Love, Death and Scandal in Bombay - Man's World India

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Search this site... SEARCH PEOPLE VIDEOS MW ON TWITTER The Lunchbox's Ritesh Batra is set to direct an adaptation of The Sense of an Ending goo.gl/bfkmJM pic.twitter.com/Zj1LwqRAno Man's World @mansworldindia Expand Man's World 16h In the late 1950s, Bombay was rocked by the murder of a Sindhi playboy by a handsome and highly decorated Parsi naval commander. Kawas Nanavati shot dead family friend PremAhuja when he learnt of his intimacy with his beautiful English wife, Sylvia. Because of its cosmopolitan dramatis personae and elite social geography involving Malabar Hill and Cuffe Parade, the trial, which came to be known as the Nanavati case and which involved some of the best legal minds of that era, had Bombay hooked. The Nanavati case was also India’s first ‘media trial’ and goaded by a highly charged, often skewed, coverage by the tabloids of the time, the Parsis took to the streets in support of Nanavati. There were also reports of a rift between the influential Parsi and Sindhi communities. It was not just the psyche of the city that it impacted, the trial also hastened the abolishment of the jury system. In many ways, it was a raucous harbinger of things to come. On the 50th anniversary of the Nanavati case, MW walks down fading memory lane. Love, Death And Scandal In Bombay

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    In the late 1950s, Bombay was rocked by the murder of a Sindhi playboy by a handsome and highlydecorated Parsi naval commander. Kawas Nanavati shot dead family friend PremAhuja when he learnt ofhis intimacy with his beautiful English wife, Sylvia. Because of its cosmopolitan dramatis personae andelite social geography involving Malabar Hill and Cuffe Parade, the trial, which came to be known as theNanavati case and which involved some of the best legal minds of that era, had Bombay hooked. TheNanavati case was also Indias first media trial and goaded by a highly charged, often skewed, coverage bythe tabloids of the time, the Parsis took to the streets in support of Nanavati. There were also reports of arift between the influential Parsi and Sindhi communities. It was not just the psyche of the city that itimpacted, the trial also hastened the abolishment of the jury system. In many ways, it was a raucousharbinger of things to come. On the 50th anniversary of the Nanavati case, MW walks down fadingmemory lane.

    Love, Death And Scandal In Bombay

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  • By Murali K Menon Issue October 2009

    On the afternoon of April 27, 1959 Commander Kawas Maneckshaw Nanavati stepped outof his home in Cuffe Parade, Colaba, on a short but tragically momentous journey. Alongwith him in his car were his English wife Sylvia, 30, and two children. An alumnus of theRoyal Navy College in Dartmouth, the handsome, well-built and well-liked ofNicer wassecond in command of the Indian Navys Nlagship INS Mysore. He had seen action onvarious fronts during WW-II, had been awarded many medals for gallantry and was amongthose who were especially recommended by Lord Louis Mountbatten as the Britishmarched out of India. Just 37, Nanavati, who, it would seem, embodied the ideal of anofNicer and a gentleman, had a lot to look forward to. But just before lunch that day, hisworld came crumbling down. Sylvia, whom Nanavati had met in England in 1949, hadconfessed to him that she was in love with another man, a family friend called Prem Ahuja.

    As he drove their car past the Nishing boats at Badhwar Park, through the pong of drying

  • Nish, and along Azad Maidan, Nanavatis demeanour betrayed neither the humiliation northe vengeance-fuelled anger of the cuckold. As was previously decided, he dropped thekids and Sylvia at Metro Cinema for a matinee show of Tom Thumb. He then drove towardsBombay Harbour where his ship was docked, informed the captain that he was leaving byroad for Ahmednagar and requested him for permission to draw a revolver and six rounds.He put the gun into an envelope and pointed his car in the direction of Universal Motors, aWillys Jeep showroom owned by Ahuja, on Peddar Road in south Bombay. But Ahuja hadgone home for lunch and was probably still there. Nanavati got back into his car andheaded towards Ahujas Nlat in Setalvad Lane off Napean Sea Road, near Malabar Hill.

