LLLLOOOONNNNGGGGCCCCHHHHEEEENNNN NNNNYYYYIIIINNNNGGGGTTTTIIIIKKKK PPPPRRRRAAAACCCCTTTTIIIICCCCEEEE MMMMAAAANNNNUUUUAAAALLLL

AAAADDDDVVVVIIIICCCCEEEE OOOONNNN HHHHOOOOWWWW TTTTOOOO PPPPRRRRAAAACCCCTTTTIIIICCCCEEEE

by Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse RinpocheBased on Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s

Short Preliminary Practice

Edited by Chanel Grubner

© 2004 by Khyentse Foundation

All rights reserved. Distribution of this text is restricted to those who have been formally authorised to practice Longchen Nyingtik ngöndro and who have received transmission to do the practice. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the

Khyentse Foundation. This text is to be made available free of charge.

AAAACKCKCKCKNOWLEDGEMENTNOWLEDGEMENTNOWLEDGEMENTNOWLEDGEMENT

This Longchenpa Nyingtik Practice Manual is the second publication to be produced by Khyentse Foundation. The first was Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche’s Commentary on Chandrakirti’s Madhyamakavatara published in 2003.

Khyentse Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche in November 2001. Its core purpose is to establish a system of patronage that supports individuals and institutions engaged in the study and practice of the Buddha’s vision of wisdom and compassion.

Publication of precious texts such as these providing study material to assist dharma students around the world at low or no cost plays a primary part in fulfilling that purpose. As funds become available, the Foundation aims to sponsor the restoration of the Khyentse Library in Dzongsar Institute in Tibet, which was severely destroyed during the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the 60s. and to translate the teachings of four great masters Longchenpa, Jigme Lingpa, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö.

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Table Of ContentsTable Of ContentsTable Of ContentsTable Of Contents

AAAACKNOWLEDGEMENTCKNOWLEDGEMENTCKNOWLEDGEMENTCKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... IIIIIIIIFFFFOREWORDOREWORDOREWORDOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5555IIIINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6666

SSSSOME OME OME OME CCCCRUCIAL RUCIAL RUCIAL RUCIAL AAAASPECTS TO SPECTS TO SPECTS TO SPECTS TO BBBBEGIN THE EGIN THE EGIN THE EGIN THE NNNNGGGGÖÖÖÖNDRONDRONDRONDRO.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7777The Structure of the NgöndroThe Structure of the NgöndroThe Structure of the NgöndroThe Structure of the Ngöndro........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8888Distinguishing the Theory from Distinguishing the Theory from Distinguishing the Theory from Distinguishing the Theory from the the the the Pith InstructionsPith InstructionsPith InstructionsPith Instructions ............................................................................................................................................................ 9999Three Pith Instructions to Start the NgöndroThree Pith Instructions to Start the NgöndroThree Pith Instructions to Start the NgöndroThree Pith Instructions to Start the Ngöndro ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10101010The Theory of VisualisationThe Theory of VisualisationThe Theory of VisualisationThe Theory of Visualisation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12121212The Three Wholesomeness’sThe Three Wholesomeness’sThe Three Wholesomeness’sThe Three Wholesomeness’s ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13131313

TTTTHE HE HE HE SSSSPECIAL PECIAL PECIAL PECIAL PPPPRELIMINARIESRELIMINARIESRELIMINARIESRELIMINARIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................15151515

RRRREFUGEEFUGEEFUGEEFUGE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17171717Differing Levels of FearDiffering Levels of FearDiffering Levels of FearDiffering Levels of Fear....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17171717Without Knowing the Essential Theory, Refuge Is TheisticWithout Knowing the Essential Theory, Refuge Is TheisticWithout Knowing the Essential Theory, Refuge Is TheisticWithout Knowing the Essential Theory, Refuge Is Theistic........................................................................................................................18181818Knowing the Dirt Is WashableKnowing the Dirt Is WashableKnowing the Dirt Is WashableKnowing the Dirt Is Washable ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18181818Separating the Pith Instructions from the TheorySeparating the Pith Instructions from the TheorySeparating the Pith Instructions from the TheorySeparating the Pith Instructions from the Theory................................................................................................................................................................................19191919The Theory of Why the Guru Is So ImportantThe Theory of Why the Guru Is So ImportantThe Theory of Why the Guru Is So ImportantThe Theory of Why the Guru Is So Important........................................................................................................................................................................................................19191919Instructions for Prostrations and Why We CountInstructions for Prostrations and Why We CountInstructions for Prostrations and Why We CountInstructions for Prostrations and Why We Count................................................................................................................................................................................21212121Inseparability with the Object of RefugeInseparability with the Object of RefugeInseparability with the Object of RefugeInseparability with the Object of Refuge....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22222222An ExamplAn ExamplAn ExamplAn Example Practice Session of the Refugee Practice Session of the Refugee Practice Session of the Refugee Practice Session of the Refuge ................................................................................................................................................................................................................23232323Like Space Dissolving into SpaceLike Space Dissolving into SpaceLike Space Dissolving into SpaceLike Space Dissolving into Space ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23232323The Concept of The Concept of The Concept of The Concept of ÁÁÁÁÏkinÓÏkinÓÏkinÓÏkinÓ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25252525Different Terms to Describe the Buddha NatureDifferent Terms to Describe the Buddha NatureDifferent Terms to Describe the Buddha NatureDifferent Terms to Describe the Buddha Nature ....................................................................................................................................................................................25252525The Eight Worldly DharmasThe Eight Worldly DharmasThe Eight Worldly DharmasThe Eight Worldly Dharmas ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25252525Translating the DharmaTranslating the DharmaTranslating the DharmaTranslating the Dharma....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26262626Bringing Forth the InspirationBringing Forth the InspirationBringing Forth the InspirationBringing Forth the Inspiration ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28282828The Value of Individual PracticeThe Value of Individual PracticeThe Value of Individual PracticeThe Value of Individual Practice................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28282828NNNNggggöndros of the Same Traditionndros of the Same Traditionndros of the Same Traditionndros of the Same Tradition....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29292929Practice for the Sake of EnlightenmentPractice for the Sake of EnlightenmentPractice for the Sake of EnlightenmentPractice for the Sake of Enlightenment............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30303030Take the Highest View While Applying the Subtlest ActionTake the Highest View While Applying the Subtlest ActionTake the Highest View While Applying the Subtlest ActionTake the Highest View While Applying the Subtlest Action........................................................................................................................30303030

