Long ago, before computers; before DVD players; long before airplanes or cars,…

…there were adventurous people who wanted to see new things!!

These adventurous people were known as

An explorer is a person who travels, seeking new discoveries.

Explorers!!

AIMAIM What drives Europeans to want to explore? What drives Europeans to want to explore?

Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are Pretend you are an explorer in the 1400’s. You are asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. asked to explore a completely UNKNOWN island. You do not know what lives there, how to get there You do not know what lives there, how to get there (exactly) or how long you will be there.(exactly) or how long you will be there.

What will you do? What will you do? What rewards (besides jewels) might come What rewards (besides jewels) might come from exploring the sea?from exploring the sea? What risks might you entail by embarking on What risks might you entail by embarking on such an unknown journey?such an unknown journey?

Motives in the Age of Motives in the Age of ExplorationExploration

Attracted to East for silks and spicesAttracted to East for silks and spices

Difficult to trade with Islamic empiresDifficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks

desire for wealth and adventuredesire for wealth and adventure

religious zeal- save soulsreligious zeal- save souls

SummarySummary Gold, Glory and GodGold, Glory and God

FOR GOLD, GOD, and GLORY! GOLD! (WEALTH! )

New spices in Europe (introduced during the Crusades) = demand for the spices.

Europeans wanted to cut out the middle man !

Europeans try to find new trade routes because they want new sources of wealth.

Italianssell it

to Europe for

MORE $$$

Europe buys it for a

higher price

Muslims sold Spices to Italians

for lots of $

GLORY !

• BEING “The FIRST!”• First to: Find an spice?

Find a area? Create a trading port?

Control a COUNTRY!?

TECHNOLOGY HELPS !TECHNOLOGY HELPS !

The introduction of the Caravel made The introduction of the Caravel made travel easier !travel easier !– 65 feet long = more space for food/ppl.65 feet long = more space for food/ppl.– Able to explore Able to explore

close to shore.close to shore.- Larger sails for Larger sails for

easier movement easier movement

and power!and power!

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

Improvements in Navigation

• Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass

• better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon

• use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars

• knowledge of wind patterns• First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then

Spanish, France and England

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

Christopher Christopher Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Christopher Christopher Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Columbus

• Sailed west to Indies• Landed on the

Bahamas• Sailed for Spain

(King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration

Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration

Magellan

• Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean

• Sailed through “straits of Magellan”

• Died in Philippines• Crew lst to

circumnavigate the world

Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First

Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc

Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First

Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc

Cabot

• Sailed for England• Landed on coast of

New-found land• Gave England claim

to North America

Ponce de Leon

• 1st to land on the mainland of North America

• Looking for “fountain of youth”

• Established St. Augustine, Florida

De Soto

• Sailed for Spain• Explored Mississippi

River – Present-day Oklahoma

Coronado

• Looking for fabled seven cities of gold

• Explored present-day Arizona and New Mexico

Cortes

• Spanish Conquistador

• Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma

Balboa

• Spanish Explorer• Claimed Pacific

Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain

Pizzaro

• Conquered the Inca Empire

Vespucci

• Amerigo Vespucci• America was named

after him

Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations

Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”

Impact on World by European Contact

• Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly.

• In the Americas – More intermarriage by Spanish

/Portuguese and French– Disease was devastating. Measles,

influenza, smallpox– Violence common p 311