Low Cost Low Cost Green Green

Building Building Materials Materials selectionselection

25-08-201125-08-2011

Presented By Chirag Presented By Chirag SanghviSanghviCP-1911CP-1911

ContentsContents

Define Green Building MaterialsDefine Green Building Materials Advantages Of Green MaterialsAdvantages Of Green Materials Rating System Of MaterialsRating System Of Materials Economic BenefitsEconomic Benefits Selection criteria For Green materialsSelection criteria For Green materials Classification Of MaterialsClassification Of Materials

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WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL?MATERIAL?

A material can be considered “GREEN” if:-A material can be considered “GREEN” if:- It is made up of renewable materials.It is made up of renewable materials. It has minimum possible environmental cost.It has minimum possible environmental cost. It has low energy utilization in its manufacturing as well It has low energy utilization in its manufacturing as well

as its functioning.as its functioning. It is easily recyclable.It is easily recyclable. It is efficient in the long run.It is efficient in the long run.

Why Green Materials?Why Green Materials?

Current construction practices consume over 3 billion Current construction practices consume over 3 billion tons of raw materials per year.tons of raw materials per year.

Increased need to conserve non-renewable resources.Increased need to conserve non-renewable resources. Reduce environmental impact of building and Reduce environmental impact of building and

construction activities.construction activities. National, State, and Local Funding OpportunitiesNational, State, and Local Funding Opportunities

Advantages of Green Advantages of Green MaterialsMaterials

Improved Energy ConservationImproved Energy Conservation Improved indoor environmentImproved indoor environment

Air QualityAir Quality Occupant HealthOccupant Health

Reduced operations costReduced operations cost Lower environmental ImpactLower environmental Impact

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Selection CriteriaSelection Criteria

Resource EfficiencyResource Efficiency Recycled contentRecycled content RenewableRenewable Efficient manufacturing processEfficient manufacturing process Local availabilityLocal availability Easily recyclableEasily recyclable Recyclable PackagingRecyclable Packaging Product DurabilityProduct Durability

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation Water ConservationWater Conservation

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Selection Criteria- con’tSelection Criteria- con’t

Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality Moisture resistantMoisture resistant Minimal Emissions (VOC)Minimal Emissions (VOC) Installation has low (VOC)Installation has low (VOC) Healthy cleaning or maintenanceHealthy cleaning or maintenance

Cost EfficientCost Efficient InstallationInstallation MaintenanceMaintenance Within specifications of project budgetWithin specifications of project budget

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How are materials rated?How are materials rated?

U.S. Green Building CouncilU.S. Green Building Council Non-profit organization committed to expanding sustainable Non-profit organization committed to expanding sustainable

building practicesbuilding practices

LEED- Leadership in Energy & Environmental DesignLEED- Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design Developed rating systems for construction projects in 2000Developed rating systems for construction projects in 2000 Voluntary consensus based standardsVoluntary consensus based standards Design and Construction Practices meeting specified Design and Construction Practices meeting specified

standards reducing negative impacts on occupants and standards reducing negative impacts on occupants and environmentenvironment

Project Certification Process using appropriate comprehensive Project Certification Process using appropriate comprehensive rating system, projects earn credits by meeting technical rating system, projects earn credits by meeting technical requirementsrequirements

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Economic benefitsEconomic benefits The economic benefits of green buildings should be The economic benefits of green buildings should be

understood from the point of view of operation of the understood from the point of view of operation of the building and the resultant savings in its lifetime. building and the resultant savings in its lifetime.

At the construction stage, monetary savings can result from At the construction stage, monetary savings can result from choice of building materials The First CostsSavings = costs choice of building materials The First CostsSavings = costs and savings from incorporating green features into a and savings from incorporating green features into a building building

Life-Cycle Costs/Savings = costs/savings over a building’s Life-Cycle Costs/Savings = costs/savings over a building’s or feature’s useful lifeor feature’s useful life

The first cost of the green buildings vary significantly The first cost of the green buildings vary significantly depending on specific project goals. While there are many depending on specific project goals. While there are many significant benefits that are ‘no additional cost’ (like no west significant benefits that are ‘no additional cost’ (like no west facing openings) , some features will cost more in both facing openings) , some features will cost more in both design and material cost.design and material cost.