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BBBBODHICITTAODHICITTAODHICITTAODHICITTA: : : : ONE OF THE MAIN FOUNONE OF THE MAIN FOUNONE OF THE MAIN FOUNONE OF THE MAIN FOUNDATIONSDATIONSDATIONSDATIONS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34343434Having a Complete Picture of BodhicittaHaving a Complete Picture of BodhicittaHaving a Complete Picture of BodhicittaHaving a Complete Picture of Bodhicitta ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................34343434Two Aspects of Relative Bodhicitta: Aspiring and EnteringTwo Aspects of Relative Bodhicitta: Aspiring and EnteringTwo Aspects of Relative Bodhicitta: Aspiring and EnteringTwo Aspects of Relative Bodhicitta: Aspiring and Entering ................................................................................................................36363636Bringing the Different Aspects of Bodhicitta TogetherBringing the Different Aspects of Bodhicitta TogetherBringing the Different Aspects of Bodhicitta TogetherBringing the Different Aspects of Bodhicitta Together ................................................................................................................................................37373737The Highest GiftThe Highest GiftThe Highest GiftThe Highest Gift ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37373737The Bodhisattva ConceptThe Bodhisattva ConceptThe Bodhisattva ConceptThe Bodhisattva Concept ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38383838The View or the Action, Which Is Higher?The View or the Action, Which Is Higher?The View or the Action, Which Is Higher?The View or the Action, Which Is Higher?........................................................................................................................................................................................................................39393939Methods of Generating Aspiration BodhicittaMethods of Generating Aspiration BodhicittaMethods of Generating Aspiration BodhicittaMethods of Generating Aspiration Bodhicitta....................................................................................................................................................................................................40404040The Four ImmeasurablesThe Four ImmeasurablesThe Four ImmeasurablesThe Four Immeasurables ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40404040An Antidote to the EgoAn Antidote to the EgoAn Antidote to the EgoAn Antidote to the Ego ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41414141Just Do It and You Will Get the Gist of ItJust Do It and You Will Get the Gist of ItJust Do It and You Will Get the Gist of ItJust Do It and You Will Get the Gist of It ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................41414141Your Imagination Itself Is a VisualisationYour Imagination Itself Is a VisualisationYour Imagination Itself Is a VisualisationYour Imagination Itself Is a Visualisation............................................................................................................................................................................................................................42424242Some Rules of VisualisationSome Rules of VisualisationSome Rules of VisualisationSome Rules of Visualisation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42424242The Benefit of UncertaintyThe Benefit of UncertaintyThe Benefit of UncertaintyThe Benefit of Uncertainty ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44444444Admitting as Opposed to PretendingAdmitting as Opposed to PretendingAdmitting as Opposed to PretendingAdmitting as Opposed to Pretending ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44444444Problems Are Also Compounded PhenomenaProblems Are Also Compounded PhenomenaProblems Are Also Compounded PhenomenaProblems Are Also Compounded Phenomena ....................................................................................................................................................................................................45454545Bodhisattva’s Determination: Never Giving UpBodhisattva’s Determination: Never Giving UpBodhisattva’s Determination: Never Giving UpBodhisattva’s Determination: Never Giving Up........................................................................................................................................................................................45454545Dedications Can Be Done at AnytimeDedications Can Be Done at AnytimeDedications Can Be Done at AnytimeDedications Can Be Done at Anytime....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47474747A Sign of the Dharma Entering Our MindsA Sign of the Dharma Entering Our MindsA Sign of the Dharma Entering Our MindsA Sign of the Dharma Entering Our Minds....................................................................................................................................................................................................................47474747MahÏsukha: a Result of Renunciation MindMahÏsukha: a Result of Renunciation MindMahÏsukha: a Result of Renunciation MindMahÏsukha: a Result of Renunciation Mind ............................................................................................................................................................................................................48484848Our Karma Makes Us InterpretOur Karma Makes Us InterpretOur Karma Makes Us InterpretOur Karma Makes Us Interpret........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48484848The VajrayÏna Method of Taming the MindThe VajrayÏna Method of Taming the MindThe VajrayÏna Method of Taming the MindThe VajrayÏna Method of Taming the Mind ............................................................................................................................................................................................................50505050Giving Attachment No Place to LiveGiving Attachment No Place to LiveGiving Attachment No Place to LiveGiving Attachment No Place to Live............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51515151Pure Perception: a Thorn to Remove a ThornPure Perception: a Thorn to Remove a ThornPure Perception: a Thorn to Remove a ThornPure Perception: a Thorn to Remove a Thorn ................................................................................................................................................................................................52525252Not Becoming a Victim of Your Own CompassionNot Becoming a Victim of Your Own CompassionNot Becoming a Victim of Your Own CompassionNot Becoming a Victim of Your Own Compassion ........................................................................................................................................................................53535353

