Low Carbon Green Growth Education in Pakistan

8/12/2019 Low Carbon Green Growth Education in Pakistan

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3rdInternational Workshop for EnvironmentalHuman Resources Development

(Hanoi, Vietnam)

2/23/20141

Preparedby

Momeen Khan


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Pakistan Delegation

Mr. Faheem Riaz Khan, DirectorPak Environmental Protection Agency, Pakistan

Mr. Waqar Hussain Abbasi, Deputy Secretary

Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan

Mr. Muhammed Razi, Section Officer


Mr. Momeen khan, Subject Specialist



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A Country Study


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Official name Islamic Republic of PakistanCapital Islamabad

Area (Thousands of km2) 796

Total population 177.10 million

Population growth rate 2.06 %

Life expectancy for males**64 years

Life expectancy for females**66 years

Agriculture Growth 1.2 %

Manufacturing Posted Growth 3.0 %

Total revenues collectedRs 1899.0 billion

* Source: Economic Survey

2010-11.


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Greenhouse gas emission by

sector in Pakistan(Source: www.cdmpakistan.gov.pk)


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Pakistan Status & low carbon

Policies

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

National Environment Policy 2005 - approved

National Energy Conservation Policy 2006approved

National Climate change Policy 2012approved

National Forest Policy (drafted)

Pakistan Energy Conservation Bill 2010Approved

NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emission, 2000


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Pakistan Environment &Climate Change

Cause of current shocking environmental situation in Pakistan

High Population growth rate

Lack of public awareness and education

Mismanagement of water and natural resources

Unplanned urban and industrial expansion


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Pakistans Vulnerability to Climate Change

Increasing Extreme Events experienced over the last two decades:

Sindh 2011,

approximately 5.44 million people affected. The number of deathshas increased to 223, of which 60 are women and 37 are children.To date, 665,821 family homes have been damaged or destroyed.Nearly 297,041 people are currently living in 2,150 relief sites.

Super floodsJuly/August 2010

Over 2000 deaths, 10 million people homeless, $ 10 Billiondamages to infrastructure, farms and houses

Large scale flooding in 1992, 1997, 2003 and 2006;

Historys worst drought during 1999 - 2002;


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Localized Cloud Burst rains and delayed monsoonrains causing urban flooding of Lahore (1996),Islamabad (2001) and in Sindh Province including

Karachi (2009 & 2011); Intense heat waves during 2003, 2005, 2007 and

2010 and 2012 (53.7 0C);

Severe cyclonic storms in 1999, 2007 and 2010.


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The Impacts and Threats


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And this leads to, (cont..)


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Women from Sultan-Abad Mughal village fetch drinking water from a pump surrounded by flood waters in

Dadu district, Sindh province. (Photo by Asad Zaidi UNICEF Pakistan)

Coping with flood waters is part of daily life across southern Pakistan, September 25, 2011. (Photo by theseoduke)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/theseoduke/6182204696/http://www.flickr.com/photos/unicefpakistan/6189025584/http://www.flickr.com/photos/theseoduke/6182204696/http://www.flickr.com/photos/theseoduke/6182204696/http://www.flickr.com/photos/unicefpakistan/6189025584/


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Pakistan Green Sector

Forest cover area 4.224 million hectares (5.2% oftotal land area)

Protected area 9,939,480 hectares (225 protectedsites)

Protected area consist of 14 national parks, 99 wildlife sanctuaries, 96 games reserves and 16

unclassified Flowering plants species ---- a total of 5700 species

are recorded (Pakistan Environment Annual Plan2012-13)


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Energy Sector

Energy sector is the top Green house gases emission sector

Due to poverty 85% rural population using wood biomass for

cooking. 25% of Pakistan total energy consumption comesfrom biomass that contribute to 47% of all GHGs emission ofthe country.


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Pakistan and EnvironmentalChallenges

Environment and Climate Change challenges are as under

Environmental degradation costing Pakistans economy

heavily

Population growth-natural resources and poverty

Water and air pollution

Adoption to the impact of climate change to energy, water andfood security

Preparedness for an effective disaster management so as toavoid damage to environment


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Watershed degradation and deforestation

Waste (solid, liquid hazardous) management

Green economy initiative and its impact on Pakistan

Increase energy efficiency


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Pakistan Initiatives toenvironmental challenges

Steps of Government of Pakistan

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

National Environment Policy 2005 - approved

National Energy Conservation Policy 2006 - approved

National Sanitation Policy 2006 - approved

National Drinking Water Policy 2009approved

National Climate change Policy 2012approved*

National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) Developed

National Forest Policy (drafted)

National Rangeland Policy - Drafted

National Wetlands Policy - Drafted


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Cont

Pakistan Trade Control of Wild Fauna and Flora Act, 2010 (presented inNational Assembly).