    With wavy hair, thick eyebrows and an evolved sense of the sartorial, Prem BhagwandasAhuja cut an attractive Nigure. Ahuja, 34, was an excellent dancer. He also had a history ofseduction and a penchant for bedding the wives of ofNicers in the Armed Forces. A regularpresence at many of Bombays British-era clubs and Services parties, Ahuja ensnaredmany a forlorn woman with his rakish charm. According to the Blitz, the racy left-leaningtabloid which folded in the mid-1990s, Ahuja was a gay Lothario who loved to graze inother peoples pastures. He had started his career as a philandering playboy rather early inlife. Even in Karachi (the Ahujas migrated to India after Partition and Ahuja stayed with hissister Mamie) he had run away and gone through a form of marriage with her It was alsosaid that Ahuja, the recipient of many epistolary dedications and photographs, never wroteto any of his lovers nor did he ever part with any of his pictures. Ahuja had just Ninishedhaving his bath when Nanavati was let into his third Nloor apartment by the housemaid.Nanavati walked into Ahujas bedroom and closed the door behind him. A little later, threeshots rang out. Ahuja, clad only in a towel, lay slumped on the Nloor. Nanavati walked out ofthe apartment, past the anguished cries of Mamie. He then drove down Malabar Hill, askeda police constable at the gates of Raj Bhavan for directions to the nearest police station andupon being directed, drove to the nearby Gamdevi Police Station to surrender himself.

    Below: The dramatis personae: (top left to right) Commander Kawas Nanavati, the cuckold;Sylvia Nanavati, his beautiful English wife; Prem Ahuja, the playboy paramour; (bottom leftto right) Ram Jethmalani, the lawyer consulted by the prosecution; Reginald Pierce, the onlyjuror who voted against Nanavati

  • The sequence of events triggered by Sylvias confession and which ultimately led to Ahujasdeath birthed an episode that is still unparalleled not just for the tremendous recall it has50 years since, but also because of the seismic impact it had on the psyche of the city andthe legal system. Like similarly eventful and inNluential trials across the world, theNanavati case had many layers. On the one hand, the case, involving as it did adultery onthe part of a rich, beautiful blue-eyed woman from south Bombay and the murder of herplayboy paramour by her dashing husband, was salacious fodder for cocktail gossip, oftenfuelled by speculative reporting by tabloids and newspapers. It stirred emotions, provokedmoral judgments, caused a rift between the Parsi and Sindhi communities and boughtterms such as honour killing back into vogue. And yet, it also acquired the halo of a Greektragedy. Here was Nanavati, an upright, accomplished naval commander undone bybetrayal and an inability to rein in his rage. In public trials held in Bombays raucous chai

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  • shops, genteel bars, and well-appointed homes behind Art Deco facades, Nanavatissupporters, as a counter to those who proclaimed the rule of law above all else, would haveput this question to their opponents across the table: What would you have done if youwere in his shoes?

    For every man who had enormous faith in the codes that govern modern society, therewere others who believed that Nanavati was an honourable murderer. In its two-and-a-half year journey from the Greater Bombay Sessions Court to the High Court and fromthere to the Supreme Court, the dramatis personae ballooned from the original three toinclude other prominent players, including lawyers like Ram Jethmalani, and the shadowypresence of Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Jawaharlal Nehru and V K Krishna Menon. And perhaps,one should also add Russi Karanjia here. The Nlamboyant editor of the weekly Blitz, andfriend to Nehru and Menon, among others, championed the cause of his fellow Parsi,turned the murder trial into a Night between the middle-class values of Nanavati and thebourgeois depravation of Ahuja, and put up an impassioned, though biased, defence of theCommander. Here is P R Lele, Blitzs constitutional expert, in a December 2, 1961 articleheadlined The President must pardon Nanavati: If a member of the Fighting Forcesalways has to entertain the fear that some moneyed and leisured man might be consolinghis wife, in his absence, he will be more worried than if his pay is not sufNicient to meet theregular expenses of his household People want to ask the top authorities to considerwhat will be the moral effect on those whom you invite to join the Defence Forces if andwhen they observe that those in authority take a technical view of the invasion by thewealthy of their unprotected homes.