VVVVAJRASATTVAAJRASATTVAAJRASATTVAAJRASATTVA....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54545454Understanding the Dharma from All AnglesUnderstanding the Dharma from All AnglesUnderstanding the Dharma from All AnglesUnderstanding the Dharma from All Angles ............................................................................................................................................................................................................54545454RenunciatRenunciatRenunciatRenunciation Mind: Knowing It Is a Dreamion Mind: Knowing It Is a Dreamion Mind: Knowing It Is a Dreamion Mind: Knowing It Is a Dream ............................................................................................................................................................................................................55555555Cleansing This Vessel: Body, Speech and MindCleansing This Vessel: Body, Speech and MindCleansing This Vessel: Body, Speech and MindCleansing This Vessel: Body, Speech and Mind........................................................................................................................................................................................56565656Think of Vajrasattva as a Practice of Uncovering Think of Vajrasattva as a Practice of Uncovering Think of Vajrasattva as a Practice of Uncovering Think of Vajrasattva as a Practice of Uncovering the Buddha Naturethe Buddha Naturethe Buddha Naturethe Buddha Nature ....................................................57575757Guru: a Reflection of Devotion and MeritGuru: a Reflection of Devotion and MeritGuru: a Reflection of Devotion and MeritGuru: a Reflection of Devotion and Merit ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................57575757Different Aspirations but One EssenceDifferent Aspirations but One EssenceDifferent Aspirations but One EssenceDifferent Aspirations but One Essence ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58585858Vajrasattva: the Unity of Wisdom and CompassionVajrasattva: the Unity of Wisdom and CompassionVajrasattva: the Unity of Wisdom and CompassionVajrasattva: the Unity of Wisdom and Compassion ................................................................................................................................................................58585858Bodily Defilements: Obscuration of NÏÐÓBodily Defilements: Obscuration of NÏÐÓBodily Defilements: Obscuration of NÏÐÓBodily Defilements: Obscuration of NÏÐÓ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................59595959

iii

BeBeBeBeing Creative and Flexible with the Visualisationing Creative and Flexible with the Visualisationing Creative and Flexible with the Visualisationing Creative and Flexible with the Visualisation....................................................................................................................................................................59595959Speech Defilements: Obscuration of PrÏÚaSpeech Defilements: Obscuration of PrÏÚaSpeech Defilements: Obscuration of PrÏÚaSpeech Defilements: Obscuration of PrÏÚa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................60606060Mind Defilements: Obscuration of BinMind Defilements: Obscuration of BinMind Defilements: Obscuration of BinMind Defilements: Obscuration of Bindudududu ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................61616161TTTTalking about talking about talking about talking about the Fourth Defilement and Defilements in Generalhe Fourth Defilement and Defilements in Generalhe Fourth Defilement and Defilements in Generalhe Fourth Defilement and Defilements in General............................................................................62626262Dissolving Vajrasattva: Watching the InseparabilityDissolving Vajrasattva: Watching the InseparabilityDissolving Vajrasattva: Watching the InseparabilityDissolving Vajrasattva: Watching the Inseparability ........................................................................................................................................................62626262Vajrasattva Related QuestionsVajrasattva Related QuestionsVajrasattva Related QuestionsVajrasattva Related Questions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................63636363Exposing Deeds of the Past, Present and FutureExposing Deeds of the Past, Present and FutureExposing Deeds of the Past, Present and FutureExposing Deeds of the Past, Present and Future ................................................................................................................................................................................64646464Dissolving Pride and JealousyDissolving Pride and JealousyDissolving Pride and JealousyDissolving Pride and Jealousy ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65656565No Place to Hide No Place to Hide No Place to Hide No Place to Hide –––– a Big Relief a Big Relief a Big Relief a Big Relief........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65656565Some Aspects of PrÏÚa, NÏÐÓ, and BinduSome Aspects of PrÏÚa, NÏÐÓ, and BinduSome Aspects of PrÏÚa, NÏÐÓ, and BinduSome Aspects of PrÏÚa, NÏÐÓ, and Bindu ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................66666666Entering VajrayÏna CompletelyEntering VajrayÏna CompletelyEntering VajrayÏna CompletelyEntering VajrayÏna Completely ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................66666666Insertions Are Printed Separately, Out of Respect to the Original AuthorInsertions Are Printed Separately, Out of Respect to the Original AuthorInsertions Are Printed Separately, Out of Respect to the Original AuthorInsertions Are Printed Separately, Out of Respect to the Original Author ............................67676767An Outline of the Ngöndro PracticeAn Outline of the Ngöndro PracticeAn Outline of the Ngöndro PracticeAn Outline of the Ngöndro Practice ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................67676767

MMMMAAAAÇÁÇÁÇÁÇÁALA ALA ALA ALA OOOOFFERINGFFERINGFFERINGFFERING ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69696969Merit Is an AbilityMerit Is an AbilityMerit Is an AbilityMerit Is an Ability........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69696969Obstacles as a Good SignObstacles as a Good SignObstacles as a Good SignObstacles as a Good Sign ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70707070The Meaning of ‘MaÚÐala Offering’The Meaning of ‘MaÚÐala Offering’The Meaning of ‘MaÚÐala Offering’The Meaning of ‘MaÚÐala Offering’ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70707070Being Creative with the OfferiBeing Creative with the OfferiBeing Creative with the OfferiBeing Creative with the Offering Substanceng Substanceng Substanceng Substance................................................................................................................................................................................................................71717171MaÚÐala Offering in RetreatsMaÚÐala Offering in RetreatsMaÚÐala Offering in RetreatsMaÚÐala Offering in Retreats ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................71717171Why We CountWhy We CountWhy We CountWhy We Count............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................72727272Doing Doing Doing Doing Things with and without a PurposeThings with and without a PurposeThings with and without a PurposeThings with and without a Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................72727272How to Do the MaÚÐala PracticeHow to Do the MaÚÐala PracticeHow to Do the MaÚÐala PracticeHow to Do the MaÚÐala Practice ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73737373Mount Meru, the Planets, the Sun and the Moon Mount Meru, the Planets, the Sun and the Moon Mount Meru, the Planets, the Sun and the Moon Mount Meru, the Planets, the Sun and the Moon –––– a Concept of a Concept of a Concept of a Concept of the Universethe Universethe Universethe Universe ....75757575Some Advice on How to Treat TextsSome Advice on How to Treat TextsSome Advice on How to Treat TextsSome Advice on How to Treat Texts ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76767676Talking about Resistance and HabitTalking about Resistance and HabitTalking about Resistance and HabitTalking about Resistance and Habit ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76767676Everything You Offer Is Also Your PerceptionEverything You Offer Is Also Your PerceptionEverything You Offer Is Also Your PerceptionEverything You Offer Is Also Your Perception................................................................................................................................................................................................77777777Aiming for a Higher AttitudeAiming for a Higher AttitudeAiming for a Higher AttitudeAiming for a Higher Attitude........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................78787878

