Loddon Mallee region health status Summary profile

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Published by the Modelling, GIS and Planning Products Unit

Victorian Government Department of Health, Melbourne Victoria. December 2010

© Copyright State of Victoria, 2010

This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.

Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne.

Contents

Key demographic trends 1

Population projections 1 Table 1: Current and projected resident population, 2009 and 2022 1 Table 2: Current and projected resident population aged 65 years and over, 2009 and 2022 1 Figure 1: Percentage change in resident population from 2009 to 2022, Loddon Mallee region, by LGA 2

How healthy are Loddon Mallee residents? 3

Health outcomes 3 Table 3: Life expectancy at birth in Victoria, 2007 3 Table 4: Life expectancy at birth in Loddon Mallee region LGAs, 2007 4 Table 5: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 1,000 population 4 Table 6: Years Life Lost (YLL) rate per 1,000 population 5

Behavioural determinants 6

Body Weight Status 6 Table 7: Body weight status, by sex and LGA, Loddon Mallee region, 2008 6

Fruit and vegetable intake 7 Table 8: Daily vegetable consumption, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 7 Table 9: Daily fruit consumption, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 8 Table 10: Not meeting guidelines for consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 9

Smoking 10 Table 11: Smoking status, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 10

Physical activity 11 Table 12: Physical activity levels, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 11 Table 13: No days of incidental physical activity, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 12

Alcohol consumption 13 Table 14: Frequency of drinking alcohol at above short-term risk levels, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008# 13 Table 15: Did not consume alcohol at above long-term risk, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008# 14

Cancer screening 15 Table 16: Had a test to detect bowel cancer in the past two years, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 15 Table 17: Had a Pap smear in the past two years, females aged 20-69 years, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 16 Table 18: Had a mammogram in the past two years, females aged 50-69 years, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 17

Major causes of disease and illness 18

Table 19: DALYs by Major Disease Category for Loddon Mallee region, 2001 18 Figure 2: Burden of disease (DALYs) attributable to risk factors in Loddon Mallee region compared to Victoria, 2001 19

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Health sector performance 20

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions 20 Table 20: Total ACSC, acute ACSC and chronic ACSC admission numbers, rates and average bed days, Victoria 2008-09 20 Table 21: Top ten ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008-09 21

Immunisation rates 22

Table 22: Proportion of children fully immunised, by age and region in Victoria, September 2010 22 Table 23: Proportion of children fully immunised, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, September 2010 22 Figure 3: Year 10 secondary school Boostrix percentage coverage rate by LGAs, 2009 23

How strong are Loddon Mallee communities? 24

Social, economic and environmental determinants of health 24 Table 24: Proportion of unemployed persons, Victoria by region, 2009-10 24 Table 25: Proportion of unemployed persons, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2009-10 24 Table 26: Indicators of income and socio-economic status, Loddon Mallee region by LGA 25 Table 27: Recorded family incident reports, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2009-10 25 Table 28: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2006 26 Table 28 continued: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2006 27

Reference 28

1

Key demographic trends

Population projections

Table 1: Current and projected resident population, 2009 and 2022 LGA 2009 2022 % changeBuloke (S) 7,078 6,224 -12.1Campaspe (S) 38,790 41,663 7.4Central Goldfields (S) 12,899 13,311 3.2Gannawarra (S) 11,665 11,018 -5.5Greater Bendigo (C) 102,373 127,812 24.8Loddon (S) 8,079 7,794 -3.5Macedon Ranges (S) 42,015 50,745 20.8Mildura (RC) 53,877 54,960 2.0Mount Alexander (S) 18,293 21,737 18.8Swan Hill (RC) 22,116 21,977 -0.6Loddon Mallee 317,185 357,242 12.6Victoria 5,443,228 6,409,575 17.8Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics [1] and Department of Planning and Community Development [2]

Table 2: Current and projected resident population aged 65 years and over, 2009 and 2022 LGA 2009 2022 % changeBuloke (S) 1,621 2,005 23.7Campaspe (S) 6,870 9,575 39.4Central Goldfields (S) 3,063 4,275 39.6Gannawarra (S) 2,418 3,061 26.6Greater Bendigo (C) 15,051 23,411 55.5Loddon (S) 1,749 2,161 23.6Macedon Ranges (S) 4,948 9,149 84.9Mildura (RC) 7,876 10,791 37.0Mount Alexander (S) 3,431 5,483 59.8Swan Hill (RC) 3,429 4,531 32.1Loddon Mallee 50,456 74,441 47.5Victoria 738,131 1,072,540 45.3Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics [1] and Department of Planning and Community Development [2]

Figure 1: Percentage change in resident population from 2009 to 2022, Loddon Mallee region, by LGA

