Long Term Evolution (Lte) Senior Pro Revised

8/6/2019 Long Term Evolution (Lte) Senior Pro Revised

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EVOLUTION OF LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest step in moving forward from the

cellular 3G services.

LTE is based on standards developed by the 3rd Generation

Partnership Project (3GPP).

The 3rd

Generation Partnership Project is a collaboration between groups oftelecommunications associations. Known as the Organizational partners.

3GPPs intial goal was to make a globally acceptable 3G mobile phone system

specification based on evolved GSM specifications.

3GPP2 is 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 which specifies standards for

another 3G technology based on IS-95 (CDMA) commonly known as

CDMA2000.

LTE may also be referred more formally as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial

Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Acces Network

(E-UTRAN).


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History of Releases:


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FURTHER LTE RELEASES:

LTE Release 10 in 2011- LTE Advanced

It fulfills IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards compatible with

Release 8(LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA.

LTE Release 11( In progress)- Advanced IP Interconnection of

Services.


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Comparison of LTE with previous

mobile technologies


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MAIN OBJECTIVES OF LTE:

Increased downlink and uplink peak data rates.

Scalable bandwidth

Improved spectral efficiency

All IP network

A standards based interface that can support a multitude of usertypes.

LTE networks are intended to bridge the functional dataexchange gap between very high data rate fixed wirelessLocal Area Networks (LAN) and very high mobility cellularnetworks.


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LTE characteristics:

High data rates: up to 100 Mbit/s in local area (even up to

300 Mbit/s with advanced antenna technology [MIMO] andModulation via OFDMA for down link and SC-FDMA for up link)

Flexible channel bandwidth (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz)

Small latency of 5ms between mobile phone and conventionaltelephone network

Optimized for traveling speeds of up to 15 km/h (up to 500km/hpossible)

Up to 200 participants per cell (at 5MHz channel bandwidth)

Only packet oriented propagation (VoIP)

Handover/Roaming also between LTE, UMTS, GSM/GPRS andsatellite networks

Configurable as Single-frequency network (Broadcast andMulticast efficiency like DVB-T/-H)


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Summary of the parameters of

LTE


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LTE Release 8 Major

parameters:


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Comparison between Release

8 & 10


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LTE Duplex methods:

Duplex methods are implemented so that data can be transmitted and

received simultaneously for effective two way communication between

users or user to base station.

LTE incorporates two methods of duplexing in the same platform.

These duplexing methods are:

- Time Division Duplex (TDD)

- Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

The FDD spectrum requires paired bands, one for the uplink and

one for the downlink band

TDD requires single band as uplink and downlink are on the

same frequency but time separated.

There are 15 paired and 8 unpaired spectrum bands.


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Illustration of Spectrum Bands

forFDD


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Illustration of Spectrum Bands

for TDD


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LTE Radio Access: Modulation

Schemes

LTE uses two kinds of Modulation Schemes for the Downlink (DL)

and Uplink (UL).

-DL- OFDM

-UL- SC-FDMA

LTE uses SC-FDMA as an Access Method in the Uplink to

compensate for the drawbacks of OFDM which is acceptable in the

Downlink but not for transfer of data from User Equipment (UE) to

Base Station.

The drawbacks of OFDM are:

-High Peak to Average power ratio (PAPR) which requires

expensive power amplifiers with high requirements of linearity.

-Low Battery Life as batteries are drained quickly.


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SECURITY:

Long Term Evolution (Lte) Senior Pro Revised

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