KKKKUSUSUSUSÀÀÀÀLI LI LI LI PPPPRACTICERACTICERACTICERACTICE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................79797979Conquering the Four MÏrasConquering the Four MÏrasConquering the Four MÏrasConquering the Four MÏras ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................80808080The Offering Feast: a WishThe Offering Feast: a WishThe Offering Feast: a WishThe Offering Feast: a Wish----Fulfilling NectarFulfilling NectarFulfilling NectarFulfilling Nectar ....................................................................................................................................................................................................81818181SettSettSettSettling the Score and Clearing Karmic Debtsling the Score and Clearing Karmic Debtsling the Score and Clearing Karmic Debtsling the Score and Clearing Karmic Debts................................................................................................................................................................................................81818181The Host, the Guests and the Feast Become InseparableThe Host, the Guests and the Feast Become InseparableThe Host, the Guests and the Feast Become InseparableThe Host, the Guests and the Feast Become Inseparable ................................................................................................................................82828282Clarification on KusÏli PracticClarification on KusÏli PracticClarification on KusÏli PracticClarification on KusÏli Practiceeee....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................82828282

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GGGGURU URU URU URU YYYYOGAOGAOGAOGA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................84848484Taking the Guru Not Only as Teacher but as the PathTaking the Guru Not Only as Teacher but as the PathTaking the Guru Not Only as Teacher but as the PathTaking the Guru Not Only as Teacher but as the Path ................................................................................................................................................84848484Dislocating This WellDislocating This WellDislocating This WellDislocating This Well----Crafted Samsaric LifeCrafted Samsaric LifeCrafted Samsaric LifeCrafted Samsaric Life........................................................................................................................................................................................................84848484Patrül Rinpoche and Nyoshül LungtokPatrül Rinpoche and Nyoshül LungtokPatrül Rinpoche and Nyoshül LungtokPatrül Rinpoche and Nyoshül Lungtok ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85858585The Experience of Great SpontaneityThe Experience of Great SpontaneityThe Experience of Great SpontaneityThe Experience of Great Spontaneity ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85858585VajrayÏna Methods Are so Fitting for This EraVajrayÏna Methods Are so Fitting for This EraVajrayÏna Methods Are so Fitting for This EraVajrayÏna Methods Are so Fitting for This Era ........................................................................................................................................................................................86868686‘Rest in the Nature of the Mind’‘Rest in the Nature of the Mind’‘Rest in the Nature of the Mind’‘Rest in the Nature of the Mind’ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................87878787Two Ways of Recognising the MindTwo Ways of Recognising the MindTwo Ways of Recognising the MindTwo Ways of Recognising the Mind................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................88888888Two Ways of Accumulating MeritTwo Ways of Accumulating MeritTwo Ways of Accumulating MeritTwo Ways of Accumulating Merit............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................88888888Outer, Inner and Secret GuruOuter, Inner and Secret GuruOuter, Inner and Secret GuruOuter, Inner and Secret Guru....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................89898989The Outer Guru as a BridgeThe Outer Guru as a BridgeThe Outer Guru as a BridgeThe Outer Guru as a Bridge............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................89898989Our Feeling Uncomfortable with a Too Perfect BeingOur Feeling Uncomfortable with a Too Perfect BeingOur Feeling Uncomfortable with a Too Perfect BeingOur Feeling Uncomfortable with a Too Perfect Being ................................................................................................................................................90909090A MaA MaA MaA Master’s Great Display of Compassionster’s Great Display of Compassionster’s Great Display of Compassionster’s Great Display of Compassion............................................................................................................................................................................................................................91919191The Guru Lineage as a StaircaseThe Guru Lineage as a StaircaseThe Guru Lineage as a StaircaseThe Guru Lineage as a Staircase ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................91919191Somewhere Between Fabrication and Not Faking ItSomewhere Between Fabrication and Not Faking ItSomewhere Between Fabrication and Not Faking ItSomewhere Between Fabrication and Not Faking It ............................................................................................................................................................91919191Dualistic Perception Is a Construction of Our MindsDualistic Perception Is a Construction of Our MindsDualistic Perception Is a Construction of Our MindsDualistic Perception Is a Construction of Our Minds ....................................................................................................................................................92929292Devotion As Trust in Cause, Condition and EffectDevotion As Trust in Cause, Condition and EffectDevotion As Trust in Cause, Condition and EffectDevotion As Trust in Cause, Condition and Effect ........................................................................................................................................................................92929292Everything Is EmptinessEverything Is EmptinessEverything Is EmptinessEverything Is Emptiness....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................93939393Guru Yoga Related QuestionsGuru Yoga Related QuestionsGuru Yoga Related QuestionsGuru Yoga Related Questions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................94949494Examining Both the Guru and Our Own AgendaExamining Both the Guru and Our Own AgendaExamining Both the Guru and Our Own AgendaExamining Both the Guru and Our Own Agenda ................................................................................................................................................................................95959595Examining the PathExamining the PathExamining the PathExamining the Path ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................96969696Genuine HumilityGenuine HumilityGenuine HumilityGenuine Humility ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................96969696A Wanderer’s AttitudeA Wanderer’s AttitudeA Wanderer’s AttitudeA Wanderer’s Attitude ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................97979797Guru Yoga VisualisationGuru Yoga VisualisationGuru Yoga VisualisationGuru Yoga Visualisation................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................98989898Guru Yoga: the Most Essential Practice in the TantraGuru Yoga: the Most Essential Practice in the TantraGuru Yoga: the Most Essential Practice in the TantraGuru Yoga: the Most Essential Practice in the Tantra ................................................................................................................................................99999999The Secret and the Inner GuruThe Secret and the Inner GuruThe Secret and the Inner GuruThe Secret and the Inner Guru ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................100100100100Sooner or Later, This ‘Patch’ Is Going to Fall OffSooner or Later, This ‘Patch’ Is Going to Fall OffSooner or Later, This ‘Patch’ Is Going to Fall OffSooner or Later, This ‘Patch’ Is Going to Fall Off................................................................................................................................................................102102102102The Experience of ‘Nyam’The Experience of ‘Nyam’The Experience of ‘Nyam’The Experience of ‘Nyam’................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................102102102102Giving Our Buddha Nature a Chance to ManifestGiving Our Buddha Nature a Chance to ManifestGiving Our Buddha Nature a Chance to ManifestGiving Our Buddha Nature a Chance to Manifest ................................................................................................................................................................103103103103Mingling Your Mind with the Guru’s MindMingling Your Mind with the Guru’s MindMingling Your Mind with the Guru’s MindMingling Your Mind with the Guru’s Mind............................................................................................................................................................................................................103103103103Being Patient and Not Expecting the ResultBeing Patient and Not Expecting the ResultBeing Patient and Not Expecting the ResultBeing Patient and Not Expecting the Result........................................................................................................................................................................................................104104104104Praying to the GuruPraying to the GuruPraying to the GuruPraying to the Guru....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................104104104104How Do We Take the Guru as the Path?How Do We Take the Guru as the Path?How Do We Take the Guru as the Path?How Do We Take the Guru as the Path? ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................106106106106Emptiness: the Example of the MirageEmptiness: the Example of the MirageEmptiness: the Example of the MirageEmptiness: the Example of the Mirage ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................106106106106Persevering with One PathPersevering with One PathPersevering with One PathPersevering with One Path ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................107107107107

