LOGO

Open Source Software

3 May 2006OSS Roadshow 2006

Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman

(OSS)

Software?

"What was first: software or hardware"

A very simple answer is: The first computers that were built, represented in the same time the software as well as the hardware

Software?

A simple question:"What is software?"

A very simple answer is: Hardware you can touch, software you can't. But that is too simple indeed.

But when talking about software you talk about programming and programming languages. But about producing and selling the products made by programming (languages) as well.

Sejarah OSS?

60an ~ 70an Perisian “Free”

- Perkakasan mahal, susah digunakan & terhad

- Komputer hanya di Jabatan/Agensi Kerajaan, Pertahanan, Pendidikan, Research, Kewangan

- 1977 CEO DEC “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer at his home”

1969 Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie cipta “Unix” AT&T

- anti-monopoly AT&T tidak dibenarkan menjalankan perniagaan luar bidang

- UC, Berkeley mendapat kebenaran menggunakan Unix dengan BSD Unix

- Lesen BSD (one of original “open source license”)

Sejarah OSS?

PC (awal 70an- akhir 80an)

PC (awal 70an - akhir 80an)

Free Software Foundation (FSF)

Free is Freedom

program “free”?

copyleft, copyright, GNU GPL

Free Software Foundation (FSF)

-You have the freedom to run the program, for any purpose-You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, since making changes in a program without having the source code is exceedingly difficult)-You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a free-You have the freedom to distribute versions of the program, so that the community can benefit from your improvements

“Free software is the matter of liberty, not price” RMS

The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "copyleft".(1)

Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its usual

purpose: instead of a means of privatizing software, it becomes a means of

keeping software free.

For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This ensures

that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is

published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to

improve GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from

saying, "You can't share those changes, because we are going to use them to

make our proprietary version of the program."

Free Software Foundation (FSF)

- 4 Kebebasan (run, study, redistribute,improvement)

- menggunakan Copyright Law sedia ada

- pertolongan Prof. Eben Moglen (Prof. Undang2 Columbia University)

General Public License (GPL)

- 1991 pelajar Finland Linus Benedict Torvalds, PC386, Linux Kernel 0.01 Sept 1991

- Professor Tannenbaum, author of Minix

Andrew Tanenbaum created Minix at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (1987). An abridged 12,000 lines of source code of the kernel, memory manager, and file system are printed in the book. Minix is written mostly in the C programming language.

Free Software (Linux)

The Linux Trademark suit (1996-1997)

Though this has been tried again in other countries, the definitive case over the

trademark on "Linux" happened after an individual named William R Della

Croce, Jr of Massachusetts fraudulently trademarked the name "Linux",

claiming he had made the first use of the name in 1994. Nobody noticed until he

sent threatening letters to WGS of Aurora, CO (Linux Mall), Yggdrasil of San

Jose, CA (first maker of a Linux distribution on CD) and others.

The Linux community provided ample evidence that this was not true.

The resulting lawsuit was settled with the trademark being assigned to Linus

Torvalds.

Free Software (Linux)

* 1972 - B was rewritten and named C by Richie

* 1975 - Bourne shell released

* 1977 - BSD was released

* 1984 - GNU Project started

* 1985 - Free Software Foundation was founded

* 1989 - GNU GPL Version 1

* 1991 - Linux Release Version 0.0.1

* Sept. 1991 - Linux 0.01 released

Source indented to be read not run

* Oct. 1991 - Linux 0.02 released

First usable Linux

* Dec. 1992 - Linux 0.11 released

First self hosted

Sept. 1992 - Linux stopped being "Minix like" and became "Unix like"

Free Software (Linux)

# Slackware, the first Linux distro was first announced around April 1993, Patrick Volkerding (Slackware Project Lead)

# Debian, Founded in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, Sponsored by the FSF's GNU project from Nov. 1993 until Nov. 1994

# RedHat, July 1994 - First preview release, October 1996 - x86, Alpha and SPARC supported

# * May 1996 - Tux becomes the Linux Mascot

* 1997 - Netscape becomes open source

Free Software (Linux)

Open Source Software

Apa itu OSS?

- Singkatan kepada Open Source Software

- Linux,FreeBSD,NetBSD adalah OS/kernel dibawah OSS

- Dilesenkan di bawah GPL

- Linux adalah OSS yang paling popular dan ramai developer.

OSS Licence

Apa itu LINUX?

- Linux merupakan satu kernel

- Dicipta oleh Linus Torvald

- Dilesenkan di bawah GPL

- Percuma dan bebas

- Wujud dalam pelbagai Distro(edaran)

- GNU/Linux

- GNU bermaksud “GNU's Not Unix”

- GNU merupakan satu sistem operasi unix-like

- GNU/Linux merupakan sistem operasi GNU yang menggunakan Linux sebagai kernel

- GNU dibangunkan dibawah Free Software Foundation

Apa itu GNU/LINUX?

Linux Popular?

- Pengguna UNIX

- MS Windows 3.0 tidak sempurna

- Minix tidak sempurna “Free”

- GNU General Public License

- Kawalan dan kreativiti

Apa itu Distribution Linux?

- Distribution Linux bermaksud edaran untuk sistem operasi GNU/Linux

- Distribution Linux merangkumi kernel Linux dan aplikasi tambahan untuk menjadi sistem operasi

- Terdapat lebih dari 1000 Distribution Linux

- Antara yang popular ialah SuSE, Slackware,Debian,Fedora,Ubuntu dll

SkyOShttp://www.skyos.org/

Free OS?

PC BSDhttp://www.pcbsd.org/

Atheoshttp://www.atheos.cx/

FreeDOShttp://www.freedos.org/

Minixhttp://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html

FreeBSDhttp://www.freebsd.org/

FreeDOS32http://freedos-32.sourceforge.net/

Perisian “Free”

- 1986 XFree86

- 1995 Apache Web Server

- 1996 KDE

- 1997 GNOME

- 1998 Mozilla

i. Freshmeatii. SourceForgeiii. Open Source Directory – OSDir.com iv. BerliOSv. Bioinformatics.org

Sumber OSS

Sumber atau tempat yang boleh perolehi Open Source Software

Open Source membenarkan sumber nya dicapai oleh pihak awam dengan penggunaan lesen tertentu biasanya GPL secara percuma.

Commercial Source & Close Source jarang sekali atau tidak langsung membenarkan sumbernya dicapai oleh pihak awam atau membenarkan perkara yang sama tetapi nilai harga yang agak tinggi dengan lesen yang tertentu.

“Open Source” & “Commercial Source” & “Close Source”

1. FreeBSD2. DragonFly BSD 3. NetBSD4. OpenBSD

Versi BSD

SUN telah memberikan suatu program nya kepada OS dengan OpenSolaris iatu Open Source OS. 4 Versi BSD yang telah popular ;

Open Source non-Unix-like

1. ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.)

2. FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant) 3. Haiku (an open source BeOS reimplementation -

still under development)

Terdapat juga OS yang bukan berasaskan Unix tetapi masih Open Source masakini

Akhirnya, berkemungkinan, suatu hari nanti, jauh dihadapan, masa akan datang KESEMUA perisian akan FREE atau OPEN SOURCE maka pengunaan nya akan lebih bijak, efektif serta menjimatkan dan juga pembangunan perisian akan lebih “normal”.

Kesimpulan

Q & A