-12.1

7.43.2

-5.5

24.8

-3.5

20.8

2.0

18.8

-0.6

23.7

39.4 39.6

26.6

55.5

23.6

84.9

37.0

59.8

32.1

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Buloke

(S)

Campaspe (

S)

Central

Goldfie

lds (S

)

Ganna

warra (S

)

Greater B

endigo

(C)

Lodd

on (S

)

Maced

on R

ange

s (S)

Mildura

(RC)

Mount A

lexande

r (S)

Swan H

ill (RC)

Perc

enta

ge

All ages 65+

In percentage terms, the largest increase in population in Loddon Mallee region is expected to be in the City of Greater Bendigo. The population of Greater Bendigo is projected to increase by 24.8 per cent from 2009 to 2022. The population aged 65 years and over, is projected to increase by 84.9 per cent in the Shire of Macedon Ranges, from 2009 to 2022. The second highest increase in aged population is 59.8 per cent in the Shire of Mount Alexander.

A reduction in overall population numbers is expected for four local government areas – Shire of Buloke, Shire of Gannawarra, Shire of Loddon and the Rural City of Swan Hill.

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How healthy are Loddon Mallee residents?

On a range of indicators people who live in Loddon Mallee are less healthy than people who live in Melbourne or many other parts of Victoria. Presented below are available data on health outcomes, behavioural determinants of health and indicators of performance of the health system.

Health outcomes On a range of indicators of health status, residents of the Loddon Mallee DH region have poorer health than Victorian averages.

Reported here are data on life expectancy and burden of disease.

People living in the Loddon Mallee region have lower life expectancies than people living in Melbourne metropolitan regions. Males are expected to live 1.7 years less than the Victorian life expectancy of 80.3 years. Females are expected to live 1.0 years less than Victorian women who have a life expectancy of 84.4 years.

Table 3: Life expectancy at birth in Victoria, 2007 Males Females

Region LE Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI Sig∗

LE Lower

95% CI Upper

95% CI Sig∗

Barwon-S/W 79.4 78.7 80.0 L 84.0 83.4 84.5 Eastern 82.0 81.6 82.4 H 85.4 85.1 85.7 H Gippsland 78.1 77.3 78.9 L 84.0 83.3 84.7 Grampians 79.1 78.2 79.9 L 83.6 82.9 84.4 Hume 79.3 78.5 80.1 L 84.1 83.4 84.8 Loddon Mallee 78.6 77.9 79.4 L 83.4 82.8 84.1 L North and West 80.0 79.7 80.3 84.2 83.9 84.5 Southern 80.8 80.4 81.1 84.5 84.2 84.8 Victoria 80.3 80.1 80.5 84.4 84.2 84.6 LE = life expectancy, CI = confidence interval, Sig = significance (see footnotes) Source: Department of Health, 2010 [3]

∗ H= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly higher than the Victorian average L= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly lower than the Victorian average

Average life expectancy also varies within the Loddon Mallee region with the lowest life expectancy experienced by residents of the Shire of Loddon for males and Central Goldfields for females, followed by the Shire of Buloke for males and Campaspe and Mildura for females.

Table 4: Life expectancy at birth in Loddon Mallee region LGAs, 2007 Males Females

LGA LE Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI Sig∗

LE Lower Upper ∗Sig95% CI 95% CI

Buloke (S) 74.8 79.0 L 82.0 85.6 76.9 83.8Campaspe (S) 78.5 80.4 82.0 83.6 L 79.5 82.8Central Goldfields (S) 75.9 79.1 L 80.8 83.6 L 77.5 82.2Gannawarra (S) 76.9 80.1 83.3 86.0 78.5 84.6Greater Bendigo (C) 78.1 79.2 L 83.1 84.1 L 78.7 83.6Loddon (S) 72.7 78.0 L 81.2 84.8 75.3 83.0Macedon Ranges (S) 79.0 80.7 83.9 85.7 79.8 84.8Mildura (RC) 76.7 78.3 L 82.1 83.6 L 77.5 82.8Mount Alexander (S) 77.6 80.2 82.4 84.8 78.9 83.6Swan Hill (RC) 76.1 78.5 L 82.5 85.0 77.3 83.7Loddon Mallee 78.6 77.9 79.4 L 83.4 82.8 84.1 L Victoria 80.3 80.1 80.5 84.4 84.2 84.6 Source: Life expectancy at birth: Victoria 2003-20072

Residents of the Loddon Mallee region have a higher rate of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost due to all causes when compared with Victorian rates for males and females.

