MUSÉE DU LOUVRELOUVRE MUSEUM

Nicky Rayvaldy Ginting 21020114120014

Raynaldo Reva Al Irsyad 21020114120029

Aprilea S. Ariadi 21020114120048

Dea Shamara S. 21020114120071

JURUSAN ARSITEKTURFAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO2015

The Louvre or the Louvre Museum  is one of the world's largest museums and a

historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on

the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (ward). Nearly 35,000 objects

from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square

metres (652,300 square feet). The Louvre is the world's most visited museum,

receiving more than 9.7 million visitors in 2012.

Picture 1.1 Musée du Louvre’s location within Paris

The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late

12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of

the museum. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre

Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving

the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a

collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied

by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Académie Royale de

Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The

Académie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution,

the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to

display the nation's masterpieces.

The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the

majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. Because of

structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The

collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum renamed the Musée

Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication many works seized by his armies were

returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the

reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the

museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and

bequests since the Third Republic. The collection is divided among eight curatorial

departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan,

and Roman Antiquities;Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and

Drawings.

Louvre Palace

The Louvre Palace (French: Palais du Louvre, IPA: [palɛ dy luvʁ]) is a former royal

palace located on the Right Bankof the Seine in Paris, between the Tuileries

Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois. Its origins date back to the

medieval period, and its present structure has evolved in stages since the 16th

century. It was the actual seat of power in France until Louis XIV moved

to Versailles in 1682, bringing the government with him. The Louvre remained the

nominal, or formal, seat of government until the end of the Ancien Régime in 1789.

Since then it has housed the celebrated Musée du Louvre as well as various

government departments.

The present-day Louvre Palace is a vast complex of wings and pavilions on four

main levels which, although it looks to be unified, is the result of many phases of

building, modification, destruction and restoration. The Palace is situated in the right-

bank of the River Seine between Rue de Rivoli to the north and the Quai François

Mitterrand to the south. To the west is theJardin des Tuileries and, to the east,

the Rue de l'Amiral de Coligny (its most architecturally famous façade, created

byClaude Perrault) and the Place du Louvre. The complex occupies about

40 hectares and forms two main quadrilaterals which enclose two large courtyards:

the Cour Carrée("Square Courtyard"), completed under Napoleon I, and the

larger Cour Napoléon ("Napoleon Courtyard") with theCour du Carrousel to its west,

built under Napoleon III. The Cour Napoléon and Cour du Carrousel are separated

by the street known as the Place du Carrousel.

The Louvre complex may be divided into the "Old Louvre": the medieval and

Renaissance pavilions and wings surrounding the Cour Carrée, as well as

the Grande Galerie extending west along the bank of the Seine; and the "New

Louvre": those 19th-century pavilions and wings extending along the north and south

sides of the Cour Napoléon along with their extensions to the west (north and south

of the Cour du Carrousel) which were originally part of the Palais des

Tuileries (Tuileries Palace), burned during the Paris Commune in 1871.

Some 51,615 sq m (555,000 sq ft) in the palace complex are devoted to public

exhibition floor space.

The Old Louvre occupies the site of the 12th-century fortress of King Philip Augustus,

also called the Louvre. Its foundations are viewable in the basement level as the

"Medieval Louvre" department. This structure was razed in 1546 by King Francis I in

favour of a larger royal residence which was added to by almost every subsequent

French monarch. King Louis XIV, who resided at the Louvre until his departure for

Versailles in 1678, completed the Cour Carrée, which was closed off on the city side

by a colonnade. The Old Louvre is a quadrilateral approximately 160 m (520 ft) on a

side consisting of 8 ailes (wings) which are articulated by 8 pavillons (pavilions).

Starting at the northwest corner and moving clockwise, the pavillons consist of the

following: Pavillon de Beauvais, Pavillon de Marengo, Northeast Pavilion, Central

Pavilion, Southeast Pavilion, Pavillon des Arts, Pavillon du Roi, and Pavillon

Sully (formerly, Pavillon de l'Horloge). Between the Pavillon du Roi and the Pavillon

Sully is the Aile Lescot ("Lescot Wing"): built between 1546 and 1551, it is the oldest

part of the visible external elevations and was important in setting the mould for later

French architectural classicism. Between the Pavillon Sully and the Pavillon de

Beauvais is the Aile Lemercier ("Lemercier Wing"): built in 1639 by Louis

XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, it is a symmetrical extension of Lescot's wing in the same

Renaissance style. With it, the last external vestiges of the medieval Louvre were

demolished.

Louvre Pyramid

The New Louvre is the name often given to the wings and pavilions extending the

Palace for about 500 m (1,600 ft) westwards on the north (Napoleon I and Napoleon

III following the quarter-mile-long Henry IVSeine Riverside Grande Galerie) and on

the south (Napoléon III) sides of the Cour Napoléon and Cour du Carrousel. It was

Napoléon III who finally connected the Tuileries Palace with the Louvre in the 1850s,

thus finally achieving the Grand Dessein ("Great Design") originally envisaged by

King Henry IV of France in the 16th century. This consummation only lasted a few

years, however, as the Tuileries was burned in 1871 and finally razed in 1883.

The northern limb of the new Louvre consists (from east to west) of three great

pavilions along the Rue de Rivoli: the Pavillon de la Bibliothèque, Pavillon de

Rohan and Pavillon de Marsan. On the inside (court side) of the Pavillon de la

Bibliothèque are three pavilions; Pavillon Colbert, Pavillon Richelieu and Pavillon

Turgot; these pavilions and their wings define three subsidiary Courts, from east to

west: Cour Khorsabad, Cour Puget and Cour Marly.

Inside the Pyramid: the view of the Louvre Museum in Paris from the underground

lobby of the Pyramid.

The southern limb of the New Louvre consists (from east to west) of five great

pavilions along the Quai François Mitterrand (and Seine bank): the Pavillon de la

Lesdiguieres, Pavillon des Sessions, Pavillon de la Tremoille, Pavillon des

États and Pavillon de Flore. As on the north side, three inside (court side) pavilions

(Pavillon Daru, Pavillon Denon and Pavillon Mollien) and their wings define three

more subsidiary Courts: Cour du Sphinx, Cour Viconti andCour Lefuel.

For simplicity, on museum tourist maps, the New Louvre north limb, the New Louvre

south limb, and the Old Louvre are designated as the "Richelieu Wing", the "Denon

Wing" and the "Sully Wing", respectively. This allows the casual visitor to avoid (to

some extent) becoming totally mystified at the bewildering array of named wings and

pavilions.

The Pavillon de Flore and the Pavillon de Marsan, at the westernmost extremity of

the Palace (south and north limbs, respectively), were destroyed when the Third

Republic razed the ruined Tuileries, but were subsequently restored beginning in

1874. The Flore then served as the model for the renovation of the Marsan by

architect Gaston Redon.

A vast underground complex of offices, shops, exhibition spaces, storage areas, and

parking areas, as well as an auditorium, a tourist bus depot, and a cafeteria, was

constructed underneath the Louvre's central courtyards of theCour Napoléon and

the Cour du Carrousel for François Mitterrand's "Grand Louvre" Project (1981–2002).

The ground-level entrance to this complex was situated in the centre of the Cour

Napoléon and is crowned by the prominent steel-and-glass pyramid (1989) designed

by the Chinese American architect I.M. Pei.