It is estimated that the design and building of a commercial It is estimated that the design and building of a commercial building constitutes just 2% of the overall cost in 30 years. building constitutes just 2% of the overall cost in 30 years. The rest of the 98% comprises of operations, The rest of the 98% comprises of operations, maintenance, finance and employee costs. maintenance, finance and employee costs.

  

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A design approach of using appropriate building systems may result in actual lowering of first costs by as much as 20%. In comparison estimates for additional first cost of mainstream green buildings are as low as 0-3%, for LEED Certified, to 10% or more for higher LEED ratings

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SELECTION CRITERIA FOR GREEN MATERIALGREEN MATERIAL Local availability of materials.Local availability of materials. Embodied energy of materials.Embodied energy of materials. % of recycled/waste materials used.% of recycled/waste materials used. Rapidly renewable materials.Rapidly renewable materials. Contribution in energy efficiency of building.Contribution in energy efficiency of building. Recyclability of materials.Recyclability of materials. DurabilityDurability Environmental Impact Environmental Impact

Local availability of Local availability of materialsmaterials

As far as possible locally available materials are to be As far as possible locally available materials are to be preferred so as to minimize the energy spent in preferred so as to minimize the energy spent in transportation of the building materials. Energy transportation of the building materials. Energy consumed in transportation should be considered as consumed in transportation should be considered as total energy spent on transporting materials starting total energy spent on transporting materials starting from the place of manufacturing.from the place of manufacturing.

Rating Criteria for Availability Rating Criteria for Availability of materials, near the of materials, near the site( 2points)site( 2points)

Supplier between 0-5 km: 2 pointsSupplier between 0-5 km: 2 points Supplier between 5-10 km: 1.8 pointsSupplier between 5-10 km: 1.8 points Supplier between 10-20 km: 1.5 pointsSupplier between 10-20 km: 1.5 points Supplier between 20-30 km: 1.3 pointsSupplier between 20-30 km: 1.3 points Supplier between 30-50 km: 1 pointSupplier between 30-50 km: 1 point Supplier between 50-75 km: 0.8 pointsSupplier between 50-75 km: 0.8 points Supplier between 75-100 km: 0.6 pointsSupplier between 75-100 km: 0.6 points Supplier between 100-250 km: 0.4 pointsSupplier between 100-250 km: 0.4 points Supplier between 250-1000 km: 0.2 pointsSupplier between 250-1000 km: 0.2 points Supplier at a distance greater than 1000 km: 0 pointsSupplier at a distance greater than 1000 km: 0 points

Embodied energy of Embodied energy of materialsmaterials

Embodied energy is an assessment of the energy Embodied energy is an assessment of the energy required to manufacture any building material. This required to manufacture any building material. This include energy required to extract raw materials from include energy required to extract raw materials from nature, energy used to transport raw materials to nature, energy used to transport raw materials to manufacturing unit and the energy used in manufacturing unit and the energy used in manufacturing activities to provide a finished product. manufacturing activities to provide a finished product.

Rating Criteria for the Embodied Rating Criteria for the Embodied energy of Materials ( 2 points)energy of Materials ( 2 points) Benchmark Value: Benchmark Value: 5MJ/Kg5MJ/Kg Available Points on Benchmark: Available Points on Benchmark: 1 1 Embodied Energy between Benchmark to -10%: Embodied Energy between Benchmark to -10%: 1.2 Points1.2 Points Embodied Energy between -10% to -25% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between -10% to -25% of Benchmark: 1.3 Points1.3 Points Embodied Energy between -25% to -50% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between -25% to -50% of Benchmark: 1.4 Points1.4 Points Embodied Energy between -50% to -75% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between -50% to -75% of Benchmark: 1.6 Points1.6 Points Embodied Energy between -75% to -100% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between -75% to -100% of Benchmark: 2.0 Points2.0 Points Embodied Energy between Benchmark to 25% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between Benchmark to 25% of Benchmark: 0.9 Points0.9 Points Embodied Energy between 25% to 50% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 25% to 50% of Benchmark: 0.8 Points0.8 Points Embodied Energy between 50% to 75% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 50% to 75% of Benchmark: 0.7 Points0.7 Points Embodied Energy between 75% to 100% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 75% to 100% of Benchmark: 0.5 Points0.5 Points Embodied Energy between 100% to 200% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 100% to 200% of Benchmark: 0.4 Points0.4 Points Embodied Energy between 200% to 300% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 200% to 300% of Benchmark: 0.3 Points0.3 Points Embodied Energy between 300% to 400% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy between 300% to 400% of Benchmark: 0.1 Points0.1 Points Embodied Energy Above 400% of Benchmark: Embodied Energy Above 400% of Benchmark: 0 Points0 Points