Table 5: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 1,000 population Region Males Females

158.8 140.5 Gippsland (highest) 155.2 137.1 Grampians 154.8 136.3 Loddon Mallee 153.4 135.0 Hume 144.8 128.5 Barwon-South Western 142.8 128.3 Western metropolitan 142.7 128.2 Northern metropolitan 138.0 126.3 Southern metropolitan 135.3 124.9 Eastern metropolitan (lowest) 143.0 129.1 Victoria

Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of Disease [4]

∗ L= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly lower than the Victorian average

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Residents of the Loddon Mallee region have the third highest rates of Years of Life lost due to all causes. The rates for Loddon Mallee males and females are significantly higher than for Victoria.

Table 6: Years Life Lost (YLL) rate per 1,000 population Males Females

Region Rate Status indicator∗

Rate Status indicator∗

Gippsland (highest) 84.1 H 64.6 H Grampians 82.1 H 63.1 H Loddon Mallee 81.6 H 63.3 H Hume 80.9 H 61.5 H Barwon-South Western 73.1 H 57.8 H Northern metropolitan 70.2 L 55.4 L Western metropolitan 69.1 L 55.8 L Eastern metropolitan 65.9 L 56.5 L Southern metropolitan (lowest) 67.6 L 56.5 L Victoria 71.3 57.7 Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [5]

∗ H= indicates rate higher than the Victorian average, reflecting poor health status L= indicates rate lower than the Victorian average, reflecting better health status

Behavioural determinants

Data on determinants of health can be categorised as behavioural or related to social, economic and environmental conditions. Behavioural determinants are presented here. Those related to social, economic and environmental conditions that are known to impact on health are presented in the section How strong are Loddon Mallee communities?

Body Weight Status 1Table 7: Body weight status , by sex and LGA, Loddon Mallee region, 2008

Males Females Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (≥30.0) Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (≥30.0) LGA

% Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower Upper

95% CI 95% CI 39.9(a)Buloke (S) 31.3 42.9 33.5 46.6 22.8 39.5 12.7 23.3 36.9 30.5 17.4

37.9(a)Campaspe (S) 31.1 49.7 14.9 30.0 31.2 45.1 13.0 21.1 40.0 21.5 16.7 Central Goldfields (S) 24.5 40.6 14.4 31.5 19.0 31.0 16.0 26.2 32.0 21.7 24.5 20.7 Gannawarra (S) 36.9 56.6 8.9 19.5 15.4 25.7 16.8 26.8 46.6 13.3 20.0 21.4 Greater Bendigo (C) 37.7 55.6 13.6 27.4 22.3 32.6 16.5 28.1 46.6 19.6 27.1 21.8 Loddon (S) 37.7 57.3 11.1 21.4 17.9 32.3 15.3 29.6 47.4 15.6 24.4 21.6 Macedon Ranges (S) 32.0 49.2 13.7 29.0 23.6 40.8 13.5 25.1 40.3 20.3 31.6 18.6

29.1(a)Mildura (RC) 31.4 48.9 21.5 38.0 20.9 32.2 16.0 26.6 39.8 26.2 20.8 Mount Alexander (S) 34.8 50.4 11.2 23.4 17.2 28.7 16.3 28.8 42.4 16.4 22.4 21.9 Swan Hill (RC) 38.3 54.5 11.3 28.7 23.6 37.3 16.7 29.7 46.3 18.5 30.0 22.5 Loddon Mallee 42.7 38.7 46.8 21.0 17.9 24.6 27.8(a) 25.4 21.0(a)30.4 18.4 23.7 Victoria 39.9 17.3 24.2 16.1 38.7 41.2 16.4 18.2 23.4 25.1 15.4 16.8 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

1 Determined by calculation of body mass index (BMI).

(a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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Fruit and vegetable intake

Table 8: Daily vegetable consumption, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 per day #Serves

None 1-2 serves 3-4 serves 5 or more serves LGA % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower Upper 95% CI 95% CI

1.9*(b) 1.1 3.2 49.7 61.9 27.7 39.6 5.5 11.6 Buloke (S) 55.9 33.4 8.0 3.0*(b) 1.8 5.0 55.1 66.2 20.7 30.2 7.6 14.6 Campaspe (S) 60.8 25.1 10.6

Central Goldfields (S) 3.0 8.5 44.3 57.6 27.9 40.8 6.5 13.1 5.1* 51.0 34.1 9.3 Gannawarra (S) 5.7 10.9 49.8 60.5 22.9 32.4 6.4 12.0 7.9 55.3 27.4 8.8

12.4(a)Greater Bendigo (C) 4.0 9.8 47.0 58.3 23.7 33.1 9.4 16.1 6.3 52.7 28.1 Loddon (S) 2.7 8.7 51.6 63.3 22.4 32.3 6.3 13.0 4.9* 57.6 27.1 9.1 Macedon Ranges (S) 1.8 5.3 48.0 61.3 26.1 38.9 6.6 13.6 3.1 54.7 32.2 9.6 Mildura (RC) 3.1 8.8 52.3 63.3 23.4 33.1 5.1 10.0 5.2* 57.9 28.0 7.2