  • Gyan Prakash, a professor of history at Princeton and the author of the upcoming BombayFables, calls the Nanavati case Indias Nirst media trial, its own OJ case . The lead rolehere must be credited to Russi Karanjia. It was Blitz that turned this case into a trial ofpatriarchy and patriotism, and elicited the people on behalf of Nanavati. In terms ofmedia history, Blitzs role was a pioneering one. In the age before television, it was theclosest one would come to an image-saturated coverage. Blitz, says Prakash, covered thecase with an abundance of photographs and graphic illustrations that imprinted the caseas a picture in peoples minds.

    By the time the trial came to a close in the winter of 1961 Nanavati, who was sentencedto life imprisonment by the Supreme Court, was suddenly granted a special pardon by thegovernment, but more on that later the city was never the same again. Bombay of thelate 1950s-1960s, says Prakash, was the twilight of the late colonial and early post-colonial

  • Mumbai Police Historian Deepak Rao

    city in which the elite south Bombay social ideal still had some resonance. The trial andparticularly its sensational coverage by Karanjia, built on voyeuristic interest, and thesetting up of the people on the street, supposedly concerned over patriarchal andpatriotic honour, against the people that the state represented in the court, was of far-reaching signiNicance. It showed in advance what was to come later the populistmobilisation of the people on the street against the ideals of the liberal democratic orderin which the rational deliberations of law in the court were supreme. The trial was alsothe last case in Bombay to be tried by a jury. The jury system was abolished since it wasbelieved that the members of the jury had been inNluenced by the medias portrayal ofNanavati as a martyr to the cause of honour.

    Mumbai police historian Deepak Rao calls the trialthe most prominent case in the citys history. Rao,56, a tall, lean man with a walrus moustache andinquisitive eyes that leap out from behind his brownspectacles, remembers how, as a child, he wouldlisten to his parents and their friends animatedlydiscuss the minutiae of the case and follow itstwists and turns in the pages of the Blitz andCurrent. The Raman Raghav case was a major onebut this was a potboiler. There were all kinds of

    rumours about why the government was supporting Nanavati, it was said that he was to bethe commander of Indias Nirst nuclear submarine and in possession of naval secrets, saysRao. It was the talk of the town, from race-goers to members of posh clubs to the localpan-wallah, everybody had an opinion on it.

    Like the Raman Raghav case, the Nanavati trial appears to be part of received memory forevery Bombayite, even those from todays generation, passed on father to son orgrandmother to grand-daughter. A Google search throws up, besides several articles on thelegal ramiNications of the case, posts by bloggers revolving around the recollections of theiraged relatives, which elicit comments from readers who quote from inherited memory. Nottoo many know of its exact import, but like a myth the case still shines in the gloaming of areceding collective memory.

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  • On yazadjal.com Ankh, a contributing blogger, writes, in a sidelight to a post on theNanavati case, This case is some kind of a legend in my family. My grandmother, thenworking for Tata Steel, went during her lunch hours to see the trial in action. I used to lovehearing all her stories about the handsome Commander Nanavati. (Methinks she too wassmitten). Fashion photographer Farrokh Chothia is, by his own admission, a Nanavaticase junkie. Hes read up on every available piece of literature on the case on the internet,wants to, when he has more time, access court documents relating to the case andencourages people like this writer to tell the story of the Nanavatis to a new generation ofreaders. To me, Nanavati was this cliched, Elizabethan character suddenly hurled into thisdramatic turmoil and I try and put myself in his place, says Chothia, who, for a whileduring his childhood, used to stay near Setalvad Lane. I suppose my interest in the case isalso because of nostalgia. Bombay, in the 1960s, was a different place, with different valuesystems and maybe, also because Nanavati was, like me, a Parsi.