Percentage of recycled/waste Percentage of recycled/waste materials usedmaterials used

Building materials can be manufactured using recycled Building materials can be manufactured using recycled materials or using waste materials. Use of recycled materials or using waste materials. Use of recycled materials helps the environment and the economy in materials helps the environment and the economy in several ways. A significant effect is that of lessening several ways. A significant effect is that of lessening the need for manufacture with virgin, non-renewable the need for manufacture with virgin, non-renewable resources, which saves precious resources, energy resources, which saves precious resources, energy and cost.and cost.

Percentage of Recycled materials Percentage of Recycled materials (1 point):(1 point):

   If a material rather than using new materials uses up recycled If a material rather than using new materials uses up recycled

materials then it qualifies as a potential green material. For e.g.- If A materials then it qualifies as a potential green material. For e.g.- If A and B are two wastes or two recycled materials and if material C is and B are two wastes or two recycled materials and if material C is made up of material A and B in some proportion than material C made up of material A and B in some proportion than material C qualifies to obtain points under this criteria. qualifies to obtain points under this criteria.

The percentage of recycled material can be worked out as follows: The percentage of recycled material can be worked out as follows: Calculate the amount of such materials in 1m3 of new material and Calculate the amount of such materials in 1m3 of new material and find out its proportion in m3. Then divide the two and you can find out its proportion in m3. Then divide the two and you can establish how much percentage of recycled materials is contained establish how much percentage of recycled materials is contained in a new material.in a new material.

The no of points awarded are found by the following formula:The no of points awarded are found by the following formula: No of Points= (% of Recyclable materials)/100No of Points= (% of Recyclable materials)/100

Use of renewable Use of renewable materialsmaterials

Materials manufactured or materials with resources Materials manufactured or materials with resources that are renewable (i.e. wood or solar power) rather that are renewable (i.e. wood or solar power) rather than non-renewable (i.e. fossil fuels) shall be preferred.than non-renewable (i.e. fossil fuels) shall be preferred.

Rapidly Renewable Materials ( 1 Rapidly Renewable Materials ( 1 point): point): If the material has the capability of being renewed in a short If the material has the capability of being renewed in a short

period of time then the material is termed as a Rapidly period of time then the material is termed as a Rapidly Renewable material and is liable to get extra points as a green Renewable material and is liable to get extra points as a green material. material.

If the material is renewed in a cycle of 10 years or shorter then If the material is renewed in a cycle of 10 years or shorter then it can be termed as a good rapidly renewable material and it it can be termed as a good rapidly renewable material and it gets 1 point in the scale. gets 1 point in the scale.

If the material has a higher period of renew ability then it gets If the material has a higher period of renew ability then it gets points relative to its period, i.e. If it is 11 years then points points relative to its period, i.e. If it is 11 years then points obtained are 0.9 and if 12 years then 0.8 and so on up to 19 obtained are 0.9 and if 12 years then 0.8 and so on up to 19 years.years.

For a period of 20 or more years no points are awarded and For a period of 20 or more years no points are awarded and the material is termed as a normal renewable material.the material is termed as a normal renewable material.