Pakistan Energy Conservation Bill 2010Approved in Principle

NEQS for Municipal and Industrial Effluents, 2000

NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emission, 2000

Certification of Environmental Laboratories Regulations, 2000

IEE & EIA Regulations, 2000

Environmental Samples Rules, 2001


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Cont

Self-Monitoring & Reporting by Industry Rules, 2001

Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board (Procedure) Rules, 2001

Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board (Utilization) Rules, 2003

Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005

National Standards for Drinking Water Quality, 2010

NEQS for Ambient Air, 2010

NEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise (Amended), 2010


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National Climate Change policy

The National Climate Change Policy is a fallow upof Planning Commissions Task force on ClimateChange and has been approved by the Federal

Cabinet in March, 2012. the policy mainly addressthe Climate Change impact on food, energy andwater security.

Objectives of the policy

Objective of the policy are to

To pursue the sustainable economic growth byappropriately addressing climate change challenges


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To facilitate and strengthen Pakistan role as a responsiblemember of the international community

To facilitate effective use of financial opportunities available

nationally and internationally

To promote conservation of natural resources and long termsustainability

To ensure Water, food and energy Securities

To minimize the risks arising from floods, droughts and tropicalstorms.

To strengthen inter-ministerial and inter-provincial decision


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Multilateral Environmental

Agreements

In order to address environmental issues of global nature,Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) provide aplatform for strategic cooperative action.

Govt. of Pakistan has ratified 14 MEAs and Ministry ofEnvironment (federal authority) has been declared asDesignated National Authority (DNA) having National FocalPoints (NFPs) for these Conventions/Protocols.


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Conventions/Protocols Ratifiedby the GoP

1. RAMSAR Conventionon Wetlands

2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

3. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

4. Vienna Convention on protection of Ozone Layer

5. Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer Depleting Substances

6. United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change(UNFCCC)

7. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)


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Pakistan Progress 2011-12

More than 200 projects are under implementationboth at Federal and Provincial levels forfacing/combating Climate Change challenges..

Provincial governments have also allocatedsufficient funds for the implementation of forestry,wildlife and fisheries sector project.

The following table illustrates theprograms/projects and funding which were undertaken during the period of 2011-12


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Federal, Provincial and Areas programs 2011-12

Territory Projects (Nos) Allocation (Million)

Federal Government 16 350

Punjab 42 1210

Sindh 30 897

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 59 690

Balochistan 2 20

FATA 38 802

Gilgit Baltistan 8 43

AJ&k 16 279

Total 211 4291


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Eighteen Amendment andProvincial policies and programs

The 18 Amendment has been a turning point in Pakistansenvironmental management history and proved as a source ofpower for provincial governments.

Provincial governments allocated separate funds for thefollowing programs

Carbon Sequestration (Forestry sector)

Wildlife sector

Fisheries sector

Details of these fund and projects are mentioned in the table


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Provincial and Areas Government Finding 2011-12

Province/territory Forest Sector Wildlife sector Fisheries sector

Punjab 470 Million fund 395 Million (12projects)

370 Million (6projects)

Sindh NA NA NA

KhyberPakhtunkhwa




Balochistan 20 Million NA 393Million (9projects)

Azad Jammu &Kashmir


15 Million NA

Gilgit-Baltistan 11Million (4 NA 3 Million


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An action plan for implementation of NationalClimate Change policy is being finalized

A Climate Change Adaption Fund is proposed foropportunities available under environment andclimate change multilateral organizations

Involvement of private sector and NGO for effectiveand efficient conservation and management ofnatural resources


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Conclusions and the WayForward

A climate-smart world is within reach, if we act now, act

together, and act differently from the past what is

required is a paradigm shift to a low carbon (or even

carbon-neutral) development path.

Need to transform the energy sector toward much higher

energy efficiency and more widespread deployment of

low-carbon technologies.

Need to scale-up research and development for newtechnologies in order to leapfrog to the clean energy

revolution.


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Green Economy substitutes clean energy and lowcarbon technologies for fossil fuels addressingclimate change, creating decent jobs and reducing

oil import dependencies.

New/Clean technologies promoting energy andresource efficiency provide growth opportunity innew directions, offsetting brown economy joblosses.

In the age of accelerating climate change, its time torethink and redefine traditional measures of wealth,prosperity and well-being


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Low Carbon Green Growth Education in Pakistan

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