CITYNET, Seoul November 2013

Tony Chan – Associate Director/ Planning Team Leader

yong-wei.chan@arup.com

Low Carbon Cities: From Vision to Reality

Low Carbon Development - China

1985

Urbanization

24% 52%2012

Based on current trends, by 2025:

• Close to One Billion people in urban

centres by 2025.

• More than 221 cities with more than one

million people

• Urbanization rate is 70% by 2050

• The urban economy will generate over

90% of China’s GDP

HSBC, 2011

HSBC, 2011

HSBC, 2011

Energy Consumption % increased between 2000-2010

340% 240%Electricity consumption CO2 Emission* Electricity consumption increased by 135% in 2012 compared to that in

2010

195%Oil consumption

0

5

10

15

20

25

China World OECD members United States Malaysia Korea, Rep. Japan Hong Kong SAR,

China

CO

2 e

mis

sion

s/cap

ita(t

CO

2)

CO2 emitters

2000

2009

Carbon Emission

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank 2010

49%

4%

32%

7%

8%

China

Electricity and heat

production

Other energy industry

own use

Manufacturing industries

and construction

Transport

Other sectors

Per Capita CO2 Emission by Sector in 2010 (IEA, 2010)

Reduce Carbon Intensity by 40-45% by 2020 - compared to 2005 levels (State Council, 2009 – First time having specific carbon emissions target).

12th 5 Year Plan - Reduce Carbon Intensity by 17% by end 2015

Carbon/ energy saving measures & targets

for 10,000 businesses in energy intensive industries.

5 Provinces & 8 cities as low carbon pilots

Forest Coverage target of > 21.66%

China’s Carbon Targets

Renewable EnergyWind Power – 200GW by 2020Solar – 50 GW by 2020Biomass – 15 GW by 2015

Construction of Smart Grid (UHV lines & networks, remote monitoring and EV charging)Automotive

Fuel Efficiency – China V by 2016Electric Vehicles – Target 5m by 2020Subsidies for smaller engines, fuel efficiency and hybrid/ EV

Green Building Movement Plan Developers Incentives – 1% gfa increase for each star in the 3-star green building rating system. Subsidies for communities with at least 30% green buildings.In July, Shanghai government promoted the development of green building in affordable housing projects. 15% of newly built will be designed and constructed according to the requirement of green building.

Other Clean Tech Initiatives

China High Speed Rail (>200km/hr average) – 9,300km (Dec 2012)

Urban Metro Transit Systems – 17 cities (2013)

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Systems – About 30 systems nationally

Alternative Fuel Systems & Energy Efficient Fleet Vehicles

Public Transport Initiatives

Urban Metro (excl Light Rail Systems)

4 lines in 3 cities 55 lines in 17

cities (excl HK)

87 lines in 25

cities1995 2013 2015

Case Studies

Location: Qingdao City, ChinaArea: 28 km²Client: Qingdao West Coast Development Group Co Ltd

Central Business District with Creative Maritime Activities and natural beach environment.

Based on the foundation of the Great Qingdao regional development, research the industry functional orientation of the West Coast Core Area.

Promote the Industrial Upgrading of both Huangdao and JiaonanDistrict based on the current Marine Economy.

Qingdao West Coast CBDConceptual Planning and Urban Design

Urban System Plan National Urban System Plan

Provincial Urban System Plan

Proposed Low Carbon &

Sustainable Zoning Codes

3. Originality

Urban Masterplan City Urban System Plan

City Masterplan

Regulatory Plan

Site Plan

Indicators

Detailed Plan

Green Building

Renewable Energy

Water Resource

Microclimate

Green Infrastructure

1. Land Use

2. Land Area

3. Plot Ratio

4. Building Density

5. Building Height

6. Greening Rate

7. Car Parking

Changxindian Zoning Plan, Beijing

Innovative Zoning Plan

500 hectares site south-west of Beijing city

Innovative approach to incorporate low carbon

& sustainable planning conditions into

statutory zoning plans.