2.2*(b) 49.0(b) 38.0(a)1.1 4.3Mount Alexander (S) 42.4 55.5 31.7 44.6 7.7 13.0 10.0 Swan Hill (RC) 3.3 10.7 50.5 63.6 19.3 28.5 6.0 11.5 6.0* 57.2 23.6 8.4 Loddon Mallee 5.1 3.9 6.7 55.2 52.6 57.8 28.7 26.5 9.9(a)30.9 8.6 11.3 Victoria 5.8 56.9 28.2 7.7 5.3 6.2 56.0 57.7 27.4 28.9 7.4 8.2 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

# A serve is half a cup of cooked vegetables or a cup of salad vegetables.

(a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. * Estimate has a relative standard error of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution.

Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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Table 9: Daily fruit consumption, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 ^ per day Serves

None One serve Two or more serves LGA % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower Upper

95% CI 95% CI Buloke (S) 10.4 19.4 31.8 44.3 40.9 53.5 14.4 37.8 47.1

39.3(b)Campaspe (S) 12.9 22.7 37.0 49.2 33.6 45.3 17.3 43.0 22.0(a) 16.8 28.3 24.8 37.4 40.0 53.7 Central Goldfields (S) 30.7 46.8 24.8(a) 34.6(b)19.5 30.9 33.2 45.3Gannawarra (S) 29.6 39.9 39.1

44.1(a) 37.9(b)Greater Bendigo (C) 13.0 22.1 38.4 50.1 32.3 43.9 17.1 Loddon (S) 12.3 21.8 34.0 46.7 35.6 48.2 16.5 40.2 41.8 Macedon Ranges (S) 7.9 17.0 28.1 39.9 47.6 60.9 11.7 33.7 54.3

21.0(a) 16.4 26.5 29.1 40.0 37.9 48.7 Mildura (RC) 34.3 43.2 Mount Alexander (S) 8.4 16.6 26.0 38.5 49.1 61.9 11.9 31.9 55.6

21.8(a) 16.5 28.2 29.0 41.5 36.2 48.1 Swan Hill (RC) 35.0 42.0 Loddon Mallee 17.5(a) 15.4 19.7 38.7 36.1 42.9(b)41.3 40.4 45.6 Victoria 14.3 36.1 48.6 13.7 14.9 35.3 37.0 47.8 49.5 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

^^A serve is one medium piece or two small pieces of fruit, or one cup of diced pieces. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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#Table 10: Not meeting guidelines for consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Did not meet guidelines

Fruit guidelines Vegetable guidelines Either fruit or vegetable guidelines LGA % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower Upper

95% CI 95% CI Buloke (S) 46.7 59.3 86.9 93.2 44.6 57.4 53.1 90.5 51.0

60.3(a) 57.2(a)Campaspe (S) 54.3 66.0 84.7 91.8 51.2 63.0 88.8 Central Goldfields (S) 45.7 59.4 85.8 92.6 42.9 56.6 52.6 89.7 49.8

63.8(a) 60.3(a)Gannawarra (S) 58.2 69.2 85.1 92.1 54.5 65.8 89.1 61.3(a) 86.2(b) 56.1(a)Greater Bendigo (C) 55.4 66.9 82.3 89.3 50.2 61.8

Loddon (S) 50.1 62.8 84.8 91.8 46.4 59.4 56.5 88.8 53.0 Macedon Ranges (S) 39.4 52.6 85.7 92.7 37.3 50.5 46.0 89.7 43.8 Mildura (RC) 48.9 60.1 85.9 92.2 47.5 58.7 54.6 89.5 53.2 Mount Alexander (S) 37.2 50.0 85.7 91.3 34.7 47.4 43.5 88.8 40.9 Swan Hill (RC) 46.5 60.1 80.2 91.3 44.6 58.3 53.4 86.7 51.5 Loddon Mallee 55.8(a) 53.2 58.4 88.2 86.5 52.5(a)89.6 49.9 55.1

50.5 Victoria 90.0 48.2 49.6 51.3 89.5 90.4 47.3 49.1 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

# Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2003). (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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Smoking

‡, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Table 11: Smoking statusCurrent smoker Ex-smoker Non-smoker

LGA % Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower Upper 95% CI 95% CI