    Above: The trial inspired several books, Nilms and plays, including Indra Sinhas (right) TheDeath of Mr Love, (left) Ami Natya Velar, a Konkani play

    The case also inspired many interpretations, both literary and celluloid. If R K Nayars YehRaaste Hain Pyaar Ke (1963), with Sunil Dutt playing an Indian Air Force pilot, Leela Naiduas his Paris-born wife and Rehman as her paramour, turned out to be a typically obliqueBollywood attempt at portraying a real-life incident involving adultery, GulzarsAchanak(1973) ended with an open-ended question. Ranjeet Khanna (Vinod Khanna), a muchdecorated major is hunted down by cops for the murder of his wife (Lily Chakraborty) and

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  • Gulzars Achanak starring Vinod Khanna

    her lover. Khanna, who is badly injured during thecourse of the pursuit, is nursed back to health byDr Chaudhary (Om Shivpuri). As Khanna is ledaway to the gallows, the credits roll with DrChaudhary mouthing a rhetorical why? AuthorIndra Sinhas The Death of Mr Love (2002), builtaround the case, introduced a Nictional tale about asecond crime linked to the Nirst that destroys thelife of another of Ahujas lovers, while Nanavatieven makes a cameo as Commander Sabarmati inSalman Rushdies Midnights Children. And until asrecently as 2006, Ami Natya Velar, a Konkanitranslation of a Kannada play written byRamachandra Churya, used to be regularly stagedby theatre troupes in Mangalore. Daya Victor Lobo is among the many directors to havestaged the play. The message he sent through his interpretation of the play? Society isresponsible for the welfare and well-being of the families of ofNicers in the Armed Forces.

    Having outlasted his wife and with his children in the United States, John Lobo, 84, spendshis time listening to the melancholy sighs of the sea from the balcony of his Nlat thatoverlooks a wave-battered promenade in Bandra, Mumbai. In the late 1950s, Lobo, adiminutive matter-of-fact man, served as one of the citys several deputy commissioners ofpolice. He was also the man Nanavati surrendered himself to. Fifty years ago is anotherlifetime for Lobo, but, aided by my photocopy of a chapter of his memoirs, Leaves from aPolicemans Diary, he determinedly pieces together a bygone era, imploring his memory tothrow at him scraps of his own past.

    On the evening of April 27, Nanavati, unfamiliar with the location of the Gamdevi PoliceStation, drove up to the residence of the naval Provost Marshal, a Commander Samuel, andcalled out to him from downstairs. When Nanavati told him of the shooting an alarmedSamuel asked him to head straight to the Commissioners ofNice at Crawford Market andmeet Lobo. At around 5 pm that day Lobo got a call from Samuel, which was followed byanother call from an inspector of the Gamdevi Police Station and so Lobo was alreadyexpecting Nanavati.

    http://www.mansworldindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Vinod-Achanak-007.jpg
  • His was an imposing Nigure and he had the air of a man used to giving orders. I have shota man, he told me, says Lobo. Nanavati turned pale when I told him that the man he hadshot was dead. He then asked for a glass of water. Instead of the police lock-up, whichhoused ordinary felons and criminals, Nanavati was accommodated in one of the ofNice-rooms which was where Sylvia would often meet him. We were witness to some of theirmeetings and there were attempts at reconciliation as well. Nanavati mostly stayed quiet. Iremember Sylvia once telling them to let bygones be bygones. Lobo remembers Sylvia, asa very attractive lady, who used to attend the trial daily.

    As Nanavati adjusted to a new reality, the great wheel of Bombays law and orderapparatus started turning. Lobo got several calls that day from the Navys lawyers askinghim to hand over custody of Nanavati, but he stood his ground (later, though, he wasremanded to naval custody). The crime scene, Ahujas apartment at Jeevan Jyot building,swarmed with police ofNicers and newspaper staffers, as idle crowds milled outside. In hisbook Lobo writes: On the Nloor (of the room) was laying the empty brown envelopebearing the name of Lt.-Commander K M Nanavati. The evil that men do lives after them it leaves footprints on the sands of time. Two spent bullets were recovered but therewas no trace of bullets having ricocheted off the walls. The assailant had surprised hisvictim and done a quick job.

    For the rest of the duration of the trial Lobo met Nanavati just once and that was on theday he testiNied against him in the Sessions Court. He was being led into the courtroomand I told him that I was sorry but I had to testify against him. I think he simply said, Dontworry about me, just go and do your duty. He was a Nine man, who just happened to do thewrong thing.