Contribution in Energy Contribution in Energy Efficiency of buildingsEfficiency of buildings

Construction and operation of buildings utilizing major portion Construction and operation of buildings utilizing major portion of total energy produced. With little careful efforts, designers of total energy produced. With little careful efforts, designers and builders can reduce energy loads on structures, reducing and builders can reduce energy loads on structures, reducing energy requirements and the strain on natural resources. With energy requirements and the strain on natural resources. With proper orientation of building with reference to solar radiation proper orientation of building with reference to solar radiation to receive maximum day lighting, operable windows for natural to receive maximum day lighting, operable windows for natural cross-ventilation, use of passive cooling techniques, cross-ventilation, use of passive cooling techniques, (eliminating or lessening the need for air conditioning), walling (eliminating or lessening the need for air conditioning), walling unit with lower U values, roof insulation, water-saving devices unit with lower U values, roof insulation, water-saving devices and more efficient appliances can all work to lessen energy and more efficient appliances can all work to lessen energy needs. Consideration of alternate energy source use, such as needs. Consideration of alternate energy source use, such as wind, solar and tidal power, can help alleviate reliance on wind, solar and tidal power, can help alleviate reliance on traditional fossil fuel sources. traditional fossil fuel sources.

Energy Efficiency (1 Energy Efficiency (1 point):point):

Energy Efficiency can be judged on the basis of U-Energy Efficiency can be judged on the basis of U-value of the material. After studying U-values of various value of the material. After studying U-values of various materials and studying their effects we found that for materials and studying their effects we found that for the value of 2.31 W/m-K no effect on interior the value of 2.31 W/m-K no effect on interior temperature is caused due to exterior temperature. So temperature is caused due to exterior temperature. So a Benchmark U-value is adopted as a Benchmark U-value is adopted as 2.31 W/m-K.2.31 W/m-K.

So if a material is having a U-value lower than this then So if a material is having a U-value lower than this then it can get a maximum of 1 point and if it is higher than it can get a maximum of 1 point and if it is higher than the benchmark then it does not get any points in this the benchmark then it does not get any points in this criteria.criteria.

Recyclability of materialsRecyclability of materials

The recyclability of the materials can be judged from The recyclability of the materials can be judged from quantity of materials recovered for re-use after the quantity of materials recovered for re-use after the useful life of materials/products or after demolition of useful life of materials/products or after demolition of the building.the building.

Criteria for the Recyclability of Criteria for the Recyclability of Materials (3 points)Materials (3 points)

◦ If the material is recyclableIf the material is recyclable >90% then 3 points >90% then 3 points◦ If the material is recyclableIf the material is recyclable >80% and <90% then 2.5 points >80% and <90% then 2.5 points◦ If the material is recyclable If the material is recyclable >60% and <80% then 2 points >60% and <80% then 2 points◦ If the material is recyclable If the material is recyclable >40% and <60% then 1.5 points >40% and <60% then 1.5 points◦ If the material is recyclable If the material is recyclable >20% and <40% then 1 points >20% and <40% then 1 points◦ If the material is recyclable If the material is recyclable >0% and <20% then 0 points >0% and <20% then 0 points

0 marks are given to materials from 0 to 20%. It may happen that 0 marks are given to materials from 0 to 20%. It may happen that most of the times that the cost of recycling is less than the cost most of the times that the cost of recycling is less than the cost of the new materials but if it is vice versa than the recycling of of the new materials but if it is vice versa than the recycling of the material has no meaning.the material has no meaning.

DurabilityDurability

Materials which are long lasting and needing little Materials which are long lasting and needing little maintenance are preferred. Material replacement puts maintenance are preferred. Material replacement puts a strain on the earth, its resources and inhabitants. In a strain on the earth, its resources and inhabitants. In making materials more durable and easy to maintain, making materials more durable and easy to maintain, manufacturers can help in eliminating a costly, manufacturers can help in eliminating a costly, damaging and time-consuming process of damaging and time-consuming process of replacement.replacement.

Durability Criteria(1 point)Durability Criteria(1 point)::

   Material life is greater than 80 years: 1 pointMaterial life is greater than 80 years: 1 point Material life between 60-80 years: 0.8 pointsMaterial life between 60-80 years: 0.8 points Material life between 40-60 years: 0.6 pointsMaterial life between 40-60 years: 0.6 points Material life between 20-40 years: 0.4 pointsMaterial life between 20-40 years: 0.4 points Material life between 5-20 years: 0.3 pointsMaterial life between 5-20 years: 0.3 points Material life between 1-5 years: 0.2 pointsMaterial life between 1-5 years: 0.2 points Material life less than 1 year: 0.1 pointsMaterial life less than 1 year: 0.1 points

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

All materials used for construction of buildings must not All materials used for construction of buildings must not harm the environment, pollute air or water, or cause harm the environment, pollute air or water, or cause damage to the earth, its inhabitants and its ecosystems damage to the earth, its inhabitants and its ecosystems during manufacturing process, and also during use or during manufacturing process, and also during use or disposal after end of life. Material should be non-toxic disposal after end of life. Material should be non-toxic and contribute to good indoor air quality. and contribute to good indoor air quality.

