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Agenda- next 50 minutes

• Quick snapshot of wireless in enterprise space- and where we are going…

• Technologies/ terms explored:– WIFI Bluetooth– ZigBee licensed spectrum (cell)– Wireless HART5G– public safety other

• Drivers for tomorrow: IoT and other

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What I WON’T say today

• “insatiable demand for bandwidth” OR• “ubiquitous wireless”OR• “continued massive growth in the number of devices all connected by parallel…”

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Phone Ready

Emergency Services

Tow Truck123 N 4th St

Phone in Use847-476-3746

Internet Portal returns a list of available emergency services

User wishes to access emergency services that a third party has

created

User wants a tow truck emergency service

Internet Portal returns a list of the closest gas stations with tow trucks

Internet Portal to Set Preferences

User hits send and the phone dials the tow truck driver

Emergency Forward

Tow TruckFirePolice

Send Cancel

Predicting the future- in 2000

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Reference sources• IEEE• BICSI• 4G Americas• Rysavy Research• IEC• Cisco• Motorola• Ericcson • Wi-Fi Alliance• RCR Wireless

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What I will focus on in the next 49 min.…

• What I care about as designer/ engineer• What I care about as an installer• What I care about as I give advice• What is truth versus hype• What is the real world BICSI environment (mainly buildings)

What are the facts?

• 90% of the world’s population over age 6 will have mobile by 2020 (7.2 of 8 billion people)

• It takes, on average, 13 years to reallocate and deploy spectrum for wireless systems

• Global mobile data growing by 61% CAGR per year• Estimates of IoT (internet of things) speak to 50 billion

connected devices by 2020• (most) people work and live in buildings

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Some terms we will discuss…

• Beamforming• The tactile internet• Sleep deprivation attack• Ambient energy harvesting• Multipath propagation• Implantable devices

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What we need to consider for ‘wireless’

• How far does it go (range)?• How well does it transmit (propagation characteristics)?• How much data?• How much power does it consume?• Unlicensed or licensed spectrum?

sender

transmission

distancedetection

interference

Signal propagation ranges

• Transmission range• communication possible• low error rate

• Detection range• detection of the signal possible• no communication possible

• Interference range• signal may not be detected• signal adds to the background noise

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Free space path loss: exponent of 2Terrestrial path loss: exponent of 3+Even with exponent of 2:• Wi-Fi. 100m to 200m: signal at 25% strength• Cell. 1.0km to 1.1 km: signal at 83% strengthDifficult to propagate short range network (Wi-Fi) signal)

Wi-Fi

Cellular

Distance

Range and Loss

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��

refractionshadowing reflection scattering diffraction

Signal Propagation

• Propagation in free space always like light (straight line)• Receiving power additionally influenced by:

– fading (frequency dependent)– Shadowing– reflection at large obstacles– refraction depending on the density of a medium – scattering at small obstacles– diffraction at edges

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multipathpulsesLOS pulses

signal at sendersignal at receiver

Multipath Propagation

• Signal can take many different paths between sender and receiver due to reflection, scattering, and diffraction

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Latency

• Defined as the round-trip time it takes data to traverse the network– Latency is 25-30 msec for 3G– Latency is 15-20 msec for 4G– The goal for 5G is less than 1 msec

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The tactile internet

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What we need to consider for ‘wireless’

• What are the devices to be supported?• What spectrum might now be available?

Internet of Things (IoT)Things

212 BILLION “THINGS” IN 2020

$8.9 TRILLION GLOBAL REVENUES

BY 2020

26 BILLION “UNITS” BY 2020

$300 BILLION SERVICES REVENUES

IN 2020

$1.9 TRILLION GLOBAL ECONOMIC

VALUE IN 2020

18 BILLION M2M “CONNECTIONS”

BY 2022

OF WHICH 2.6 BILLION

ARE CELLULAR

$1.2 TRILLION GLOBAL OPPORTUNIY

BY 2022

Source: IDC, October 2013 Source: Gartner, March 2014 Source: Machina Resea

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Any App

Any Network

Data, Security, AAA, Mgmt …

IP

Application & Analytics

Management, Security

Any Device Fixed 2G/3G/4G GW

SCADA

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Devices for IoT

Miniaturization of sensing element, power supply, and circuitry leads to very small, self-contained devices

(Ambient energy harvesting)

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What are best wireless networks for the IoT?

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1- IEEE 802.15.4 (LR-WPAN)

• PAN- personal area networks – ZigBee– Zwave– Wireless HART – WiSUN

• Low power, low speed, low cost

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ZigBee

• Short distances (10-100 meters), low power

• Suitable for devices like power meter, light switch- low data, lower cost and complexity than other technologies

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2- Bluetooth

• Ericcson, 1994• 2400 to 2483 MHz• Short range, low power• Packet based, and master-slave structure• Familiar and reliable

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4.2 (low energy)

• From 100 meters to 50 meters• From 1-3 meg to 1 meg• App throughput from 2 meg to .27 Mbit/s• From 56-bit to 128-bit AES encryption

(Sleep deprivation attack)• From 100 msec latency to 6 msec• One-half to one-tenth the power

