Use of ambiguous detections to improve ... - Olivier Gimenez
Low Impact Development Pollutant Detections In Runoff From California Neighborhoods
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Transcript of Low Impact Development Pollutant Detections In Runoff From California Neighborhoods
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Low Impact DevelopmentPollutant Detections In Runoff From
California Neighborhoods
Loren OkiUC Davis, Plant Sciences
Darren HaverUC Cooperative Extension, Orange County
Low Impact Development ConferenceOctober 6, 2010
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Project Background
Evaluating Best Management Practices (BMP) effectiveness to reduce
volumes and improve quality of runoff from urban environments
Funding provided by: California State Water Resources Control Board CALFED Bay-Delta Program
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Project Objectives
• Characterize runoff• Single family residences• Pesticides, nutrients, drinking water COCs,
pathogen indicators• Determine flow
volumes
• Develop pollutantloading models• Dry and wet season
• Measure outreacheffects
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Site Selection
• 8 sites• 4 each in Sacramento (N. Cal)
and Orange (S. Cal) Counties
• Criteria• Single family homes• 4-20 years old• Lot size• Demographics
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Water Sample CollectionSampling Schedule
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2006 Weekly* Weekly* Weekly
2007 Biweekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
2008 Biweekly Biweekly Biweekly Weekly
2009 Monthly Monthly* None None
2010 None Monthly Monthly Monthly
• Sampling by Master Gardeners in Sac Co• Up to 5 early storms of each season
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• Continuous Data Collection– Flows (depth & velocity)– Temperature– pH– Electrical conductivity– Rainfall
• Automated StormwaterSampling
• Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki
Monitoring
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• Continuous Data Collection– Flows (depth & velocity)– Temperature– pH– Electrical conductivity– Rainfall
• Automated StormwaterSampling
• Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki
Monitoring
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Water Sample CollectionUC Cooperative Extension
Master Gardeners
Photos: L.Oki
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Analyses of Water SamplesUC Riverside
Gan Lab
NutrientsNitrate, TKN,Phosphate, Total P
Pesticidesdiazinon,
chlorpyrifos,pyrethroids (9),
fipronil
Drinking Water COCsTOC, DOC, Brˉ, Clˉ, TDS, TSS, turbidity
Yates Lab
Pathogen indicatorsE. coliTotal coliformsSomatic coliphagesMale-specific
coliphagesEnterococciClostridium
perfringens
PathogensGiardiaCryptosporidium
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Pesticide Detection Frequency
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% d
etec
t
Dia
zino
n
Chl
orpy
rifos
Fip
roni
l
Bife
nthr
in
Fen
prop
athr
in
L-C
yhal
othr
in
cis-
Per
met
hrin
tran
s-P
erm
ethr
in
Cyf
luth
rin
Cyp
erm
ethr
in
Esf
enva
lera
te
Del
tam
ethr
in
% D
ete
ctio
n
n=62
As reported Sep 18, 2008
Detection limit= 0.5 ng/L
OPs
Fipro
nil
Pyre
thro
ids
Sacramento County
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Pesticide Detection Frequency
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% d
etec
t
Dia
zino
n
Chl
orpy
rifos
Fip
roni
l
Bife
nthr
in
Fen
prop
athr
in
L-C
yhal
othr
in
cis-
Per
met
hrin
tran
s-P
erm
ethr
in
Cyf
luth
rin
Cyp
erm
ethr
in
Esf
enva
lera
te
Del
tam
ethr
in
% D
ete
ctio
n
n=62
OPs
Fipro
nil
Pyre
thro
ids
Sacramento County
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% d
etec
t
Dia
zino
n
Chl
orpy
rifos
Fip
roni
l
Bife
nthr
in
Fen
prop
athr
in
L-C
yhal
othr
in
cis-
Per
met
hrin
tran
s-P
erm
ethr
in
Cyf
luth
rin
Cyp
erm
ethr
in
Esf
enva
lera
te
Del
tam
ethr
in
% D
ete
ctio
n