First of its kind in the China urban planning

system and multiple local and international

award winner (ISOCARP 2009-2010)

Stage 1 currently close to completion

50% reduction in

CO2 emission

compared to BAU

Domestic wateruse to be less than

110 litres/ p/d

Reduce domestic

waste generation

to 0.8kg /p/day

100% of residents

within 400m of public

transport stops

At least 15% of

energy supply from

renewable energy

At least 15% of

residential

development for social

housing

co2low Changxing Low Carbon Community

Setting targets

Shanghai World Expo Site –Low Carbon Strategy Plan

Urban Best Practice Area (UBPA) – 0.15km2Shanghai World Expo Site – 5.3km2

0 300 600 1500m

Shanghai EXPO

UBPA

Building

Infrastructure

Transportation

Energy Supply

Energy saving

Energy supply structure

Energy use

Operation energy

cost

Fuel cost

Carbon sink

Energy

consumption

Emission

Green space carbon sink

•Preparing Low Carbon Indicators and Construction Guidelines

•LEED ND (Platinum?) for UBPA site

•Start Up Area – Urban Best Practice Area (UBPA) Site as well as Overall Low Carbon

Strategy for entire Expo site (5km2).

Low carbon park management

• Low carbon plan

• Land development indicator

• Carbon emission monitoring

• Energy management

• Carbon trade

• Educational promotion

Low carbon business

• Business carbon emission report

• Employee low carbon handbook

• Energy saving incentives

Low carbon living

• Residents low carbon

handbook

• Low carbon life style

Operation

managementCommunity planning

• Community services

• Accessible facilities

• Open space

• Public transport

• Public services

Regional energy supply

• Clean energy ratio

Transportation

• Public transport ratio

• Non motorised transport

• Pedestrian paths

Building energy

• New building

• Existing building

• Green building ratio

Renewable energy

• Renewable energy ratio

Low carbon development

• Local policy tackling

climate change

• Local green building

standards

• Total emission

• Emission per unit

area

• Energy

consumption per

building area

Water

• Water saving equipments

• Non-traditional water source

• Rainwater sink and use

• Surface water quality

Green space

• Plant ratio

• Local plant index

Waste reuse

• Living waste collection

• Construction waste recycling

Microclimate

• Heat island

Building material

• Recyclable material ratio

• Reusable material ratio

• Construction material produced

within 500km

4 categories、41 indicators

Local policy Carbon Effect

* Note: indicators assessed in UBPA marked in red

Low Carbon Indicator System

New buildings energy saving rate 60%

Existing buildings energy saving rate 55%

Reused water use ratio 15%

Renewable energy ratio 20%

Rainwater Infiltration and use 85%

Open Space ratio 40%

Green buildings proportion 100%

Buildings

Energy

supply

Water

Green

space

Low Carbon Measures in the UBPA Site

18 buildings (unchanged or modified) within UBPA

14 Low carbon technologies used:

• Solar panel electricity generation

• Solar panel hot water

• Solar panel cooling

• Vertical wind power electricity generation

• Horizontal wind power electricity generation

• Biomass fuel

• Fuel cell electricity generation

• River water-source heat pump

• Building material energy saving

• Building structure energy saving

• Ventilation system energy saving

• LED lighting energy saving

• Rainwater collection and reuse

• Waste recycling

Basic conceptProject Experience—Shanghai UBPA Low-carbon Eco Plan

Incremental CostExtra cost according to regulation

Incremental cost of initial investment

Maintenance cost increase

BenefitsExtra benefit by adopting low carbon technology

Water bill saving

Electricity bill saving

Government expenditure

Government subsidies

Zero Carbon Building,Projects

32

Hong Kong CIC Zero Carbon Architect: Ronald Lu & Partners

• On site zero-carbon

• Passive before active systems

• Nat vent for 34% yr

35

Samsung

Samsung Zero Energy House

• 1st LEED Platinum in East Asia

• 1st Net Zero Energy Consumption

Building in Korea

• Green Design Award 2010 (Residential)

3.4 对中国未来发展生态城的启示

• Scalable

Consider the functional & implementation

scale from masterplans to primary land

development and secondary site

development & building levels.

• Market- driven/ support

Must be resilient and economically

viable with or without government

incentives/ support

• Replicable

Not only meeting local domestic

demand or requirements but

benchmarks well against international

best practices

• Enforceable

Must have clear implementation framework for

the developer & government departments to

successfully implement and enforce the various

sustainable elements of the plan.

Conclusion