LOGO Trần Văn Thái-DH8D. Company name CONTENTS I.THREE MAIN MISTAKES IN WRITING...

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Trần Văn Thái-DH8D

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www.themegallery.com

CONTENTS

I. THREE MAIN MISTAKES IN WRITING1. Vietnamese-English translation2. Grammar3. Styles

II. GUIDELINES

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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Translating word by word from Vietnamese into English (using bilingual dictionary)This causes grammar and

vocabulary mistakesReaders cannot understand

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1. He is difficult.Difficult unsociable (strict)

2. We took a bath in the sea when we went to Ha Tien Beach.

Took a bath swam

EXAMPLES OF WORD BY WORD TRANSLATION

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Wrong verb tenses Misuse of confusing structures Adjective order Position of adverbs Run-on sentences Fragment sentences Subject-verb agreement Using articles

COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES

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EX: Before the Second Word War Einstein has discovered his

famous formula E=MC2

Has discovered had discovered

TENSES OF VERB

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CONFUSING STRUCTURES

EX: “USE TO” / “TO BE USE TO”- Men are used to believing in their

superiority over women- Men used to believe in their

superiority over women

Writers misuse grammar structures that have similar forms but different

meanings

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ADJECTIVE ORDERA large old oval painting

5. COLOR (green/black/red)

A small square black and white photograph

6. WHERE FROM (French/Russia/Vietnamese)An ugly modern American car

7. MATERIAL MADE OF (silver/paper/plastic)

A pink Japanese silk blouse

1. OPINION(enjoyable/horrible/boring)

An enjoyable film

2. DIMENSION (SIZE)(large/tiny/heavy)

A disgusting little insect

3. AGE(old/young/modern)

A beautiful tall young woman

4. SHAPE(round/square/rectangular)

NOTE: do not use more than three adjectives before a noun

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ADVERB ORDER

1. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of TIMZI go for a walk round the park every

day2. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER

+ Adv. of TIMEI go for a walk round the park very

slowly every day3.Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER + Adv. of FREQUENCY + Adv. TIME

I go for a walk round the park very slowly twice every day

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FRAGMENTSWrong: He was very happy. Because he had passed

the examRight: He was very happy because he…SPLITTING OF INFINITIVESPoor: I told him to carefully drive on slippery street.Better: I told him to drive carefully on slippery street.PLURAL / SINGULAR NOUNSWrong: If a pupil studies hard, they will pass the

examRight: If a pupil studies hard, he or she will pass the

exam Or If pupils study hard, they will pass the exam

COMMON MISTAKES IN SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION

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MISTAKES OF WRITING STYLES

1. Formal Informal writing style

2. Directness

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Express your ideas clearly Write good sentences which

show UnityCoherenceEmphasis

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Use sentence patterns Think in english as much as possible Reduce the use bilingual dictionary Write drafts Check & correct mistakes

VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION

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Organise your ideas carefully Learn and practice grammar structures “Do not write over three lines each sentence!” Read a lot Writing journalWriting journal

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GUIDELINES

1. VARY SENTENCE LENGTH AND PATTERNSEX: I have a little brother. His name is Tom. He’s now in the eighth form. His fovourite subject at school is English.

I have a little brother whose name is Tom. He is now in the eighth form and his favourite subject is English.

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GUIDELINES

2. USE COORDINATION, COMPOUNDING, SUBORDINATION, REDUCTION…

EX: Poor: He is not a good pupil. He passed the examination successfully.Better: He is not a good pupil, but he passed the examination successfully.Weak: He got good marks in the exam. His parents rewarded him.Clear: His parent rewarded him when he got good mark in the exam.

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On-line resources for writersOn-line resources for writers

http:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.htmlhttp:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.html http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/

adds.htmladds.htmlhttp://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/ http://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/

writersguide/writersguide/Essay/ EssaysTOC. htmlEssay/ EssaysTOC. html http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/ http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/

html/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhtml/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhttp://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/ http://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/

Writing/Writing/

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LOGOwww.themegallery.com

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT

STUDY THE CORRECT SPELLING OF A NEW WORD CAREFULLYLOOK AT IT ATTENTIVELYPRONOUNCE IT ALOUDSYLLABLE BY SYLLABLETRY TO SEE THE PRINTED WORD IN

YOUR MIND

ALLOW YOURSELF TO CHECK THE SPEELING THAT YOU ARE UNSURE.

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT MASTER A LIST OF MISSPELLED

WORDS

INCORRECT SPELLING

CORRECT SPEELING

POINTS TO REMEMBER

alwrite all right right (wrong)

comparision comparison son (father)

adress address two ‘d’s

Practice writing these troublesome words several times.

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT

MASTER THE RULES OF SPELLING. IN SPITE OF EXEPTIONS, THOSE RULES ARE TRUE

MOST OF THE TIME1.THE FINAL “Y” RULE2.THE FINAL “E” RULE

3.RULE FOR DOUBLING A FINAL CONSONANT

4.RULES FOR FORMING PLURALS5.THE IE-EI RULE

1

The final "y" rule

ending in consonant + "y"

change "y""i"+

suffix

study + ous = studious

Note: suffix -ingkeep

"y"+suffix

study + ing = studying

2

The final "e" rule

suffix begins with a vowel

drop "e"+suffi

x

write + ing = writing

suffix begins with a

consonant

keep "e"+suffi

x

use + less = useless

3

Doubling a final

consonant

only one syllable

drop+ing=dropping

stressed on the last syllable

double the final

big+est=biggest

ending in "vowel+consona

nt"

consonant+

suffix

admit+ing=admitting

suffix starts with a vowel

refer+ed=referred

4

Rule for Forming Plurals

in general add -sroadroads

ending in -s, -ss, -z, -sh, -ch

add -esdishdished

ending in consonant+"y

"

change "y""i"+"-

es"

skyskies

ending in vowel+"y"

keep "y"+"-s"

monkeymonkeys

ending in "f" change

"f""v"+"-es"

leafleaves

ending in "o" add "-es"tomatotomatoes

Note:

musical terms (solo, piano,

alto) add "-s"

solosolospianopian

os

ending in vowel+"o"

radioradios

combined words or

hyphenated compounds

add "-s"

mother-in-law

mothers-in-law

special plurals

manmentoothteethsheepshee

p

5

The ie-ei rule

”i” and ”e” (same

syllable)

pronounced /i/write “ie”

niecechief

not pronounce

/i/ write “ei”

eightheight

AGE HEIGHT BUILD EYES COMPLEXI-ON (skin)

Old

Young

In his/her

30’s

Middle aged

…

1,70m

Average height

Tall

Shortish

Medium height

…

Fat

Thin

Slim

Plump

Stout

Chubby

…

Blue

Brown

Dark

Black

Hazel

…

Black

Brown

White

Ruddy

Olive-skinned

…

HAIRCOLOR, HAIRSTYLE, FACE, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES, PERSONALITY, DRESS, ACCESSORIES,

MOOD/FEEL, HOBBIES, FAMILY BACKGROUND…

DISCRIBING PEOPLE

PERSONALITYaggressive

amusing

calmneat fashionable shy

talkative

refinedoptimistic

pessimisticmousey

reliableelegant “spunky”

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