    The Nanavati trial began in the court of city sessions judge R B Mehta the next month. KarlKhandalavala was the defence lawyer, and assisting him were Rajni Patel, who was to laterbecome a prominent Congress politician, and S R Vakil. The public prosecutor was ChanduTrivedi and Ram Jethmalani was retained by Mamie to assist the prosecution. (Jethmalaniswatching brief meant that while he could advise the prosecution, he could not speak incourt.) The chosen jury was cosmopolitan and comprised two Parsis, one Anglo-Indian,one Christian and Nive Hindus. While Jethmalanis role in the case remained of a

  • Russi Karanjia, editor of Blitz which was Nirmlybehind Nanavati

    consultative nature throughout, he would play a decisive role, both during the trial andafter it. The case also marked a watershed in his professional life. Jethmalani was anupcoming lawyer when he was handed the watching brief, the ensuing two years saw himconsolidate his place in the countrys legal Nirmament.

    A remote relative of Ahuja, Jethmalani says he met him at a party about a week or twobefore he was murdered. I dont think he just slept with the wives of senior naval ofNicers,he must have also bedded the wives of the Army and the Air Force chiefs, says the formerUnion law minister who, at 86, views the case with detachment and often, mildamusement.

    Since Nanavati had already confessed, the trial hinged on one crucial point: on whether itwas a case of murder under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code or culpable homicide notamounting to murder. The former would invite a life imprisonment or death sentence,while in the case of the latter, there was a maximum punishment of ten yearsimprisonment. If the defence lawyer could convince the jury that his client had actedunder a grave and sudden provocation, Nanavati could get away with a lighter term oreven get off scot-free.

    With the newspapers, especially the Blitz, whippingup emotions, support for Nanavati was strong,particularly and naturally among the Parsis, andyoung women. In his book Lobo writes: Not onlydid they overNlow the restricted accommodationavailable in the courtroom but large numbers,particularly of the fair sex, lined the route aroundFlora Fountain as the van carrying the prisonerdrove up to the court. Understandably, theirsympathies were with the unfortunate naval ofNicer.Flower petals and currency notes were thrown by

    his admirers. There were reports in the Blitz of lipstick-smeared 100-rupee notes Nloatinggently down on Nanavati every time he left the Sessions Court and about how he receivedmarriage proposals from infatuated women, who hoped for a ruling in his favour, a divorce

    http://www.mansworldindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Russi-Karanjia-Credit-Mukesh-Parpiani-NCPA4-col.jpg
  • from Sylvia and marriage with him thereafter. Later on during the trial, when Sri Prakasa,the then governor of Bombay, decreed that Nanavati should be put under naval custodyand his life sentence suspended, the powerful Parsi community closed ranks and over8,000 people gathered at the Cowasji Jehangir Hall in south Mumbai, as a show of support.

    On the Nirst day of the trial, Trivedi, who also happened to be Jethmalanis friend, bungled.He horriNied Jethmalani by delivering a totally different opening speech than the oneprepared for him by the latter. His remarks, recalls Jethmalani, made it look as if he werearguing on behalf of the defence. At the end of the day I told him, Chandubhai, Im notcoming to court again, says Jethmalani, who ultimately gave in to Trivedis whinypersistence and assumed charge once again. (Apparently, Trivedi acted as he did becausehe had been assured Nanavati would plead guilty and that getting a conviction would beeasy.) After Trivedi presented his witnesses, including forensic experts, the defence openedtheir counter with Nanavati himself occupying the witness box. Dressed in full navalregalia, Nanavati told the judge that his gun had accidentally gone off during a scufNle withAhuja and that if he had really intended to kill his adversary, it would have taken him justone bullet and not three. He was followed by the eminent surgeon Dr A V Baliga, whoseturgid proclamations were intended to establish a case of accidental Niring and rubbish theevidence presented by forensic experts. Baliga, though, later wilted under Trivedisrelentless cross-examination, which was orchestrated by Jethmalani. As the trial neared toa close the prosecution, with its contention that the offence was premeditated, appeared tohave the upper hand there was a gap of three hours between Sylvias confession andAhujas murder.