v

AAAABISHEKA BISHEKA BISHEKA BISHEKA & & & & THE THE THE THE FFFFOUR OUR OUR OUR EEEEMPOWERMENTSMPOWERMENTSMPOWERMENTSMPOWERMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................108108108108IN THE IN THE IN THE IN THE GGGGURU URU URU URU YYYYOGAOGAOGAOGA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................108108108108

Devotion Generated Out of Seeking EnlightenmentDevotion Generated Out of Seeking EnlightenmentDevotion Generated Out of Seeking EnlightenmentDevotion Generated Out of Seeking Enlightenment ........................................................................................................................................................108108108108The Meaning of AbishekaThe Meaning of AbishekaThe Meaning of AbishekaThe Meaning of Abisheka....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................109109109109Using Water as a Tantric SubstanceUsing Water as a Tantric SubstanceUsing Water as a Tantric SubstanceUsing Water as a Tantric Substance....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................110110110110‘Twenty‘Twenty‘Twenty‘Twenty----five Substancesfive Substancesfive Substancesfive Substances Coming from the Cow’ Coming from the Cow’ Coming from the Cow’ Coming from the Cow’ ............................................................................................................................................................................111111111111‘Initiation of the Child Entering the MaÚÐala’‘Initiation of the Child Entering the MaÚÐala’‘Initiation of the Child Entering the MaÚÐala’‘Initiation of the Child Entering the MaÚÐala’ ....................................................................................................................................................................................112112112112The SelfThe SelfThe SelfThe Self----initiation of the Guru Yogainitiation of the Guru Yogainitiation of the Guru Yogainitiation of the Guru Yoga....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................113113113113OpenOpenOpenOpeninginginging the Door of the Developing Meditation the Door of the Developing Meditation the Door of the Developing Meditation the Door of the Developing Meditation ........................................................................................................................................................................113113113113The Second Initiation Opens the Door of the Completion MeditationThe Second Initiation Opens the Door of the Completion MeditationThe Second Initiation Opens the Door of the Completion MeditationThe Second Initiation Opens the Door of the Completion Meditation ................................................114114114114Developing and Completion StagesDeveloping and Completion StagesDeveloping and Completion StagesDeveloping and Completion Stages ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................114114114114Opening the Door Opening the Door Opening the Door Opening the Door for for for for TrekchTrekchTrekchTrekchöööö ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................114114114114The Fourth Initiation DispThe Fourth Initiation DispThe Fourth Initiation DispThe Fourth Initiation Dispels any Remaining Residue of Defilementels any Remaining Residue of Defilementels any Remaining Residue of Defilementels any Remaining Residue of Defilement....................................................115115115115Clarification on Points of PracticeClarification on Points of PracticeClarification on Points of PracticeClarification on Points of Practice............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................115115115115Explaining the Four KÏyasExplaining the Four KÏyasExplaining the Four KÏyasExplaining the Four KÏyas ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................116116116116Doing a Tsok Offering as a Ngöndro PractitionerDoing a Tsok Offering as a Ngöndro PractitionerDoing a Tsok Offering as a Ngöndro PractitionerDoing a Tsok Offering as a Ngöndro Practitioner ................................................................................................................................................................118118118118General Questions Relating to NgöndroGeneral Questions Relating to NgöndroGeneral Questions Relating to NgöndroGeneral Questions Relating to Ngöndro............................................................................................................................................................................................................................122122122122Samaya Is Like FencingSamaya Is Like FencingSamaya Is Like FencingSamaya Is Like Fencing ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................124124124124Vajra Hell: a Symbolic Term for Impure VisionVajra Hell: a Symbolic Term for Impure VisionVajra Hell: a Symbolic Term for Impure VisionVajra Hell: a Symbolic Term for Impure Vision................................................................................................................................................................................126126126126

