Lp power point r

Hanadi Mirza [email protected]

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LESSON PLANNING

IN

STUDENT CENTERED-CLASSROOMS


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CLASSROOM

Teacher-Centered Student-Centered

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STUDENT-CENTERED CLASSROOM

• How do students actively learn?

• What is learning?


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Ten Principles of Learning1. We learn to do by doing. 2. We learn to do what we do and not something else. 3. Without readiness, learning is inefficient and may be harmful. 4. Without motivation there can be no learning at all. 5. For effective learning, responses must be immediately reinforced. 6. Meaningful content is better learned and longer retained than less

meaningful content. 7. For the greatest amount of transfer learning, responses should be

learned in the way they are going to be used. 8. One's response will vary according to how one perceives the

situation. 9. An individuals responses will vary according to the learning

atmosphere. 10.One does the only thing one can do given the physical inheritance,

background, and present acting forces.


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Tell me and I will forget

Show me and I might not remember

Involve me and I will understand

Ce qui reste quand on a tout oublié


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What Do We Remember?• We remember …

• 10% of what we read;• 20% of what we hear;• 30% of what we see;• 50% of what we see and hear• 80% of what we say;• 90% of what we say and do

From: Resources for Organizations and Creative Training TechnIques, 1997


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The teacher helps students construct

THEIR own knowledge.

HOW?


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Teacher Should:

• check students’ prior knowledge about the desired topic

• help/guide students to say and do

To construct THEIR own knowledge.

CONSTRUCTIVISM


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GAPS

NO lazy students but students with gaps in

prior knowledge.

Teachers are one major cause of students’gaps in knowledge.(students with normal abilities)


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Types of Learners & Learning Styles

Types of learners Learning styles

High

Average }Achievers

Low

VAK

Visual,Auditory,Kinesthetic

VARK

Visual,Aural,Read/Write,

Kinesthetic


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Some Prerequisites for a Successful Lesson Plan

• Material• -Rapport between Teacher and students

-Appropriate Use of Motivational Strategies• Reward/Punishment System• Effective Classroom Management Techniques


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MATERIAL

• Interesting/ motivating• Valuable/ relevant• Appropriate level of difficulty (neither too easy

nor too difficult)• Balanced activities • Suitable for different types of learners (individual

differences)• Appropriate visual aids and graphic organizers

(Importance of visual aids especially in lower elementary class rooms).

• Integration of language skills.


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Rapport between teachers and students:

Teacher should:

• Create a positive environment ( A classroom where it is FUN to learn and where students’ anxiety level is low)

• have NO teacher’s pets• Be friendly but firm • promote affiliation and approval among students• Apply effective motivational strategies before

during and after the lesson plan


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How can a Teacher motivate students?

8 characteristics to motivate students:

1. Instructor's enthusiasm2. Relevance of the material3. Organization of the course4. Appropriate difficulty level of the material5. Balanced activities6. Active involvement of students7. Variety8. Rapport between teacher and students


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HOW CAN YOU

M O T I V A T E

YOUR STUDENTS?


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Incorporate Instructional Behaviors

• Hold high but realistic expectations for your students

• Help students set achievable goals for themselves

• Tell students what they need to do to succeed in your course

• Strengthen students' self-motivation• Avoid creating intense competition among

students• Be enthusiastic about your subject


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Structure Your Course

• Work from students' strengths and interests

• When possible, let students have some say in choosing what will be studied

• Increase the difficulty of the material as the semester progresses

• Vary your teaching methods.


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Respond To Their Work

• Give students feedback as quickly as possible

• Reward success• Introduce students to the good work done

by their peers• Be specific when giving negative feedback• Avoid demeaning comments• Avoid giving in to students' pleas for "the

answer" to homework problems


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De-emphasize Grades

• Emphasize mastery and learning rather than grades

• Design tests that encourage the kind of learning you want students to achieve

• Avoid using grades as threats to punish:

a-Student’s misbehavior

b-Incomplete tasks


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8 Simple Rules for Teachers

• Rule 1: Emphasize the most critical concepts continuously.

• Rule 2: Provide students with a "visual aid" when possible to explain abstract concepts.

• Rule 3: Rely on logic when applicable.• Rule 4: Use in-class activities to reinforce newly

presented material.• Rule 5:Help students create a “link” when teaching

something new.• Rule 6: Recognize the importance of vocabulary in a

course.• Rule 7: Treat students with respect.• Rule 8: Hold students to a high standard.


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Other ImportantTeacher’s Characteristics

Teacher should develop the 3 Rogerian

Characteristics of a counselor:

a. Listen intently to his/her students

b. Unconditionally accept all students

c. Empathize with his/her students


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Reward/punishment system:

• Be consistent in applying class rules agreed upon on the first day of school

• Use happy/sad face chart (or equivalent)

• Use appropriately token economy &Time-Out

• Don’t punish students RATHER motivate them to complete the task

• Don’t ridicule students


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Classroom Management Techniques

Effective management of:

• Class time (time on task)• Students behavior ( behavior modification and

reward/punishment system) • Classroom instructions Tell students: 1- what to do 2- what material to use 3- how much time to complete the task


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Useful Educational Sites

• http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/teachtip.htm

• www.teAchnology.com


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Neuroscience &

Lesson Planning

FROM BRAIN SCAN TO LESSON PLAN

http://www.apa.org/monitor/mar00/brainscan.html


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T H A N K Y O U

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