    On the Ninal day, judge Mehta discussed the evidence with the jurors and waited for themto reach a conclusion. The jurys verdict was not guilty, by a majority of eight. Only oneperson dissented. Jubilation surged through most of those present in the courtroom andthe crowd gathered outside. The case would have been considered closed had it not beenfor the courageous judge Mehta. After the exultations of triumph from Nanavatissupporters had abated, Mehta announced that he did not accept the jurys verdict anddeemed it perverse. He referred the case to the Bombay High Court, where after reviewingthe evidence, the judges upheld the verdict of the Sessions Court. Nanavati, who wassentenced to life imprisonment on March 11, 1960, then appealed to the Supreme Court.But, and we bypass a sea of legalese here, Jethmalanis and Trivedis ship of reason sailed

  • Vijayalakshmi Pandit, then governor of Bombay,who pardoned Nanavati

    through. The SC dismissed the appeal and conNirmed the sentence of life imprisonment inNovember 1961. Karanjia went into overdrive and Nired one volley after another, includingprinting a mercy petition in the December 2 edition of his paper. As things stood, Nanavatiwas heading towards a life behind bars, but unbeknownst to him, a twist in the story wasbeing given shape. It was a development that would see Jethmalani using his persuasivepowers yet again, this time to free Nanavati.

    The destinies of men often intertwine in thestrangest of ways. As Nanavati languished in prison,Vijayalakshmi Pandit, who became governor ofBombay in 1962, received a mercy petition Niled by aSindhi leader, Bhai Pratap, in March that year.Pratap, whose businesses included the import ofsports goods, had been imprisoned for the misuse ofthe goods. It was an absolutely fake case, claimsJethmalani, and the two bureaucrats (B BPaymaster and R L Dalal) scrutinising the case foundBhai Pratap to be innocent. Jethmalani says that theplan that was to unfold in the next few days couldpossibly have been Paymasters, on account of his being a Parsi. What the government, stillunder pressure from various quarters to release Nanavati, wanted to do was simple:pardon Nanavati, and then, to appease the Sindhi community, pardon BhaiPratap as well.

    Towards the end of March, on a typically muggy Bombay evening, Jethmalani opened thedoor of his Panchshila apartment in Cuffe Parade to unexpected visitors. Among them wasRajni Patel, the defence lawyer in the case, and Sylvia (She was a looker!). Patel told methat the government wanted to pardon both Bhai Pratap and Nanavati. All I had to do wasconvince Ahujas sister Mamie. It was political expediency at its best, but Jethmalani didhis bit. He convinced Mamie. Both the accused were pardoned soon after.

    As always there are stories within stories. In the case of the Nanavati trial, one amongthem is that of Reginald Pierce and it is a story that has seldom been told. Pierce was theodd one out among the members of the jury that found Nanavati innocent, the only one

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  • Domestic GoddessSushil Kumar

    who remained impervious to the blinding power of emotion and said, plainly, that He didit. I met him last month at his home in Bandra, Mumbai. Pierce is 102, but is probably theNittest member in his family. He has a head full of noble, silver hair, still goes for his eveningwalks around his Mount Mary neighbourhood and was impeccably dressed for a dinner hehad to attend. The secret of his longevity, says his son-in-law Alex, could be that he neverlies. Pierce was selected as a jury member after he responded to an advertisement in TheTimes of India and he still recalls the ferocious attitude of his counterparts. They had nohonour, he says. They were tremendously against me and berated me relentlessly after Ihad made my stand clear. If the crowds outside had known who the lone dissenter was,they would have lynched me. But I saw the evidence and it was apparent that he killedhim. Then, he asks me about the whereabouts of the Nanavati family. I tell him of thefamilys migration to Canada and of Nanavatis death in 2003. He was a Nine fellow, veryintelligent. I knew I was condemning him but rightfully. I think he was an honourablemurderer, but a murderer all the same.

    A month or so after he was pardoned Nanavati left along with Sylvia and their children forCanada. They never returned to Bombay again nor have they, as far as I know, spokenabout that tumultuous episode in their lives to anyone. The Nanavati trial, though, keepssurfacing in the Indian media every decade or so, as it does now, on its 50th anniversary.But I often wonder what Sylvia, now a sweet, portly granny, would have to say if she everchooses to speak about the case. We will never know, but I suspect that deep down shesees what a lot of us never have. That, in spite of love, betrayal and death, the noise and thefury, and all those mighty men the trial involved, it was also, perhaps, a story of lettingbygones be bygones.

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