PPPPRACTICE IN RACTICE IN RACTICE IN RACTICE IN DDDDAILY AILY AILY AILY LLLLIFEIFEIFEIFE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................128128128128

PPPPRACTICE RACTICE RACTICE RACTICE DDDDOES OES OES OES NNNNOT OT OT OT NNNNECESSARILY ECESSARILY ECESSARILY ECESSARILY MMMMEAN EAN EAN EAN SSSSITTINGITTINGITTINGITTING ........................................................................................................................................................................................................129129129129How to Let the Dharma PenetrateHow to Let the Dharma PenetrateHow to Let the Dharma PenetrateHow to Let the Dharma Penetrate................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................129129129129What IWhat IWhat IWhat It Means to Say: Dharma Bearing Fruitt Means to Say: Dharma Bearing Fruitt Means to Say: Dharma Bearing Fruitt Means to Say: Dharma Bearing Fruit ........................................................................................................................................................................................130130130130Dharma Attitudes: ‘a Race Against Time’ and ‘the Genuine Heart of Sadness’Dharma Attitudes: ‘a Race Against Time’ and ‘the Genuine Heart of Sadness’Dharma Attitudes: ‘a Race Against Time’ and ‘the Genuine Heart of Sadness’Dharma Attitudes: ‘a Race Against Time’ and ‘the Genuine Heart of Sadness’............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................132132132132Complaints SComplaints SComplaints SComplaints Show Our Lack of Understanding of Cause, Condition and Effecthow Our Lack of Understanding of Cause, Condition and Effecthow Our Lack of Understanding of Cause, Condition and Effecthow Our Lack of Understanding of Cause, Condition and Effect............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................132132132132Dharma Is No Therapy Dharma Is No Therapy Dharma Is No Therapy Dharma Is No Therapy ---- Dharma Stirs Up Your Life Dharma Stirs Up Your Life Dharma Stirs Up Your Life Dharma Stirs Up Your Life ................................................................................................................................................133133133133The Ultimate CThe Ultimate CThe Ultimate CThe Ultimate Craziness: Going Beyond All Conceptionsraziness: Going Beyond All Conceptionsraziness: Going Beyond All Conceptionsraziness: Going Beyond All Conceptions............................................................................................................................133133133133Always Remember the Three Wholesomeness’sAlways Remember the Three Wholesomeness’sAlways Remember the Three Wholesomeness’sAlways Remember the Three Wholesomeness’s ................................................................................................................................................................................134134134134Abandoning, Transforming and KnowingAbandoning, Transforming and KnowingAbandoning, Transforming and KnowingAbandoning, Transforming and Knowing ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................135135135135The ÌrÏvakayÏna Method: Meditation upon Impermanence and UglinessThe ÌrÏvakayÏna Method: Meditation upon Impermanence and UglinessThe ÌrÏvakayÏna Method: Meditation upon Impermanence and UglinessThe ÌrÏvakayÏna Method: Meditation upon Impermanence and Ugliness ....................135135135135The MahÏyÏna: the AspirationThe MahÏyÏna: the AspirationThe MahÏyÏna: the AspirationThe MahÏyÏna: the Aspiration....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................136136136136The VajrayÏna: Not Fabricating, Just WatchingThe VajrayÏna: Not Fabricating, Just WatchingThe VajrayÏna: Not Fabricating, Just WatchingThe VajrayÏna: Not Fabricating, Just Watching............................................................................................................................................................................137137137137

vi

Practicing All Three Points TogetherPracticing All Three Points TogetherPracticing All Three Points TogetherPracticing All Three Points Together ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................138138138138Further PiFurther PiFurther PiFurther Pith Instructions of Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpocheth Instructions of Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpocheth Instructions of Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpocheth Instructions of Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpoche............................................................................................................................138138138138Karmic Connection to a Particular PracticeKarmic Connection to a Particular PracticeKarmic Connection to a Particular PracticeKarmic Connection to a Particular Practice ................................................................................................................................................................................................140140140140Dream YogaDream YogaDream YogaDream Yoga ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................140140140140Group Practice should inspire Individual PracticeGroup Practice should inspire Individual PracticeGroup Practice should inspire Individual PracticeGroup Practice should inspire Individual Practice ............................................................................................................................................................141141141141Communicating Is Not a Life and Death MatterCommunicating Is Not a Life and Death MatterCommunicating Is Not a Life and Death MatterCommunicating Is Not a Life and Death Matter ............................................................................................................................................................................141141141141The Two ObscurationsThe Two ObscurationsThe Two ObscurationsThe Two Obscurations ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................142142142142Ego Is Like a Cat and Our Insecurity Is the TailEgo Is Like a Cat and Our Insecurity Is the TailEgo Is Like a Cat and Our Insecurity Is the TailEgo Is Like a Cat and Our Insecurity Is the Tail ............................................................................................................................................................................143143143143Chandrakirti’s Seven Chariots MethodChandrakirti’s Seven Chariots MethodChandrakirti’s Seven Chariots MethodChandrakirti’s Seven Chariots Method ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................143143143143Various Questions on Practice in Daily LifeVarious Questions on Practice in Daily LifeVarious Questions on Practice in Daily LifeVarious Questions on Practice in Daily Life....................................................................................................................................................................................................144144144144