Environmental Impact( +0.5 to -2 Environmental Impact( +0.5 to -2 points):points):

Disposal conditions of a material can be classified into four and points Disposal conditions of a material can be classified into four and points are allocated on that basis. The conditions are as follows:are allocated on that basis. The conditions are as follows:

◦ If the material is degraded by itself and may or may not be useful If the material is degraded by itself and may or may not be useful for alternate usage but in now way produces any harmful for alternate usage but in now way produces any harmful materials then it gets 0.5 points.materials then it gets 0.5 points.

◦ If the material only occupies land but in no way produces any If the material only occupies land but in no way produces any harmful or hazardous waste then it gets 0 points. (Non-harmful or hazardous waste then it gets 0 points. (Non-Biodegradable)Biodegradable)

◦ If the material pollutes the land and degrades the soil quality then If the material pollutes the land and degrades the soil quality then the material gets -1 point.the material gets -1 point.

◦ If the material produces Hazardous or toxic materials after If the material produces Hazardous or toxic materials after disposal or a toxic leachate (such that it pollutes the Ground disposal or a toxic leachate (such that it pollutes the Ground Water Table) then the material will get -2 points.Water Table) then the material will get -2 points.

If during incineration it produces carcinogens like Dioxin or If during incineration it produces carcinogens like Dioxin or Furans then the material is outright rejected as green Furans then the material is outright rejected as green material. material.

Classification of materialsClassification of materials

Structural/Partition MaterialStructural/Partition Material Ventilation/Thermal InsulationVentilation/Thermal Insulation Finishing Materials/PaintsFinishing Materials/Paints Materials for furnitureMaterials for furniture

Structural/Partition Structural/Partition materialsmaterials

Mud BrickMud Brick

The production of simple earth blocks only requires The production of simple earth blocks only requires around one thousand of the energy needed to fire around one thousand of the energy needed to fire bricks, and even in cases where earth is stabilized with bricks, and even in cases where earth is stabilized with cement it is no more than a sixth per kg of material.cement it is no more than a sixth per kg of material.

Fly ash brickFly ash brick

In India alone, approximately 100 million tones are In India alone, approximately 100 million tones are generated generated per year.per year. The construction technique and The construction technique and process is improved as the material allows for lighter process is improved as the material allows for lighter structures, shallower foundations, less expensive structures, shallower foundations, less expensive transport costs with environmental benefits as fewer transport costs with environmental benefits as fewer emissions are produced and the speed of setting is emissions are produced and the speed of setting is quicker for comparative standard bricks, and less usage quicker for comparative standard bricks, and less usage of cement and steel reinforcement.of cement and steel reinforcement.

ClaytechClaytech

Claytech bricks are comprised of clay, sand and straw. Claytech bricks are comprised of clay, sand and straw. As they are hand pressed and unfired, they are As they are hand pressed and unfired, they are unsuitable for load bearing walls. Benefits do include unsuitable for load bearing walls. Benefits do include good acoustic properties, thermal qualities that help good acoustic properties, thermal qualities that help regulate temperature and humidity, the clay absorbs and regulate temperature and humidity, the clay absorbs and diffuses water vapor, absorbs odors and have a low diffuses water vapor, absorbs odors and have a low embodied energy.embodied energy.

Ventilation/Thermal Ventilation/Thermal insulation materialsinsulation materials Flax InsulationFlax Insulation

Flax is a plant native to the region extending from the eastern Flax is a plant native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and China. NaturalMediterranean to India and China. Natural insulation can be insulation can be made from 100% flax fibers by matting them together into a made from 100% flax fibers by matting them together into a non-woven process and then utilizing their properties for non-woven process and then utilizing their properties for insulation in lofts or wall cavities. The material has very low insulation in lofts or wall cavities. The material has very low embodied energy and the thermal conductivity of flax embodied energy and the thermal conductivity of flax insulation is 0.037 W/mK, making it insulation is 0.037 W/mK, making it ideal for breathable ideal for breathable constructions.constructions.