Buloke (S) 17.7 29.8 17.0 27.0 47.5 61.0 23.2 21.6 54.4Campaspe (S) 18.6 29.1 18.5 26.7 47.9 59.6 23.4 22.3 53.8Central Goldfields (S) 16.1 28.4 20.2 29.7 46.8 60.1 21.6 24.7 53.5Gannawarra (S) 18.0 29.4 16.3 24.2 50.3 62.6 23.2 20.0 56.5Greater Bendigo (C) 15.2 24.9 21.4 30.3 48.5 60.0 19.6 25.6 54.3Loddon (S) 15.9 25.7 17.5 26.6 51.8 63.1 20.4 21.7 57.6Macedon Ranges (S) 12.8 22.4 17.5 25.8 55.4 67.0 17.1 21.4 61.4Mildura (RC) 14.1 23.3 19.3 27.3 52.6 63.7 18.2 23.1 58.3Mount Alexander (S) 11.1 20.7 21.1 29.9 53.0 64.8 15.3 25.3 59.0Swan Hill (RC) 15.1 24.9 18.8 27.7 51.3 62.9 19.6 22.9 57.2

17.4 21.8 21.8 25.6 53.9 59.0 19.5 23.7 56.4Loddon Mallee 18.4 19.9 23.1 24.4 56.0 57.7 19.1 23.8 56.8Victoria

CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

‡ A person who smokes daily or occasionally was categorised as a current smoker. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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Physical activity

§, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Table 12: Physical activity levelsSedentary Insufficient time and/or sessions Sufficient time and sessions

LGA % Lower 95% CI

Upper95% CI % Lower

95% CIUpper

95% CI % Lower Upper 95% CI 95% CI

Buloke (S) 3.4 9.8 20.7 32.2 54.9 67.2 5.8* 26.0 61.2 Campaspe (S) 3.4 8.7 24.8 36.0 49.8 61.5 5.5 30.1 55.7 Central Goldfields (S) 3.4 12.6 17.2 27.2 55.3 67.9 6.6* 21.7 61.8

52.3(b)Gannawarra (S) 4.7 10.0 21.6 31.2 46.1 58.4 6.9 26.1 Greater Bendigo (C) 3.5 7.5 25.8 37.0 50.8 62.3 5.2 31.1 56.6 Loddon (S) 4.0 8.8 18.4 29.4 54.3 66.6 5.9 23.5 60.6 Macedon Ranges (S) 2.1 5.9 18.4 28.2 58.2 70.2 3.6* 22.9 64.4 Mildura (RC) 3.5 8.3 23.6 32.8 55.0 65.0 5.4 27.9 60.1

19.6(b) 68.2(a)Mount Alexander (S) 2.4 6.4 15.5 24.4 62.5 73.4 3.9 Swan Hill (RC) 3.9 8.6 23.9 34.5 46.7 59.7 5.8 28.9 53.3

4.3 6.1 25.5 30.6 55.5 61.0 5.1 28.0 58.3 Loddon Mallee 4.9 5.6 26.6 28.1 59.5 61.1 5.3 27.4 60.3 Victoria

CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

§ Based on national guidelines (Department of Health and Ageing, 1999) and excludes adults aged less than 19 years. * Estimate has a relative standard error between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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**Table 13: No days of incidental physical activity , Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Buloke (S) 58.4 71.3 65.1

70.4(a)Campaspe (S) 64.6 75.7 Central Goldfields (S) 58.2 72.3 65.6

71.1(a)Gannawarra (S) 64.9 76.6 71.7(a)Greater Bendigo (C) 66.4 76.5 72.0(a)Loddon (S) 65.7 77.5 70.1(a)Macedon Ranges (S) 63.9 75.6 70.1(a)Mildura (RC) 64.4 75.3

Mount Alexander (S) 49.8 61.0 55.5 Swan Hill (RC) 58.9 70.5 64.9

69.4(a) 66.9 71.7 Loddon Mallee Victoria 61.7 60.9 62.6 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

** Incidental physical activity involves physical activity in everyday activities to get from place to place (for example, to school, work, the shops or the train stop). The VPHS 2008 asked respondents about the number of days on which they walked or cycled for transport for trips talking longer than 10 minutes. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

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Alcohol consumption

Table 14: Frequency of drinking alcohol at above short-term risk†† levels, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008# Risky or high risk