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Implications for buildings (low)

• These do not relay on infrastructure- instead, device to device communication

• Be aware of the problems they solve for clients

• Be aware of their limitations

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3- Wi-Fi

• ALOHA Net: 1971 (UHF)

• WaveLAN: 1991, joint effort IBM+NCR, for cash registers

• 802.11 protocol: 1997, 2 meg

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• 802.11n: 2009, intro of MIMO, 2.5/ 5 GHz

• 802.11ac: 2013, 5 GHz, more channels, 500 meg

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MIMO

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• From 4 billion today to 7 billion by 2018• One hot spot for every 20 people• From secondary to primary for enterprise office

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• Wi Fi Calling• Wi Fi in M2M • Wi Fi over Power (WiPO)

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• 802.11ad– 57-64 GHz (V band) – 1-7 Gbps (‘fiber like’)– 10-20 meter range – Beamforming

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Beamforming?

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Beamforming, or spatial filtering

• Technique used for directional signal transmission• Combination of elements in a phased array in such a way

that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference and others experience destructive interference

• Can be at both transmit and receive• Used to improve gain over omnidirectional

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Implications for buildings (high)

• ISO/IEC TR-24704– Honeycomb grid, each cell

covers 12M radius

• TIA TSB-162-A– Square grid, each square 18

meters wide

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Implications for buildings (high)

• Most recommend Cat-6A (multiple drops per WAP) for Wi Fi today

• More WAPs and closer to the user mean more infrastructure, more space, more pathway

• Are clients reducing category drops in office and giving them to Wi Fi?

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Spectrum licensed for public use

What will 5G look like?

• A cellular system that supports:– 1000 times higher mobile volume per area– 10 to 100 times the number of connected devices– 10 to 100 times higher typical user data rate– 10 times longer battery life– 5 times reduced end-to-end latency

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What is the migration path to 5G?

GSM – Global System for Mobile Comm

iDen – Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access

2GGPRS – General Packet Radio Services

EDGE – Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

2.5GUMTS – Universal Mobile Telecom System

HSPA+ – High Speed Packet Access

EvDO – Evolution Data Optimized

WCDMA – Wideband CDMA

3GeUTRA – Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

WiMax – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

LTE – Long Term Evolution

4G

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LTE- long term evolution

2 x 2 MIMO 70 Mbits/ 20 Mbits10+ 10 MHz

4 x 4 MIMO 300 Mbits/ 70 Mbits20 + 20 MHz

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Existing Cell BandsLTE for extended period

Eventually 5G radio

3 GHz 10 GHz New 5G BandsWide radion bands5G radio methods

300 GHz

Core 5G Network integratesExisting LTE in Cell Bands with5G Radio in New Bands

Courtesy Rysavy Research 45

Where are characteristics of 5G?

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Millimeter wave technology

• 60 GHz and 70/80 GHz• Beamforming• Subject to rain fade (also foliage, atmosphere)• High data rate (Gbps or ‘fiber like’ speeds)• Short range

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FCC direction on 5G in US

• “…we have decided on proposing the following ranges to be studied”

• 27.5to 29.5 GHz• 37.4to 40.5 GHz• 47.2to 50.2 GHz• 50.4to 52.6 GHz• 59.3to 71.0 GHz

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Massive MIMO

• More antennas- up to hundreds of antennas at base station

• Samsung test phone with 32 low-profile antenna elements

• Possibly 5x the spectral efficiency

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What other wireless needs do we have in buildings?

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Public Safety

• New building codes (IBC) that mandate in-building wireless coverage for first responders drive DAS in most significant buildings

• Building designers must design, or at least accommodate, these systems

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City of Marlborough - FIRE DEPARTMENT215 MAPLE STREET, MARLBOROUGH MASSACHUSETTS

• Research and investigations into Line of Duty Deaths (LODDs) and injuries to Fire, Police and EMS personnel show that the loss of reliable communications inside of such buildings is a contributing factor in death and injuries to emergency personnel.

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What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?

• New, national public safety 700/800 MHz network ($7 billion)

• “…the law gives FirstNet the mission to build, operate and maintain the first high-speed, nationwide wireless broadband network dedicated to public safety. FirstNet will provide a single interoperable platform for emergency and daily public safety communications.”

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What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?

“Get a shared operational view of an incident with high quality, streaming video, hardware-accelerated graphics and ultra-bright display that you can view in direct sunlight” (Motorola Solutions)

FUTURE enhancements:• Multi-media• Location data• Mobile video• Content acceleration and

management

Implications for buildings (high)

• Structured Cabling Infrastructure Standard to support Distributed Antenna Systems, draft document:

• BICSI document D012

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Implications for buildings (high)

• People want to use their 5G device in the building where they work

• Building code mandates wireless coverage for public safety• We continue to be very aggressive with building energy

policy (block RF)• We are moving from 50 ohm coax to Cat-6A as transport for

in-building cell wireless (not public safety)• BTW!! Someone needs to design, engineer and install these

technologies

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Summary

• The electromagnetic spectrum should be your friend• Take ownership in education and professional development• Find the opportunity/ find your niche

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Thank you

info@dassimplified.com