SSSSHAMATHA AND HAMATHA AND HAMATHA AND HAMATHA AND VVVVIPASHYANIPASHYANIPASHYANIPASHYANÀÀÀÀ:::: A DA DA DA DOORWAY TO OORWAY TO OORWAY TO OORWAY TO KKKKNOWING NOWING NOWING NOWING TTTTHIS HIS HIS HIS ‘‘‘‘UUUUNFABRICATEDNFABRICATEDNFABRICATEDNFABRICATED’ S’ S’ S’ STATETATETATETATE........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................149149149149

The Eye and TögalThe Eye and TögalThe Eye and TögalThe Eye and Tögal............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................149149149149The Four Mindfulness’sThe Four Mindfulness’sThe Four Mindfulness’sThe Four Mindfulness’s ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................150150150150VipashyanÏ Triggers an Understanding of EmptinessVipashyanÏ Triggers an Understanding of EmptinessVipashyanÏ Triggers an Understanding of EmptinessVipashyanÏ Triggers an Understanding of Emptiness............................................................................................................................................151151151151Mindfulness Itself Is a Strong DisciplineMindfulness Itself Is a Strong DisciplineMindfulness Itself Is a Strong DisciplineMindfulness Itself Is a Strong Discipline ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................151151151151

Appendix I:Appendix I:Appendix I:Appendix I: The Abbreviated The Abbreviated The Abbreviated The Abbreviated Practice of the PreliminariesPractice of the PreliminariesPractice of the PreliminariesPractice of the Preliminaries........................................................................................................................................153153153153Appendix II:Appendix II:Appendix II:Appendix II: An Outline of the NgAn Outline of the NgAn Outline of the NgAn Outline of the Ngööööndrondrondrondro....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................154154154154Appendix III:Appendix III:Appendix III:Appendix III: Diagram of the Seven Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the Seven Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the Seven Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the Seven Point MaÚÐala ................................................................................................................................................................................155155155155Appendix IV:Appendix IV:Appendix IV:Appendix IV: Diagram of the 37 Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the 37 Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the 37 Point MaÚÐalaDiagram of the 37 Point MaÚÐala ....................................................................................................................................................................................................156156156156IIIINDEXNDEXNDEXNDEX....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................157157157157EndnotesEndnotesEndnotesEndnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................162162162162

Foreword Foreword Foreword Foreword

This small, insignificant book is in reality the product of the collection of a lot of blabbering. But somehow, due to the karmic debt that a sizeable number of sentient beings have with me, they happen to have interpreted this blabbering as a teaching. Whatever the case, the gathering place for the discussions contained within these ensuing pages was mainly Silz, Germany, during August of 2001.

At the beginning of the BodhicharyÏvatÏra, the great ShÏntideva aspired that through the writing of that text, benefit might be brought to beings like himself. Likewise, if there happen to be, and no doubt there are, many confused beings like myself, who by encountering this text receive benefit, then I will take this as a source of merit for myself. Eventually may this also be a cause of merit for others.

The physical existence of this text is mainly due to the relentless hard work of Chanel Grubner. Of course, readers must take notice that this is not meant to be a complete and finished work and thus, there may be many mistakes both in meaning and wording. While one should not hoist the banner of intellectual pride and jump to critical conclusions, with good motivation and intention to help the buddhadharma, any comments are very much welcome.

Dzongsar J. Khyentse RinpocheDzongsar J. Khyentse RinpocheDzongsar J. Khyentse RinpocheDzongsar J. Khyentse Rinpoche

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

First and foremost, I would like to thank Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche for the opportunity to study and contemplate these precious, profound teachings more deeply. Personally, I am entirely grateful to have been able to muddle through and edit this book. I can compare it to being handed this beautifully cut diamond and being asked to polish it. To begin with, it turned out to be much like creating smudges on a diamond, and the more I rubbed away, the more smudges there were. But thankfully, a diamond is simply a diamond.

This teaching is based on the short preliminary practices of the Longchen Nyingtik and is essentially derived from transcripts of teachings given during an eight-day retreat in Germany. The text of Khyentse Wangpo’s short preliminary practice in Tibetan, phonetic Tibetan and English translation, along with associated liturgies and commentary by Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche may be found in “The Excellent Path to Enlightenment” (translated by the Padmakara Translation Group, published by Snow Lion, 1996). One other important companion text is Patrul Rinpoche’s classic commentary on the Longchen Nyingtik Ngöndro: the ‘Kunzang Lama’i Shelung’, also known as ‘The Words of My Perfect Teacher’ (translated by the Padmakara Translation Group, published in 1994).

In the process of bringing these retreat teachings into book form, as much as possible, the attempt has been made not to detract from Rinpoche’s unique style and manner of communicating. At the same time, the contents have undergone various changes both in wording and structure. To enhance the overall flow for the reader, the original sequence has been somewhat reorganized, and many of the questions have been regrouped into particular heading sections. On the whole, the headings themselves, which are hyperlinked in the electronic version of this document, aim to highlight some of the more important points rather than categorize according to subject. Also, those broader discussions, not so directly related to this practice, have been largely omitted since Rinpoche has expressed that the main purpose is to provide students and practitioners with a kind of manual for ngöndro practice.

Throughout the text there is regular usage of Sanskrit and Tibetan terms, mostly with diacritical marks added. Rather than make all transliterated terms into italics, most of the less common terms have been italicized. For instance, terms such as duÒkha and ÐÏkinÓ are in italics, whereas the more frequently cited Sanskrit and Tibetan terms such as ‘nirmÏÚakÏya’ and ‘ngöndro’ haven't been italicized and nor have personal names.