Low risk‡‡ At least yearly At least monthly At least weekly Short-term risk§§

LGA %

Lower 95%

CI

Upper95%

CI%

Lower 95%

CI

Upper95%

CI%

Lower 95%

CI

Upper95%

CI%

Lower 95%

CI

Upper95%

CI%

Lower 95%

CI

Upper 95%

CI Buloke (S) 28.1(b) 23.4 33.2 26.3 20.7 32.8 21.0(a) 16.0 26.9 9.5 5.9 15.1 56.8(a) 51.2 62.2 Campaspe (S) 28.3(b) 24.2 32.8 26.8 21.7 32.7 13.0 9.2 18.1 12.6 9.0 17.4 52.5(a) 46.8 58.0 Central Goldfields (S) 30.1 25.2 35.6 22.6 16.9 29.5 13.5 9.3 19.3 13.1 8.9 18.8 49.2 42.9 55.6 Gannawarra (S) 31.7 27.4 36.3 18.4 14.3 23.3 17.3 12.9 22.8 13.9 9.7 19.4 49.5 44.3 54.7 Greater Bendigo (C) 33.1 28.5 38.2 24.9 20.1 30.6 9.8 6.7 14.3 11.6 7.7 17.0 46.3 40.8 52.0 Loddon (S) 31.5 26.6 36.9 22.2 17.3 27.9 12.4 8.3 18.2 12.1 8.4 17.1 46.7 41.0 52.5 Macedon Ranges (S) 34.7 29.6 40.1 25.7 19.9 32.5 12.8 8.9 17.9 10.0 6.4 15.1 48.4 42.0 54.9 Mildura (RC) 27.3(b) 23.0 32.0 22.3 17.7 27.6 18.7(a) 14.1 24.3 15.4(a) 11.6 20.1 56.3(a) 51.3 61.2 Mount Alexander (S) 36.3 30.5 42.6 27.4 21.8 33.8 13.8 9.4 19.9 6.1(b) 3.9 9.5 47.3 41.1 53.6 Swan Hill (RC) 28.3(b) 23.6 33.5 24.1 18.1 31.2 13.5 9.1 19.5 13.1 9.3 18.1 50.7 44.9 56.4 Victoria 36.2 35.5 37.0 22.0 21.3 22.7 13.0 12.4 13.7 10.2 9.7 10.8 45.2 44.4 46.1 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

†† Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2001). ‡‡ Drinkers who consumed alcohol at levels that did not expose them to risk of short-term harm were classified as low risk. §§ Includes those who consumed alcohol at risky or high risk levels weekly, monthly or yearly. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. # Loddon Mallee regional level data is not available. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

***, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008# Table 15: Did not consume alcohol at above long-term riskNot at long-term risk of harm LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI

Buloke (S) 93.4 97.8 96.2Campaspe (S) 93.4 97.4 95.9Central Goldfields (S) 94.4 98.3 96.9Gannawarra (S) 93.2 97.5 95.9Greater Bendigo (C) 94.0 97.6 96.2Loddon (S) 93.4 97.9 96.2Macedon Ranges (S) 93.5 97.9 96.3Mildura (RC) 88.4 95.3 92.6Mount Alexander (S) 94.7 97.8 96.6Swan Hill (RC) 91.1 96.2 94.1Victoria 95.5 95.1 95.9 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

*** Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2001). Includes those who were abstainers (non-drinkers) and those at low risk of long-term harm. # Loddon Mallee regional level data is not available. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

14

Cancer screening

†††, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Table 16: Had a test to detect bowel cancer in the past two yearsLGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Buloke (S) 24.7 35.8 30.0Campaspe (S) 27.7 39.4 33.3Central Goldfields (S) 25.0 36.4 30.4Gannawarra (S) 27.0 39.1 32.8Greater Bendigo (C) 23.7 35.2 29.1Loddon (S) 24.2 35.8 29.7Macedon Ranges (S) 22.3 34.6 28.0Mildura (RC) 29.3 42.9 35.8Mount Alexander (S) 24.7 36.5 30.3Swan Hill (RC) 26.1 39.0 32.2

28.9 33.8 31.3Loddon Mallee Victoria 29.4 28.4 30.3 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

††† Only respondents aged 50 years and over were asked whether they had a test for bowel cancer in the past two years. Based on persons for whom a bowel examination to detect bowel cancer was applicable at the time of the survey.

15

‡‡‡Table 17: Had a Pap smear in the past two years , females aged 20-69 years, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Yes No LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI

80.3(a) 19.7(b)Buloke (S) 74.4 85.2 14.8 25.7 Campaspe (S) 71.0 83.4 16.3 28.6 77.8 21.8

61.4(b) 38.4(a)Central Goldfields (S) 54.6 67.8 32.0 45.2 Gannawarra (S) 66.9 81.9 18.1 33.1 75.2 24.8 Greater Bendigo (C) 62.0 75.2 24.4 37.6 69.0 30.6 Loddon (S) 58.3 75.8 24.0 41.5 67.7 32.1 Macedon Ranges (S) 59.5 72.8 27.2 40.5 66.5 33.5 Mildura (RC) 64.7 78.6 20.6 34.4 72.1 26.9 Mount Alexander (S) 60.2 78.1 21.9 39.9 69.9 30.1 Swan Hill (RC) 59.7 75.9 24.1 40.3 68.3 31.7

66.7 73.3 26.4 33.0 70.1 29.6 Loddon Mallee Victoria 71.1 28.4 70.0 72.2 27.3 29.5 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

‡‡‡ Female survey participants were able to select ‘not applicable’ as a response to this question. They have been excluded from the denominator when calculating estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates.