Straw and Resin PanelsStraw and Resin Panels

Using agricultural waste, such as straw, a binder is Using agricultural waste, such as straw, a binder is applied that is made up of local resins to form insulating applied that is made up of local resins to form insulating panels that can be easily installed under and between panels that can be easily installed under and between existing corrugated metal sheeting – and lightweight existing corrugated metal sheeting – and lightweight corrugated corrugated iron used as roofing.iron used as roofing.

Bamboo ScreensBamboo Screens

The use of bamboo as a building material like sunshades is The use of bamboo as a building material like sunshades is seen in many places.The big value of bamboo screens is seen in many places.The big value of bamboo screens is the fact that it is open to daylight and air. So the gap the fact that it is open to daylight and air. So the gap between screen and window is very well ventilated. The between screen and window is very well ventilated. The rays of sunlight entering through the screens look nice rays of sunlight entering through the screens look nice but don’t result in overheating of the house.but don’t result in overheating of the house.

Fenestration and glazing Fenestration and glazing systemssystems

Fenestration is provided for the purposes of heat gain, daylighting and Fenestration is provided for the purposes of heat gain, daylighting and ventilation. Their pattern and configuration form an important aspect of building ventilation. Their pattern and configuration form an important aspect of building design and its energy requirement. Appropriate design of openings and design and its energy requirement. Appropriate design of openings and shading devices helps to minimize the effects of sun and wind or allow them shading devices helps to minimize the effects of sun and wind or allow them into a building. Ventilation lets fresh air in and hot air out, resulting in cooling.into a building. Ventilation lets fresh air in and hot air out, resulting in cooling.   

Glazing is generally transparent to solar radiation but opaque to long wave Glazing is generally transparent to solar radiation but opaque to long wave radiation. This characteristic can be used to heat a buildings interior by radiation. This characteristic can be used to heat a buildings interior by promoting heat gain. This is desirable in winter, but may cause overheating in promoting heat gain. This is desirable in winter, but may cause overheating in summer. This overheating through large aesthetic-driven areas of exposed summer. This overheating through large aesthetic-driven areas of exposed glass is commonly observed in commercial buildings in India today and in turn glass is commonly observed in commercial buildings in India today and in turn results in excessive loads on air conditioning systems. For reducing solar gain results in excessive loads on air conditioning systems. For reducing solar gain during summer, window size should be kept minimum in the hot and dry during summer, window size should be kept minimum in the hot and dry regions.regions.

For example, in Ahmadabad, the number of uncomfortable hours in a year can For example, in Ahmadabad, the number of uncomfortable hours in a year can be reduced by as much as 35% if glazing is taken as 10% of the floor area be reduced by as much as 35% if glazing is taken as 10% of the floor area instead of, say, 20%.instead of, say, 20%.

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Fig 2.14 Transmission properties of reflecting glass (6mm Fig 2.14 Transmission properties of reflecting glass (6mm thick).thick).

The amount of light entering a building needs to be The amount of light entering a building needs to be effectively controlled to maintain a suitable level of comfort. effectively controlled to maintain a suitable level of comfort. This can be achieved through proprietary systems such as This can be achieved through proprietary systems such as openable shutters and movable covers like curtains or openable shutters and movable covers like curtains or Venetian blinds. Tinted glazing with surface coatings can Venetian blinds. Tinted glazing with surface coatings can also be used to control solar transmission, absorption and also be used to control solar transmission, absorption and reflection. Surface coatings can reduce the transmission of reflection. Surface coatings can reduce the transmission of solar radiation through a piece of 6mm thick absorbing solar radiation through a piece of 6mm thick absorbing glass by about 45%. Reflective glass is usually achieved by glass by about 45%. Reflective glass is usually achieved by a layer of reflective material or a low emittance layer. a layer of reflective material or a low emittance layer. Glazing of these types can reduce heat gain without Glazing of these types can reduce heat gain without obstructing views from the building. They are usually used obstructing views from the building. They are usually used for windows which cannot be shaded externally.  for windows which cannot be shaded externally.  

