Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for micro-CHP ... Review day 2012... · micro-CHP...
Transcript of Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for micro-CHP ... Review day 2012... · micro-CHP...
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Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for micro-CHP Applications
(256694)
Ellart de Wit HyGear Fuel Cell Systems
The LOTUS consortium
is: the development, construction and testing of a mCHP system based on low temperature SOFC
stack technology Duration: 3 years ( 1 january 2011- 31 december 2013) Budget: k€ 2.955 FCH- Contribution: k€ 1.632 Partner Main task in Project • HyGear Fuel Cell systems (NL) Coordinator, system design and construction • SOFCPower (I) SOFC stack development • Fraunhofer IKTS (D) System modeling • Domel (Slo) Gas- Air system development • University of Perugia (I) User profile input, SOFC single cell testing • European Commission/ JRC (B) SOFC stack testing, test harmonization
• Associated partner: Vaillant (D)
Planning and Status
• Development of hardware is making good progress:
• More time taken for developments: no impact on overall schedule or developments from partners.
Project achievements(1)
• The LOTUS project is well on track:
– Mid term review 24 October 2012
– Stack long term testing 4 month behind (M 17(May 2012) M 21
(Sep 2012)
– Dynamic system modeling 6 month behind (M18 (June 2012) M24
(Dec 2013)
– These delays cause no issues with in the LOTUS consortium or the
overall planning, as tasks are not on critical path. Data are available,
reporting to be done.
• Main events to come:
– Stack delivery to HFCS Jan 2013 (M 24)
– Working prototype June 2013 (M 30)
Project achievements(2)
• Activity focused on new material for improved performances at low
temperature, developing mainly cathode and barrier layer;
• VI and durability tests performed, with performance improvements of approx.
75% in comparison to SoA cell;
• At testing level, a round robin test between SOFCpower and FClab facilities
was carried out, showing good reproducibility (<10% difference, due to
temperature differences)
WP2: Cell performances
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Current density (mA/cm2)
POL compare SOFCPower Vs. UniPG 800
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Project achievements(3)
WP2: Short Stack performances
Test conditions:
T air out = 600 - 750 C
Fuel: H2/N2 60/40 (H2 = 1.44 NL/min)
Air: λ=3
Comparison between SoA (red marks) and improved (blue one) cells
Project achievements(4)
• WP3: System Design & Modeling (IKTS)
– System Requirements Document (SRD) was compiled at joint workshop in
06/2011 (D3.1, M3)
Basis for system design and process layout
– 0-D SOFC stack model was parameterized using ASC measurement data and
development goals from WP2
Basis for system performance estimation
– System design and preliminary process layout calculation was finalized in
09/2011 (D3.2, D3.3, M4)
Basis for component design and system engineering
– Ongoing work for dynamic process modeling and control logic development: • Available Modelica-libraries evaluated for LOTUS process modeling “ThermoPower”-Library was
chosen as development basis for dynamic process model
• Available Modelica-simulators evaluated for LOTUS model implementation “Dymola” was qualified
• Base classes for dynamic process model compiled and tested First model versions of all required
system components are available
• Preliminary investigations of Software State Machines in Dymola Principle approach to model-
based control logic development was prepared
Project achievements(5)
• Dual fuel burner for anode tail gas and natural gas
– Two step design approach: dismountable system for easy
hardware changes and testing. Low cost design for production.
– First design iteration tested and working on both H2 and CH4
– One burner strategy possible: Cost reduction
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Burner-01 Burner-06 Burner-11 Air Natural gas A/F CH4 concentration
Project achievements(6)
• Integrated burner and steam reformer
– Commercial precious metal catalyst
– Sizing limited by heat transfer, not activity of catalyst
– Detailed design of first iteration ready (height = 40 cm)
• Steam generator/ steam gas mixer design ready
– Component is built
– Testing in November 2012 (M 23)
– Time available for Second iteration, if required
Project achievements(7)
• Double staged impeller blower by Domel, to improve
lifetime
– Built and tested at Domel, prototype is ready for delivery
• Single blower strategy lower number of components to
improve reliability and cost
2. Alignment to MAIP/AIP
• LOTUS is part of Application area AA3: micro-CHP
residential, natural gas based
– Electrical efficiency > 45%
• LOTUS Modeling data: 43%. Data available Y3.
– CHP efficiency > 80%
• LOTUS Modeling data: 80% : design for very low heat loss
– System cost: €5000 / 1kWe in 2020
2. Alignment to MAIP/AIP
• LOTUS cost prediction: meeting the MAIP
Cost estimate
(>10.000 pieces)
Stack € 520 Supplier info(SP)
Air preheater € 650 Supplier info
Burner/reformer assy (incl catalyst) € 910 Assumption
Blower € 130 Supplier info
Controls € 195 Assumption
CHP Hex € 130 Assumption
Steam generator € 260 Assumption
Inverter € 975 PV information
BOP € 650 Assumption
Enclosure € 325 Assumption
Total € 4.745
Module/component Source
2. Alignment to MAIP/AIP
• Cost of € 5,000/kW
– Reduction of SOFC temperature to 650°C
• Rational: Use of less expensive materials; Longer life-time
• Status: single cell and short stack tests are onging with good results so far
– Simplify system design • Rational: Less components lowers costs and increases reliability; Combining functions within
same hardware
• Status: New system design model made combining functions: e.g. 1 blower, 1 burner for
start-up and peak burning, combine steam generator with gas mixing
– Use commercial available components • Rational: Use of less expensive materials: proven reliability and long life-time
• Status: several components (Blower, heat exchanger) sourced and in house
2. Alignment to MAIP/AIP
• Develop system for real market conditions • LOTUS will deliver a prototype unit
• BUT, is based on Voice-of-customer demands and requirements
• System Requirement Document finished
• Input from Vaillant GmbH
• Using user profiles North and South Europe
• Vaillant GmbH
• University of Perugia
• Training and Education within LOTUS
University of Perugia makes students familiar with fuel cells and their applications
• Safety, Regulations, Codes and Standards
System will be designed to meet CE criteria, which includes creation of
a HAZOP document and a FMEA
Harmonization of testplans for single cells, stacks and systems
• Dissemination and public awareness
LOTUS website
Partners are taking part in many other international projects
Partners are members of many (inter)national organizations (IPHE, IEA HIA, EHA, etc)
3. Cross-cutting issues
4. Enhancing cooperation and future perspectives
• Technology transfer/collaborations
– Vaillant GmbH. as associated partner provides input on the customer specifications
– National collaborations in all partner countries on Fuel Cell Technology
– Specific national collaboration on SOFC CHP:
• Italy: Efeso
– Interactions with other EU SOFC projects: (ADEL), DESIGN…
– Technology improvement in HyGear, DOMEL, SOFCpower products
– Component reliability improvements
4. Enhancing cooperation and future perspectives
• Collaboration with other European funded SOFC projects:
ADEL, SUAV, Design
• LOTUS partners are interested in follow up demonstration
project for field trials.
– Add more end-user partners