LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science...
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![Page 1: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LOGO
Chemistry of Carbon
Building Blocks of Life
2007-2008
Lynn English High School ScienceBiology/Ms. Mezzetti
Modified version from Explore Biology.com
![Page 2: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why study Carbon?
All of life is built on carbon Cells
~72% H2O
~25% carbon compounds• carbohydrates• lipids• proteins • nucleic acids
~3% salts • Na, Cl, K…
![Page 3: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemistry of Life
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds
C atoms are versatile building blocks Can form 4 bonds with itself or other
elements Can form single, double or triple bonds
HHC
H
H
![Page 4: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Isomers
Molecules with same molecular formula but different structures (shapes) different chemical properties different biological functions
6 carbons
6 carbons
6 carbons
![Page 5: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Form affects function
Thalidomide prescribed to pregnant women in 50s & 60s reduced morning sickness, but… stereoisomer caused severe birth defects
![Page 6: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Functional groups
Parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions
give organic molecules distinctive properties Affect reactivity
makes hydrocarbons hydrophilic
increase solubility in water
![Page 7: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
LOGO
Macromolecules
Building Blocksof Life
2007-2008
![Page 8: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Macromolecules
Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules macromolecules
4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
![Page 9: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
H2O
HO
HO H
H HHO
Polymers
Long molecules built by linking repeating building blocks in a chain monomers
• building blocks• repeated small units
Held together with covalent bonds
Dehydration synthesis
Removes water to build larger molecules
![Page 10: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
H2O
HO
HO H
H HHO
How to build a polymer
Dehydration Synthesis/ Condensation Reaction joins monomers by “taking” H2O out
• one monomer donates OH–
• other monomer donates H+ • together these form H2O
requires energy & enzymes
enzymeDehydration synthesis
Condensation reaction
![Page 11: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
H2O
HO H
HO H HO H
How to break down a polymer
Hydrolysis/Digestion use H2O to breakdown polymers
• reverse of dehydration synthesis• breaks off one monomer at a time
• H2O is split into H+ and OH–
– H+ & OH– attach to ends
requires enzymes releases energy
Hydrolysis
Digestion
enzymeAdds water to
breakdown polymers
![Page 12: LOGO Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Lynn English High School Science Biology/Ms. Mezzetti Modified version from Explore Biology.com.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e585503460f94b518b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Review
Organic compounds contain _________? Carbon is unique because 1. --- 2.--- Name the 4 major macromolecules What is a monomer? What is a polymer? How do polymers form? How do macromolecules digest (break)?