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Brick Jaali and Hollow Brick Jaali and Hollow bricksbricks

Finishing Finishing materials/paintsmaterials/paints Tire VeneerTire Veneer

In the retreading process, the old tread is removed by In the retreading process, the old tread is removed by grinding and the resulting dust is termed buffings. These grinding and the resulting dust is termed buffings. These buffings are non-laminated polymerically bound black buffings are non-laminated polymerically bound black SBR rubber. Areas of use extend to areas such as sports SBR rubber. Areas of use extend to areas such as sports and recreation, animal housing and high traffic areas and recreation, animal housing and high traffic areas outdoors – and a variety of consumer products, vibration outdoors – and a variety of consumer products, vibration dampeners and furniture surfaces internally.dampeners and furniture surfaces internally.

Eco PaintEco Paint

Ecopaint is a new paint has been developed, to act as a Ecopaint is a new paint has been developed, to act as a sponge for some of the most noxious gases (NOx) sponge for some of the most noxious gases (NOx) released in vehicle exhaust that can lead to respiratory released in vehicle exhaust that can lead to respiratory problems and triggers smog. The paint’s base is problems and triggers smog. The paint’s base is polysiloxane, a silicon-based polymer.Embedded are 30 polysiloxane, a silicon-based polymer.Embedded are 30 nanometre wide spherical nanoparticles of titanium nanometre wide spherical nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate – being so small makes it dioxide and calcium carbonate – being so small makes it possible for the paint to appear clear, with the possibility possible for the paint to appear clear, with the possibility to add pigment for desired effects.to add pigment for desired effects.

DuratDurat

Durat is a solid polyester based material used for customDurat is a solid polyester based material used for custom

made interior surfaces and molds. The content includesmade interior surfaces and molds. The content includes

recycled plastics and is itself 100% recyclable. The productrecycled plastics and is itself 100% recyclable. The product

is very durable, resistant to wear, humidity, chemicals andis very durable, resistant to wear, humidity, chemicals and

can be renewed by slight sanding. The material is can be renewed by slight sanding. The material is manufactured in sheets typically, but can create sink manufactured in sheets typically, but can create sink models and custom made sanitary units.models and custom made sanitary units.

Materials for furnitureMaterials for furniture Coir – CNSL BoardCoir – CNSL Board The Coir-CNSL Board is a wood alternative which The Coir-CNSL Board is a wood alternative which

can be used for surfacing, door and window can be used for surfacing, door and window shutters, partitioning, false ceiling, panelling, shutters, partitioning, false ceiling, panelling, furniture, cabinets, packaging, etc. Both the starting furniture, cabinets, packaging, etc. Both the starting materials i.e. coconut fibre and cashew nut shell materials i.e. coconut fibre and cashew nut shell liquid are available substantially in coastal areas and liquid are available substantially in coastal areas and are renewable agro-wastes. Its 30% cheaper then are renewable agro-wastes. Its 30% cheaper then commercially available alternatives.commercially available alternatives.

Dakota BurlDakota Burl

Dakota Burl composite is a unique bio-based material,Dakota Burl composite is a unique bio-based material,

which exhibits the same aesthetic qualities of traditionalwhich exhibits the same aesthetic qualities of traditional

burled woods. The material is created from an agricultural burled woods. The material is created from an agricultural fiber and sunflower hulls. The material is primarily for fiber and sunflower hulls. The material is primarily for interior use, such as tables and counters, cabinetry, interior use, such as tables and counters, cabinetry, furniture and similar architectural applications.furniture and similar architectural applications.

Palm FiberboardPalm Fiberboard

Palm trees are dense throughout most tropical and Palm trees are dense throughout most tropical and subtropical regions. Stripped palm stalks, palm leaves subtropical regions. Stripped palm stalks, palm leaves and the tree trunk are made waste in vast quantities after and the tree trunk are made waste in vast quantities after harvesting oil takes place. Optimizing various stages of harvesting oil takes place. Optimizing various stages of the process for pulping the fibers they may be made into the process for pulping the fibers they may be made into Fiberboards. They are used in furniture industry.Fiberboards. They are used in furniture industry.