n=56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Dia
zino
n
Chl
orpy
rifos
Fip
roni
l
Bife
nthr
in
Fen
prop
athr
in
L-C
yhal
othr
in
cis-
Per
met
hrin
tran
s-P
erm
ethr
in
Cyf
luth
rin
Cyp
erm
ethr
in
Esf
enva
lera
te
Del
tam
ethr
in
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% d
etec
t
Dia
zino
n
Chl
orpy
rifos
Fip
roni
l
Bife
nthr
in
Fen
prop
athr
in
L-C
yhal
othr
in
cis-
Per
met
hrin
tran
s-P
erm
ethr
in
Cyf
luth
rin
Cyp
erm
ethr
in
Esf
enva
lera
te
Del
tam
ethr
in
Orange Countyn=52
n=49
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Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
12/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
Non-storm
Storm
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
nn = 70ns = 9
S2
nn=70ns= 9
300
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Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
12/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
Non-storm
Storm
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
nn = 70ns = 9
S2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
12/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
1,032.3 ng/L 495.0 ng/L
nn = 60ns = 9
S1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
12/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
688.5 ng/L
n = 69n = 9
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
12/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
6,121.4 ng/L 537.9 ng/L
nn = 69ns = 9
S3 S4
nn=60ns= 9
nn=70ns= 9
nn=69ns= 9
nn=60ns= 9
300300
300 300 Graphics: E. Lee
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Bifenthrin Concentration- N Cal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7/1
0/2
00
6
8/1
0/2
00
6
9/1
0/2
00
6
10
/10
/20
06
11
/10
/20
06
12
/10
/20
06
1/1
0/2
00
7
2/1
0/2
00
7
3/1
0/2
00
7
4/1
0/2
00
7
5/1
0/2
00
7
6/1
0/2
00
7
7/1
0/2
00
7
8/1
0/2
00
7
9/1
0/2
00
7
10
/10
/20
07
11
/10
/20
07
12
/10
/20
07
1/1
0/2
00
8
2/1
0/2
00
8
3/1
0/2
00
8
4/1
0/2
00
8
5/1
0/2
00
8
6/1
0/2
00
8
7/1
0/2
00
8
8/1
0/2
00
8
9/1
0/2
00
8
10
/10
/20
08
11
/10
/20
08
ng
/L
nn = 84ns = 11
170.4 ng/L
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7/1
0/2
00
6
8/1
0/2
00
6
9/1
0/2
00
6
10
/10
/20
06
11
/10
/20
06
12
/10
/20
06
1/1
0/2
00
7
2/1
0/2
00
7
3/1
0/2
00
7
4/1
0/2
00
7
5/1
0/2
00
7
6/1
0/2
00
7
7/1
0/2
00
7
8/1
0/2
00
7
9/1
0/2
00
7
10
/10
/20
07
11
/10
/20
07
12
/10
/20
07
1/1
0/2
00
8
2/1
0/2
00
8
3/1
0/2
00
8
4/1
0/2
00
8
5/1
0/2
00
8
6/1
0/2
00
8
7/1
0/2
00
8
8/1
0/2
00
8
9/1
0/2
00
8
10
/10
/20
08
11
/10
/20
08
ng
/L
nn = 80ns = 11F1 F2N1 N2
nn = 84ns = 11
nn = 80ns = 11
150 150
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7/1
0/2
00
6
8/1
0/2
00
6
9/1
0/2
00
6
10
/10
/20
06
11
/10
/20
06
12
/10
/20
06
1/1
0/2
00
7
2/1
0/2
00
7
3/1
0/2
00
7
4/1
0/2
00
7
5/1
0/2
00
7
6/1
0/2
00
7
7/1
0/2
00
7
8/1
0/2
00
7
9/1
0/2
00
7
10
/10
/20
07
11
/10
/20
07
12
/10
/20
07
1/1
0/2
00
8
2/1
0/2
00
8
3/1
0/2
00
8
4/1
0/2
00
8
5/1
0/2
00
8
6/1
0/2
00
8
7/1
0/2
00
8
8/1
0/2
00
8
9/1
0/2
00
8
10
/10
/20
08
11
/10
/20
08
ng
/L
nn = 77ns = 11
283.16 ng/L 669.70 ng/LNatN4 nn = 77
ns = 11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7/10
/200
6
8/10
/200
6
9/10
/200
6
10/1
0/20
06
11/1
0/20
06
12/1
0/20
06
1/10
/200
7
2/10
/200
7
3/10
/200
7
4/10
/200
7
5/10
/200
7
6/10
/200
7
7/10
/200
7
8/10
/200
7
9/10
/200
7
10/1
0/20
07
11/1
0/20
07
12/1
0/20
07
1/10
/200
8
2/10
/200
8
3/10
/200
8
4/10
/200
8
5/10
/200
8
6/10
/200
8
7/10
/200
8
8/10
/200
8
9/10
/200
8
10/1
0/20
08
11/1
0/20
08
ng
/L
Non-storm
Storm
96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca
nn = 70ns = 7196.9 ng/L151.2 ng/L
150nn = 70ns = 7
N3150
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Intensive Dry Weather Sampling
• Dry weather grab sampling– N. California- Tuesdays, 11:00-2:00 – S. California- Wednesdays, 7:00-
11:00• Hourly sampling for 7 days• S. California Site
– June 16– 23, 2008• N. California Site
– July 23-30, 2008
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Sample Collection & Analyses
