon from a magazine; an advertisement for a sports car from a motor magazine; instructions on how to fit a CD player in a car;

a car log book; an MOT certificate;

and you should be able to think of many more!

Take photocopies of the texts, if necessary, and stick them on sheets of A4. Annotate orlabel them, pointing out the different kinds of language and vocabulary.



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Information Different Uses of Descriptive Language

Even if the same object is being described, if it is for different purposes, the writers willchoose to use different language and vocabulary. It is important that you recognise this inother writers before you begin to write for different purposes extensively for yourself.

Exercise 7 Recognising Different Features of Descriptive Writing

Examine these two different texts both describing the same place: one is a piece ofpoetry, the other a geographical description of the landscape features of the sameplace.

Highlight the vocabulary and language features which are special to each genre.

Oh, what a wonderful sight is the moor.Into the heather-scented air soars the sweet sounding lark,Hovering high above the purple and mauve canvasThen dipping and swooping,Suddenly dropping like a stone to earthHiding itself among the plum-coloured bushes.

Barnby Moor is situated 30 miles east from the city of Leeds.The underlying rock is Millstone Grit and its flora is consistentwith that type of moorland, ling and purple flowering heather.Skylarks are to be found nesting in the area.



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Information Prefixes

A prefix is a group of letters that can be added to the beginning of a root word thatchanges its meaning. When the letters are added to the beginning of the root word, thespelling of that root word remains the same. E.g. comfort(root) discomfort (prefix).

Exercise 8 Adding Prefixes

Look at both the prefixes and the root words. Your task is to add a suitable prefix toeach of the root words.

Root Words

..septicPrefixes

.smokerde

..wise .honest

..formir

.taste

mis ..mobile .capable

..logicaldis

.responsibleun

..mortal .named

..fortunenon-

.compressin

..lucky .rationalim

..legal .possible

il ..frost .placeanti

..resistible .polite



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By studying the prefixes on the previous page, we can see that certain prefixes are usedfor certain words. Prefixes are not interchangeable. They have slightly different meaningsand when we look carefully certain patterns may emerge.

de (reverse) e.g. defrost

This is used in front of verbs and verb derivatives

ir (not) e.g. irreversible

This is used in front of adjectives beginning with r

mis (wrong/badly) e.g. mistrust

dis (not) e.g. distrust

un (contrary) e.g. unsafe

This is used in front of adjectives and certain verbs

non- (not) e.g. non-smoker

This prefix is alwaysused with a hyphen exceptwith the word nonsense

im (not) e.g. imperfect

This occurs in front of adjectives beginning with m or p

il (not) e.g. illegal

This is used in front of adjectives and usually occurs before I

anti (against) e.g. antibiotic, anti-apartheid

This is used to form nouns and adjectives. A hyphen is often used if the rootword begins with a vowel.



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Exercise 9 Prefixes

Look carefully at the prefixes provided. Your task is to add suitable root words.Use a dictionary to ensure that your words make sense.

de ir. mis...

dis.. un.. non..

in. in im.

il.. anti. de

ir.. mis. dis

un non in..

im il. anti..

de ir. mis

dis.. un.. non-..

in. im.. il

anti. de.. ir...

mis.. dis.. un

non. in im.

il.. anti. de

ir. mis. dis

un non in..

im... il. anti..


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Prefixes can give us a clue to the meaning of the word. Prefixes can provide us with a

range of information for example information relating to numbers, negativity and size.

Exercise 10

Look at the lists of words below. Your task is to add one more word to each listusing the prefix provided. Define the meaning of the prefix. You can use adictionary to help you where necessary.

microphone telephone bicycle triangle

microlight television bifocal triad

microfilm telegram biannual trifid

. . . .

photoactive aquarium aeroplane biodiversity

photocopy aquaplane aerobatics bioculture

photosynthesis aquaerobics aeronautics biohazard

. . . .

Now write the definition or meaning of each of these prefixes.

micro . tele .

bi . tri .

photo . aqua .

aero . bio .



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Information Word Origins

Language is constantly changing. It is updated with the introduction of new words whilstmany old words die out of ordinary use. As well as newly invented words and words frompopular culture, the English language uses words from other languages. Likewise someEnglish words have been adopted by other countries.

Exercise 11

Look at the two categories of words below and match each word to its origin. Use adictionary to help if necessary.

Clothing Origin

pyjamas Latin

sari Turkish

umbrella Eskimo

bra Urdu

anorak Old English

dress Hindi

fleece Italian

fez French

Animals Origin

elephant Spanish

kiwi Caribbean

ostrich Greek

tapir Maori

rabbit Aboriginal

iguana Dutch

cow Norse

kangaroo Latin

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LR 04 English L1 Vocabulary and Morphology

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