Logging in the Brazilian Amazon and Enforcement of Forest Laws
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Transcript of Logging in the Brazilian Amazon and Enforcement of Forest Laws
Logging in the Brazilian Amazon and Enforcement
of Forest LawsBrenda Brito
Assistant Researcher and Vice-Executive Director of Imazon
Illegal Logging Update and Stakeholder ConsultationLondon - January 20th, 2006
o Timber processing centers (2004): 82
o Timber Production (2004): 24.5 millions m3
Logging frontiers and timber production
Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)
Increase of Brazilian Amazon timber exportation
14%
36%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1998 2004
Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2003; Lentini et al, 2005)
Source: Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and International Trade, 2005
EU = 32%
31%
12% 11%7%
5% 5% 4%
25%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
USA China France Holland UnitedKingdom
Belgium Spain Others
Major importers of timber from the Brazilian Amazon
Brazilian Government initiatives against illegal logging and deforestation
Environmental Crimes Law (1998)
Increasing number of fines against violators
Creation of protected areas: 12% of the Amazon
Police investigation against bribery and corruption (2004...)
Enforcement is still weak
~ 43% of illegal timber in 2004 14 million m3 authorized 24,5 million m3 logged
But probably it is much higher due to poor control on legal operations
Sources: Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency (Ibama, 2005) and Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)
Few criminal cases completed
Source: Brito et al, 2005
78%
22%0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Violators not found orprocedural problems
Completed or complying withthe terms of the negotiated
agreement
Few administrative fines collected
Source: Brito et al, in preparation
9%2%
15%
74%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Defense Acquitted Finescollected
Fines notcollected
Problems for effective enforcement
Lack of human and financial resources
Poor communication among public officials
Insuficient laws to force payment of fines
Lack of transparency
Poor performance of Courts
Other alternatives: market pressure is growing, but it is
still very small
0,09 0,09 0,090,27 0,29
0,430,54
1,68 1,69
00,2
0,40,6
0,81
1,21,4
1,61,8
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 May2005
Millions of hectares
Source: FSC Brazil, 2005
68%
11% 10%5% 2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Quality Price Legality Deadline Certification
FSC certified area in the Brazilian Amazon
Legality is a minor requirement of importers
Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)
Conclusion Timber exporting is increasing
International market demand for legality is small
Brazilian Government solutions are not enough
FLEGT