Long and Short Long and Short term effects of term effects of

exerciseexercise

Short term effectsShort term effects

•List as many short term List as many short term effects of exercise/training on effects of exercise/training on

the body you can think of. the body you can think of. Can they be grouped? Can they be grouped?

(respiratory,circulatory)(respiratory,circulatory)

Short term effectsShort term effectsCirculatoryCirculatory• Skin colour changesSkin colour changes• Blood moved to surface for heat reduction- VasodilatationBlood moved to surface for heat reduction- Vasodilatation• Blood moved to working musclesBlood moved to working muscles• Heart rate increasesHeart rate increases• Stroke volume increasesStroke volume increases• Cardiac output increasesCardiac output increases• Water lost through sweat Water lost through sweat • Arteries widen to allow more blood throughArteries widen to allow more blood through

RespiratoryRespiratory• Tidal volume increasesTidal volume increases• Breathing rate increases and becomes deeper- aerobic Breathing rate increases and becomes deeper- aerobic

respirationrespiration• Stroke volume increasesStroke volume increases• Blood flow to areas not in use is reducedBlood flow to areas not in use is reduced• Muscles begin to fatigueMuscles begin to fatigue• Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient as more alveoli are Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient as more alveoli are

used.used.• Energy released- Glycogen in liver and muscles is released Energy released- Glycogen in liver and muscles is released

Long term effects of Long term effects of Exercise/TrainingExercise/Training

• List as many long term effects of List as many long term effects of exercise/training on the body you exercise/training on the body you

can think of. Can they be grouped? can think of. Can they be grouped? (respiratory, circulatory, muscular) (respiratory, circulatory, muscular)

• Can you also write down which Can you also write down which methodmethod

of training might be best at bringing of training might be best at bringing about this change?about this change?

Long term effectsLong term effectsCirculatoryCirculatory

• Heart strengthen Heart strengthen

• Increase in heart wall sizeIncrease in heart wall size

• Resting stroke volume increasesResting stroke volume increases

• Resting Cardiac output increasesResting Cardiac output increases

• Resting heart rate decreasesResting heart rate decreases

• Recovery rate is reducedRecovery rate is reduced

• Decrease in blood pressureDecrease in blood pressure

• RespiratoryRespiratory

• Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient- increased Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient- increased ability to carry O2ability to carry O2

• Muscle fatigue happens laterMuscle fatigue happens later

• Vital capacity is increased Vital capacity is increased

• Capillarisation of alveoliCapillarisation of alveoli

Long term effects Long term effects • Muscles strength is increased – Muscles strength is increased –

Hypertrophy= Increase in muscle size Hypertrophy= Increase in muscle size because of exercisebecause of exercise

Atrophy= Reduction in muscle size Atrophy= Reduction in muscle size because of lack of exercisebecause of lack of exercise

• Muscular endurance is increasedMuscular endurance is increased

• Increased tolerance of lactic acidIncreased tolerance of lactic acid

• Body fat % is reducedBody fat % is reduced

• Reduced likelihood of respiratory problemsReduced likelihood of respiratory problems

• Reduced likelihood of heart diseaseReduced likelihood of heart disease

• Increase in tendon ligament and bone strength.Increase in tendon ligament and bone strength.