For any errors or inconsistencies I take sole responsibility and regret that owing to my own confusion, there is likely room for improvement. Since this compilation is meant to be an ongoing project, comments and suggestions will certainly be much appreciated.

Acknowledgements

A special thanks to Doris Wolter who transcribed and edited several of the transcripts andalso provided invaluable support in those crucial early stages. It was also Doris who suggested and contributed to the headings in their current mode. Thanks also, to all who transcribed the teachings, and especially to Arne, for all his thoroughness. There are many others who have contributed in numerous ways; but in particular, the editor would like to thank Claudia, Steve, Suzanne, Maree, Derek, Douglas, Cynthia, Daniel and last but not least, Kelly, who has kindly provided the artwork and the drawings of the maÚÐalas.

Chanel Grubner, editorChanel Grubner, editorChanel Grubner, editorChanel Grubner, editor

SSSSOME OME OME OME CCCCRUCIAL RUCIAL RUCIAL RUCIAL AAAASPECTS TO SPECTS TO SPECTS TO SPECTS TO BBBBEGIN THE EGIN THE EGIN THE EGIN THE NNNNGGGGÖÖÖÖNDRONDRONDRONDRO

s we all know, the Buddha’s teachings aim to liberate us from all kinds of delusion, and that is what we call enlightenment. Now when we speak of liberation, we are not only trying to be released from temporal delusion, but

also from the very root of delusion, so that delusion will never again occur. And in usingthis term ‘delusion’ not only does it refer to some of the more gross delusion it alsoincludes the subtlest of delusion, as well. Some of the aspects we consider to be path, or that we treasure as wisdom, or some of the things we think of as virtuous are eventually the very things that also need to be purified.

To enable us to release ourselves from all the delusion, the Buddha taught numerous different methods. Traditionally, the teachings speak of more than 84,000 methods. Each is intended to meet the needs of different kinds of sentient beings, with varying kinds of motivation and determination. There are those who are determined to completely renounce themselves from saÙsÏra and that is their main aim. Because of this, the Buddha taught the whole àrÏvaka vehicle.1 And then, there are certain types of sentient beings who have an even greater kind of determination. Not only do they have the resolve of escaping from saÙsÏra but there is also the determination of not dwelling in nirvÏÚa. In other words, there is the determination to escape from all kinds of extremes not only for oneself but for the sake of all sentient beings. For these beings, Buddha taught the greater vehicle, generally known as the mahÏyÏna. In either case, whether it is the greater or the lesser vehicle, each of the methods, and both these paths liberate us from delusion.

Escape or liberation from delusion is difficult, because of our many strong habits. These habitual patterns are something we have developed over countless lifetimes, over so many years. So one could say that the buddhadharma is a systematic method of peeling back the layers of these habitual patterns. It is as though the habitual patterns are a skin and through our study and practice we begin to peel off this skin. Each time we peel offone layer of skin we discover an inner skin, and think of it as the real fruit. Soon enough,however, we realise that it is yet another skin, and then we peel off that layer. But this is quite difficult because we have the tendency to get stuck with the inner layer of skin, thinking that it must be the fruit. We do not immediately comprehend that this is but amore stubborn and subtle delusion. For this, we need mind training.

Both in the mahÏyÏna and in the àrÏvakayÏna, there is a complete structure of mind training. Within the àrÏvaka tradition, one’s training of the mind is based on disciplining the body, speech, and mind. This is accomplished through the whole vinaya structure, from shaving the head, wearing robes, and basically renouncing the worldly life physically. In the mahÏyÏna, we try to tame or train our mind, with even more vigorous methods. Besides contemplating on renouncing worldly life, we also try to train our mindsto understand the general situation and the varying stages of other sentient beings. In other words we practise compassion and generate the so-called bodhicitta mind so as to enlighten all sentient beings.

This practice falls within the mahÏyÏna path. Again, because of differing determination, two categories of methods are found: there is the mahÏyÏna that teaches the cause as the path, and the mahÏyÏna that practices the result as the path. With this ngöndro you are practicing within the second category, which is to take the result as the path. This is also known as the vajrayÏna path. On this path, we train our mind not only through the renunciation of worldly life, and by generating compassion and bodhicitta, but also, we try

A

Some Crucial Aspects to Begin the Ngöndro

8

to train our mind by transforming impure experiences into pure vision. That is the forte of the vajrayÏna; there is a specialness about it because of this difference in attitude.

The vajrayÏna way of looking at the world is quite different. A prÏtimokßa attitude2

is to see this samsaric world as something impure, and this is what they call the “Truth of Suffering.” So in following this to its logical conclusion, the world is something to be gotten rid of and something to escape from. That is the àrÏvaka attitude. In the mahÏyÏna,saÙsÏra is also thought to be imperfect, but instead of trying to escape, the aim is to practice compassion and bodhicitta. In the vajrayÏna, we try to understand the reality –impure phenomena is also pure and has been pure all along. This is what we try to contemplate.

Unfortunately the term ‘ngöndro’ has misled a lot of people. Literally translated, it actually holds the meaning of ‘preliminary practice.’ So somehow, we have developed the idea, “It is something not as important” or that “it is not the main practice.” We think it is something ‘required’ before you actually do ‘the real thing’ or ‘the main course.’ That is sad because as your study deepens, you will realise that apart from the whole ngöndro practice, you will not find anything more distinctive in the vajrayÏna. Still, I can understand why in the past, the lamas have mainly identified the ngöndro as a preliminary practice; not only does it tend to encourage practitioners, but also it is sort of structured that way.

Anyhow, as I go through and explain the practice of ngöndro, rather than going m