Lower Extrmities Pelvis Femur Tibia,Fibula Tarsals, Metatarsals Phalanges.
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Transcript of Lower Extrmities Pelvis Femur Tibia,Fibula Tarsals, Metatarsals Phalanges.
Lower Extrmities
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia,Fibula
Tarsals, Metatarsals
Phalanges
Pelvis(Coxal Bone)
• Iliac Crest: upper, curving boundary of ilium
• Ilium: Upper flaring portion
• Ischium: Lower, posterior portion
• Pubic bone (pubis): Medial, anterior section
• Acetabulum: Hip socket; formed by union of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Pelvis cont.
• Iliac spines:
• A. Anterior superior: Prominent projection at anterior end of iliac crest; can be flelt externally as “point” of hip.
• B. Anterior inferior: Less prominent projection short distance below anterior superior spine.
Pelvis cont.
• C. Posterior superior: At posterior end of iliac crest.
• D. Posterior inferior: Just below posterior superior spine.
• Greater Sciatic Notch: Large notch on posterior surface of ilium just below posterior inferior spine.
Pelvis cont.• Spine of Ischium: pointed projection just
above tuberosity.
• Obtuator foramen: large hole in anterior surface of os coxa; formed by pubis and ischium; largest foramen in body.
• Ischial Tuberosity: Large rough, quadrilaterial process forming inferior part of ischium.
Pelvis cont.• Ramus of Ischium: Lower part of Ischium
• Superior Ramus of Pubis: Part of pubis lying between symphysis and acetabulum; forms upper part of obturator foramen.
• Inferior Ramus of Pubis: Part extending dowwn from symphysis unites with ischium.
• Pubis: lower part of pelvis.
Pelvis cont.• Pubic tubercle: Rounded process at end of
crest
• Pubic crest: Upper margin of superior ramus.
FemurThigh bone; largest bone in body
• Head: rounded upper end of bone; fits into acetabulum.
• Neck: Constricted portion just below head.
• Greater Trochanter: Protuberance located inferiorly and laterally to head.
• Lesser Trochanter: Small protuberance located inferiorly and medially to greater.
Femur cont.• Intertorchanteric line: Line extending
between greater and lesser trochanter.
• Condyles: Large, rounded bulges at distal end of femur, one medial and one lateral.
• Epicondyles: Blunt projections from the sides of the condyles; one on the medial aspect and on the lateral aspect.
• Adductor tubercle: Small projection just above medial condyle; marks termination of medial supracondylar ridge.
Femur cont.• Trochlea: Smooth depression between
condyles on anterior surface; articulates with patella.
• Intercondyloid fossa: Deep depression between condyles on posterior surface; cruciate ligaments that help bind femur to tibia lodge in this notch.
Patella
Kneecap; largest sesamoid bone of the body; embedded in tendon of
quadriceps femoris muscle.
TibiaShin bone
• Condyles: bulging prominences at proximal end of tibia; upper surfaces concave for articulation with femur.
• Intercondylar eminence: Upward projection on articular surface between condyles.
• Crest: Sharp ridge on anterior surface.
• Tibial tuberosity: Projection in midline on anterior surface.
Tibia cont.• Medial malleolus: Rounded downward
projection at distal end of tibia; forms prominence on medial surface of ankle.
FibulaLong, slender bone of lateral side of lower leg
• Lateral malleolus: Rounded prominence at distal end of fibula; forms proninence on lateral surface of ankle.
• Head: Prominence on proximal end of Fibula; articulates with lateral surface of tibia.
• This is the non weight bearing bone of the lower leg.
Tarsalsbones that form heel and proximal or
posterior half of foot.
• Calcaneus: heel bone
• Talus: Uppermost of tarsals; articulates with tibia and fibula; boxed in by medial and lateral malleolus.
• Navicular: articulates with the talus and cuneiforms I, II, & III
Tarsals cont.
• Cuneiforms: form arch of foot; Numbered I,II, & III; articulate with navicular and Metatarsals
• Cuboid: forms side of ankle; articulates with calcaneus and IV & V Metatarsals.
Metatarsals
• Long bones of the foot
• Numbered like the metacarpals of the hand.
• I - big toe through V - little toe
Phalanges
• Miniature long bones of the toes; two in each great toe; three in other toes.