Time
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
3 sample composite
TOCTSSNitrateOrthophosphatepHECTurbidity
12 sample composite
DiazinonChlorpyrifos
Fipronil
BifenthrinFenpropathrinL-Cyhalothrincis-Permethrintrans-PermethrinCyfluthrinEsfenvalerateDeltamethrin
1 grab sample every 24 hrs for biologicals
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Sacramento County Location
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Synthetic Pyrethroids
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
W-D
W-N
Th-
D
Th-
N
F-D
F-N
Sa-
D
Sa-
N
Su-
D
Su-
N
M-D
M-N
Tu-
D
Tu-
N
Bif
enth
rin
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ng
/L)
Geomean=2.9
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
M-D
M-N
Tu-
D
Tu-
N
W-D
W-N
Th-
D
Th-
N
Fr-
D
Fr-
N
Sa-
D
Sa-
N
Su-
D
Su-
N
Bif
enth
rin
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
ng
/L)
Geomean=13
Northern California Southern California
Bifenthrin
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Fipronil
Southern CaliforniaNorthern California
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
W-D
W-N
Th-
D
Th-
N
F-D
F-N
Sa-
D
Sa-
N
Su-
D
Su-
N
M-D
M-N
Tu-
D
Tu-
N
Fip
ron
il C
on
cen
trat
ion
(n
g/L
)
Geomean=1.4
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
M-D
M-N
Tu-
D
Tu-
N
W-D
W-N
Th-
D
Th-
N
Fr-
D
Fr-
N
Sa-
D
Sa-
N
Su-
D
Su-
N
Fip
ron
il C
on
cen
trat
ion
(n
g/L
)
Geomean=97
2,884.5 ppt
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Dry season runoff patternsDaily Periodicity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00
Wate
r D
ep
th (
cm)
Time of Day
TueJuly 1
WedJuly 2
MonJuly 7
SunJuly 6
SatJuly 5
FriJuly 4
ThuJuly 3
Graphics: L. Oki
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00
Dry season runoff patternsW
ate
r D
ep
th (
cm)
Time of Day
TueJuly 1
WedJuly 2
MonJuly 7
SunJuly 6
SatJuly 5
FriJuly 4
ThuJuly 3
Daily Periodicity
Graphics: L. Oki
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• 4 Test neighborhoods
• Current county land useLow & Very Low
Density
• 50-year projected land use
• Wet & Dry seasons
Pollutant Loading ModelMulti-Scale
Graphics: A. Manfree
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Pollutant Load Modeling Low & Very Low Density Residential Zones
Graphics: A. Manfree
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Storm and Non-storm Runoff Low and Very Low Density Residential Land Use
Sacramento County
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2007
-21
2007
-23
2007
-25
2007
-27
2007
-29
2007
-31
2007
-33
2007
-35
2007
-37
2007
-39
2007
-41
2007
-43
2007
-45
2007
-47
2007
-49
2007
-51
2008
-1
2008
-3
2008
-5
2008
-7
2008
-9
2008
-11
2008
-13
2008
-15
2008
-17
2008
-19
Date (year-week)
Ru
no
ff (
cub
ic m
eter
s p
er h
ecta
re)
Non-Storm Storm
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2007
-21
2007
-23
2007
-25
2007
-27
2007
-29
2007
-31
2007
-33
2007
-35
2007
-37
2007
-39
2007
-41
2007
-43
2007
-45
2007
-47
2007
-49
2007
-51
2008
-1
2008
-3
2008
-5
2008
-7
2008
-9
2008
-11
2008
-13
2008
-15
2008
-17
2008
-19
Date (year-week)
Ru
no
ff (
cub
ic m
eter
s p
er h
ecta
re)
Non-Storm Storm
38,680 acre-ft181,911 acre-ft
Graphics: A. Manfree
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Site Selection
• Storm drain maps• Locate outfalls• Delineate drainshed• Identify lots• Verify land use
• Visit outfalls• Safe access
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Orange County Location
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Project outline• Controlled experiments• Residential landscape studies• Load estimation• Economic evaluation of BMP effectiveness• Outreach of results
− Local, statewide, regional
Evaluating Outreach MethodsUC Master Gardener Advanced
Training
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Evaluating Outreach MethodsCommunity Activities
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California Center for Urban Horticulture
ccuh.ucdavis.edu