Log into PAL
description
Transcript of Log into PAL
![Page 1: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Log into PAL
Have you taken the latest quiz?When is your next paper due?
If you are not sure, you need to
![Page 2: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Plasma Membrane: the bouncer(controls who gets in and who leaves)
• The plasma membrane– phospholipid bilayer– embedded proteins (some are Transport Proteins)
• Transport proteins– big enough to completely cross the plasma membrane – How materials can enter or leave cells– Some transport proteins need energy (ATP) to work
![Page 3: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plasma Membrane: the bouncer(controls who gets in and who leaves)
plasma membrane is selectively permeable – Only lets some substances to enter or leave cell– Keeps inside of cell different from outside
![Page 4: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Transport
• Passive transport – no energy needed• Active transport – needs energy (ATP)
– Putting molecules into a concentrated area
Subway example
![Page 5: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Diffusion: passive transport
• Stuff moves from concentrated (crowded) area to one that is less crowded with same kind of stuff
• Diffusion stops if you reach equilibrium (same inside and out
• Small things diffuse faster than larger substances• Heat increases the rate of diffusion• Bigger difference = faster diffusion
![Page 7: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Speed of Diffusion
• Small things diffuse faster than big ones
• Bigger difference = faster diffusion
• Heat increases the rate of diffusionWhy? (hot molecules move faster)
![Page 9: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Simple Diffusion (don’t need transport proteins)
• Some small stuff goes straight through the Phospholipid Bilayer – Doesn’t need transport protein– Examples: H2O, O2, CO2
• hydrophobic molecules also go through – Why (middle of membrane is
hydrophobic)– Oil/water
![Page 10: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Osmosis: movement of water
• Osmosis: A special name for diffusion of water• “Water wants to dilute stuff”
No exception!!!!
• Osmosis: water moves. Solute does not
![Page 11: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Osmosis• hypotonic solution:
– Less concentrated than inside of cell– Water flows into cell (wants to dilute)
• hypertonic solution has a higher solute – More concentrated than inside of cell– Water flows out of cell (wants to dilute)
• isotonic solution has an equal concentration of – Same inside and out– Water doesn’t move (no way to dilute)
![Page 12: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Turgor Pressure
![Page 14: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Facilitated Diffusion• passive (no ATP) movement of stuff that can’t
cross lipids
• Hydrophilic – needs transport protein– Channel proteins– Carrier proteins
![Page 16: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Passive Transport: Channel Proteins
• “facilitated diffusion”
• No energy (ATP) used
• Limit stuff by size and charge
![Page 17: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Passive Transport: Carrier Proteins• “facilitated diffusion”
• Moves specific proteins
• high low concentration
• No energy (ATP) needed– (molecules want to move)
![Page 18: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Active Transport(Active Carrier Proteins)
• Moves specific proteins
• low high concentration
• Requires energy (ATP)
• Like subway pushers
![Page 20: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Exocytosis: getting stuff out• Exocytosis = Exo(“outside”) + Cyto(“Cell”)
• Exocytosis: stuff Exits Cell• Transport vesicles fuse to plasma
membrane
• Spill contents outside cell
![Page 24: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Endocytosis: three names• Pinocytosis (“cells drink”)
– take in fluid and small stuff– nonspecific – takes in everything in the area
• phagocytosis (“cells eat”) take in big stuff– bacteria or viruses
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis – Only takes in stuff that fits receptor
![Page 26: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Small particles and fluid
Stuff that fits the receptor protein
Big stuff
![Page 27: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Review and Concept Questions
![Page 28: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The main difference between active and passive transport is
A. Passive transport goes up a concentration gradient.
B. Active transport goes down a concentration gradient.
C. Active transport requires energy.
D. Passive transport requires energy.
Concept Quiz
![Page 29: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Concept Quiz__________ involves the ingestion of specific molecules by the membraneA. Endocytosis B. PinocytosisC. ExocytosisD. Receptor‑mediated endocytosis
![Page 30: Log into PAL](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56815f3a550346895dce0947/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Free Biology Tutoring
Not Happy with your grade?Not understanding the material?Remember that the TLCC has