16

17

Table 18: Had a mammogram in the past two years§§§, females aged 50-69 years, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008 Yes No LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI

Buloke (S) 73.7 63.6 81.7 26.3 18.3 36.4 Campaspe (S) 75.5 65.5 83.3 24.5 16.7 34.5 Central Goldfields (S) 66.3(b) 57.3 74.3 33.7(a) 25.7 42.8 Gannawarra (S) 83.8 74.8 90.1 15.4 9.3 24.4 Greater Bendigo (C) 70.6 61.1 78.6 29.4 21.4 38.9 Loddon (S) 74.6 64.1 82.8 25.4 17.2 35.9 Macedon Ranges (S) 83.5 75.0 89.4 16.6 10.6 25.0 Mildura (RC) 74.2 62.9 83.0 25.8 17.0 37.1 Mount Alexander (S) 72.8 63.3 80.5 27.2 19.5 36.7 Swan Hill (RC) 76.6 66.3 84.5 23.4 15.5 33.7 Loddon Mallee 74.4 70.5 77.9 25.6 22.0 29.4 Victoria 75.9 74.5 77.2 23.6 22.2 24.9 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

§§§ Female survey participants were able to select ‘not applicable’ as a response to this question. They have been excluded from the denominator when calculating estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

Major causes of disease and illness

Table 19 presents the ranking in absolute DALYs for the broad disease categories contributing most to the burden of disease in the Loddon Mallee region. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders, followed by neurological and sense disorders are the leading causes of burden in the Loddon Mallee region. Cancer burden is primarily years of life lost through premature death, while mental disorders rarely cause mortality but are a major cause of ill health.

Table 19: DALYs by Major Disease Category for Loddon Mallee region, 2001 Mortality YLLs Disability YLDs Total DALYs

Cardiovascular diseases 6,612.2 1,609.2 8,221.3 Chronic respiratory diseases 1,264.3 2,028.6 3,292.9 Congenital abnormalities 256.0 491.0 747.0 Diabetes mellitus 668.1 1,537.8 2,205.9 Digestive disorders 684.3 319.6 1,003.9 Genito-urinary disorders 382.6 742.0 1,124.6 Infectious diseases 240.6 188.7 429.3 Injuries 2,293.5 826.9 3,120.3 Malignant cancers 7,417.6 1,995.0 9,412.6 Maternal conditions - 21.1 21.1 Mental disorders 203.9 5,187.4 5,391.3 Musculo-skeletal diseases 169.9 1,065.0 1,234.9 Neonatal conditions 348.4 177.0 525.4 Neurological and sensory disorders 972.7 4,135.8 5,108.5 Oral health 1.0 567.4 568.4 Other 793.9 797.3 1,591.4 TOTAL 22,309.0 21,689.8 43,998.8 YLL = years of life lost to premature death YLD = years lived with disability DALY = disability adjusted life years (DALY = YLL + YLD) Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [7]

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Figure 2: Burden of disease (DALYs) attributable to risk factors in Loddon Mallee region compared to Victoria, 2001

19

Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [7]

Health sector performance

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions Better access to primary health care increases the use of ambulatory care, prevents unnecessary hospitalisations and improves the health status of the population. Analysis from the Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions study identified significant differentials and inequalities in access to the primary health care system in Victoria. The analysis of ACSCs included a broad range of health conditions that are classified as ACSC’s. Data is firstly presented for total, and acute and chronic ACSC’s for each region. Table 21 gives details of the top ten ACSC’s by LGA for Loddon Mallee region.

Table 20: Total ACSC, acute ACSC and chronic ACSC admission numbers, rates and average bed days, Victoria 2008-09

Barwon-

South Western

Eastern metro Gippsland Grampians Hume

North and Loddon Southern Victoria West Mallee metrometroTotal ACSC 181,126 13,836 29,805 10,411 8,514 10,136 12,692 52,883 42,849

Number of admissions Acute ACSC 5,733 13,126 3,677 3,381 3,612 4,779 20,669 16,780 71,757

Chronic ACSC 8,002 16,432 6,691 5,101 6,515 7,904 31,720 25,670 108,035 Total ACSC 33.6 34.4 28.1 36.0 35.9 34.8 36.9 36.7 33.1

Rate per 1,000 persons Acute ACSC 15.1 12.6 13.9 15.0 12.6 14.8 13.5 13.0 13.4

Chronic ACSC 18.9 15.3 21.9 20.7 21.2 22.1 22.9 19.8 20.0 Total ACSC 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.0

Average bed days Acute ACSC 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7

