Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure,...
Transcript of Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure,...
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Lower Canopy & LOD: Productivity, Structure,
Diversity
ESRM 304
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Learning ObjectivesØ Know why we measure lower canopy vegetation & Large Organic Detritus (LOD)
Ø Know what basic lower canopy & groundstory attributes are important and how to measure them
Ø Introduce field methods for labs this week
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Lower Canopy Information: Importance
Ø Site QualityØ Forest Structural PatternsØ Wildlife-Habitat relationshipsØ Biological DiversityØ Biomass of secondary forest products
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Site Quality
Ø Productive capacity of forest landØ Useful for …
o Determining what species are suitableo Predicting growth potentialo Evaluating ecosystem resiliencyo Determining management prioritieso Land valuation
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Assessing Site Quality
Potential for forest growth can be identified by using assemblages of lower canopy vegetation
Scots pine growing in Finland …
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Assessing Site QualityCloser to home …
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Assessing Site Quality
Site Index for Ponderosa Pine, 100-yr basis7
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Examining Structural Patterns• Northwest ecosystems contain many different
vegetation patterns • Types, amounts, and distribution of
vegetation patterns define water quantity and quality, wildlife habitat, timber resources
• Vegetation patterns impact forest processes such as stream flow, erosion, and succession
• forest landscapes are created and maintained through a balance of disturbance and recovery processes.
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Four major stages of stand development
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WildlifeHabitat Relation-ships
Vagrant shrew Townsend’s mole Meadow voles Jumping mice Deer mouse Gophers Ground squirrels Chipmunks
Marsh and Trowbridge’s shrews Southern red-backed vole Tree and flying squirrels Keen’s mouse Shrew-mole Coast mole
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Biological Diversity QuantificationØ Indexes attempt to combine abundance,
composition, dominance into single no.Ø Diversity at different scales
o Landscape levelo Community-Ecosystem levelo Population-species levelo Genetic level
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Diversity at Different ScalesØ Community-ecosystem Level
o How have natural disturbances and / or management activities affected species diversity?
o What is the function of a species in the community?
o Where are the areas of high species richness, endemism, or rarity and how well are they protected?
Ø Community Metricso Richness, composition, Shannon, Simpson
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Lower Canopy Structure & DiversityØ Horizontal structure / diversity
o Species Richnessü Number of species present, ni
o Species Compositionü pi = amt. of species i / amt. all spp.
o Shannon Index (H’)ü H’ = -∑pi . ln(pi)
o Simpson’s Index (D)ü D = ∑[ni(ni-1)] / [N(N-1)]
usually expressed as 1/D 13
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Lower Canopy Structure & Diversity
Ø Vertical structure / diversity
Ø BSD is directly related to FSD
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Biomass of secondary forest products
Ø Secondary Forest Productso Floral arrangements (salal, ferns)o Mushrooms o Fiddle heads (Ferns)o Others …
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Biomass of secondary forest products
Some Biomass Equation examples:Shrubs RUUR (trailing blackberry): TAB = –1.214 + 0.8392 (COV) VACCI (Vaccinium species): TAB = 0.0 + 1.644 (COV) Ferns ATFI (lady fern): TAB = 0.0 + 1.235 (COV) PTAQ (bracken fern): TAB = 0.0 + 3.1057 (COV)
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LOD (DWD, CWD) Information: Importance
➴ Slows travel of surface water➴ Critical habitat for some species➴ Plays a role in temporary carbon
storage (slow release through decay)➴ Contributes organic matter to soil
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Vegetation & LOD Transect SurveysField Methods
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Vegetation Survey – Transects
Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover, composition
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Record what is observed at a set of points at pre-determined distances along a transect (bare ground, species, etc.). Make other comments, as applicable. The transect pictured would produce an estimate of 2/6, or 33% cover.
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Vegetation Survey – Transects
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Point Transect Sampling for vegetation cover, composition
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LOD Survey by TransectLine Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Detritus
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LOD Surveys Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Detritus
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LOD Survey – Transects Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Detritus
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Vegetation & LOD Plot Surveys Field Methods
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LargePlot–LODmeasurement- Sharesplotcenterwithsmallplot- 0.10acreplotè37.2-ftradius
SmallPlot–vegetationmeasurement - sameplotcenteraslargeplot- 0.01acreplotè11.8-ftradius
Fixed-area plots for Vegetation & LOD
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Vegetation & LOD Survey – PlotsFixed-area plots for vegetation & LOD
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Summary RemarksØ Need info on structure, variability,
processes for:o Grouping of stands into productivity classes o Building inventory on critical habitat
conditionso I.D.-ing wildlife-habitat relationshipso Enhancement of grouping stands into risk
classes o Development of management targets for
ü Silvicultural manipulationsü Managing potential fire hazardü Biological diversity maintenance
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Summary RemarksØ Diversity at different scales
o Landscapeo Community
ü Community – Lower Canopy Structure & Diversityü Horizontal / Vertical Structure
o Population - Specieso Genetic
Ø Read Chpt. 10 in Husch, et al. 2003. Forest Mensuration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
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Vegetation & LOD Surveys
Field Trip to St. Edward State Park Bring your PNW Plant ID Key Bring sturdy, closed-toe footwear pref. w/ ankle support Tue 17th, Wed 18th Oct. 2017 Depart from behind Bloedel Hall (C-10 parking lot) promptly at 12:30 P.M. 28