LOOK 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound: Properties and Functions Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Transcript of LOOK 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound: Properties and Functions Theatre Arts 1(T)
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LOOK
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04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
Sound: Properties and Functions
Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Introduction to Sound
Acoustics the study of sound; the science
that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound
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Sound is a vibration of a medium
Medium – a material that transmits energySpeed of sound – varies depending on pressure, temperature 1129 ft/sec, 770 mi/hr in air, 4708 ft/sec, 3210 mi/hr in water 3.17 mi/sec in steel
What we hear is based on perceived vibrations
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Sound travels in waves
A transference of energy
Energy transfers via rapid changes in the density of a medium
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are measureable
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Wavelength (λ)
the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern;
measured from one crest to the next repeated crest, or one trough to the next repeated trough
λ of a 10,000Hz sound –> 1.35 inchesλ of a 188Hz sound –> 6 feet
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Amplitude (A)
The distance of the crest or trough from neutral
Amplitude in sound waves is representative of intensity, or loudness
Loudness is measured in decibels (dB)<85 dB is considered harmful<95 dB (About what an iPod will put out)
can cause permanent damage if exposed for prolonged periods
<125 dB (Jet engine) can cause instant hearing damage
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Frequency (f)
The number of occurrences of a repeated event per unit of time; pitch
Generally measured in occurrences per second, or Hertz (Hz)
Human hearing is said to be “20 to 20,” or from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (or 20kHz)
Actually more like 22 Hz to 18kHz, and
continues to decrease with age
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Frequencies (Do you hear what I hear?)
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440 Hz 1000 Hz 1500 Hz 2 kHz 4 kHz 8 kHz 14 kHz
15 kHz 16 kHz 17 kHz 18 kHz 19 kHz 19.5 kHz
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Adding two different frequencies results in a different frequency, reinforced in some places & cancelled in others
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Adding two identical frequencies in the same phase reinforces the soundAdding two identical frequencies 180° out of phase cancels out the sound
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Few sounds are pure tones; most sounds are made up of a combination of frequencies and amplitudes
Timbre - /tam’-bər/ a quality given to a sound by its overtones (harmonics)
Harmonic – a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental
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LOOK
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Perception of Sound
Loudness – Distance decreases the loudness of a sound; air absorbs higher frequencies
Hearing– humans hear 2,000 - 4000 Hz best, so this range is perceived louder than others
Masking – one sound obscured by others; lower usually masks higher
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Functions of Sound in Theatre Sound Effects – (FX) used to illustrate
ideas in a play or establish ambience, i.e. radios, explosions, trees rustling in the wind, crickets at night, sounds of machinery in a manufacturing plant
Underscoring – music used to establish or reinforce mood
Live Reinforcement – microphones used to boost the loudness of existing sound(s)
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The Path of Sound Source – can be live or pre-recorded
Microphones, pick-ups, synthesizers Or CD, tape, MD, mp3 or other computer file
type, record, etc. Amplifier – adds power to source signal,
boosts mic, instrument, or line level to speaker level
Processor- can effect signals with effects or enhancements
Output – either speaker or recording device
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Input sources:
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
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Input sources: -Microphones
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
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Input sources: -Microphones
-Synthesizer
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
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Input sources: -Microphones
-Synthesizer
-Computer
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
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Input sources: -Microphones
-Synthesizer
-Computer
-CD
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Signal Processing:
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Signal Processing:-Equalizer
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Signal Processing:-Equalizer-Effects Processor
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Signal Processing:-Equalizer-Effects Processor-Compressor
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Signal Processing:-Equalizer-Effects Processor-Compressor-Delay
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Signal Processing:-Equalizer-Effects Processor-Compressor-Delay-Crossover
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
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Output Sources:
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Output Sources:-Amplifier
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)
![Page 45: LOOK 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound: Properties and Functions Theatre Arts 1(T)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062716/56649dc85503460f94abd5a7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Output Sources:-Amplifier-Loud Speakers
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Patch Panel
Synthesizer Computer CD
Crossover
Delay
Compressor
Effects Processor
Equalizer
Mixing Console
Amplifier
Amplifier
Microphone
04/19/23 Theatre Arts 1(T)