Chronic ACSC 6.9 6.7 7.3 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.3 7.3 6.6Rates are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population. Source: Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset 2008-09

20

21

Table 21: Top ten ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2008-09

Diabetes complications

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease

Dental conditions

Congestive cardiac failure

Pyelonephritis Cellulitis Angina Ear, nose

and throat infections

Asthma Convulsions

and epilepsy

LGA Number of admissions Buloke (S) 132 69 27 28 30 25 6 25 21 16 Campaspe (S) 708 202 127 142 90 100 118 64 79 86 Central Goldfields (S) 227 81 44 56 42 21 35 19 15 23 Gannawarra (S) 338 70 66 54 36 47 29 34 28 16 Greater Bendigo (C) 1,242 404 341 238 228 154 168 144 148 138 Loddon (S) 147 63 39 25 22 24 16 17 17 10 Macedon Ranges (S) 337 78 139 66 61 57 39 47 54 49 Mildura (RC) 716 224 279 103 143 88 95 106 83 83 Mount Alexander (S) 213 99 55 42 38 28 31 16 40 35 Swan Hill (RC) 566 70 90 55 55 75 56 101 61 59 Loddon Mallee 4,626 1,360 1,207 809 745 619 593 573 546 515 Victoria 64,903 15,055 16,159 12,628 13,444 8,361 8,370 7,783 9,219 7,552 LGA Rate per 1,000 persons Buloke (S) 12.2 5.7 4.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 0.7 4.2 2.9 2.3 Campaspe (S) 14.5 4.2 3.3 2.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 Central Goldfields (S) 12.1 4.0 3.9 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.2 2.0 Gannawarra (S) 19.3 4.4 5.9 3.0 2.6 3.2 1.8 3.2 2.7 1.6 Greater Bendigo (C) 11.6 3.8 3.4 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 Loddon (S) 12.1 5.0 4.8 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.7 Macedon Ranges (S) 9.1 2.0 3.4 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 Mildura (RC) 12.7 3.9 5.1 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.6 Mount Alexander (S) 9.1 4.1 3.3 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 2.2 2.2 Swan Hill (RC) 24.4 2.8 4.0 2.2 2.3 3.3 2.3 4.6 2.7 2.8 Loddon Mallee 12.9 3.7 3.9 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 Victoria 12.0 2.8 3.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian ambulatory care sensitive conditions study [8]

Immunisation rates

The immunisation rates in Loddon Mallee region are comparable with the Victorian rates.

Table 22: Proportion of children fully immunised, by age and region in Victoria, September 2010 Region 12-<15 months 24-<27 months 60-<63 monthsBarwon-South Western 93.2% 93.8% 91.0%Eastern metro 91.8% 93.0% 90.0%Gippsland 93.0% 95.9% 92.7%Grampians 93.8% 96.7% 92.7%Hume 91.5% 92.9% 88.4%North and West metro 92.3% 93.0% 89.7%Southern metro 92.0% 93.0% 91.1%Loddon Mallee 91.6% 93.6% 90.3%Victoria 92.2% 93.4% 90.4%Source: Medicare Australia, 2010 [9]

Table 23: Proportion of children fully immunised, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, September 2010 LGA 12-<15 months 24-<27 months 60-<63 monthsBuloke (S) 100.0% 93.3% 100.0%Campaspe (S) 91.3% 96.7% 92.8%Central Goldfields (S) 87.2% 96.9% 96.8%Gannawarra (S) 100.0% 93.8% 91.7%Greater Bendigo (C) 92.9% 93.8% 90.3%Loddon (S) 85.0% 94.1% 100.0%Macedon Ranges (S) 93.5% 88.3% 89.0%Mildura (RC) 90.5% 93.9% 90.6%Mount Alexander (S) 86.1% 91.9% 69.2%Swan Hill (RC) 88.1% 95.8% 90.2%Loddon Mallee region 91.6% 93.6% 90.3%Victoria 92.2% 93.4% 90.4%Source: Medicare Australia, 2010 [9]

22

Figure 3: Year 10 secondary school Boostrix percentage coverage rate by LGAs, 2009

23

How strong are Loddon Mallee communities?

Social, economic and environmental determinants of health

Table 24: Proportion of unemployed persons, Victoria by region, 2009-10

Region March Qtr 2009

June Qtr 2009

Sept Qtr 2009

Dec Qtr March Qtr 2009 2010

Barwon-South Western 4.4% 5.1% 5.6% 5.9% 5.5%Eastern Metro 3.9% 4.4% 4.8% 4.9% 5.0%Gippsland 4.2% 4.5% 4.7% 4.6% 4.9%Grampians 6.3% 6.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.3%Hume 4.8% 4.3% 4.8% 5.3% 5.6%North and West Metro 5.0% 5.5% 5.8% 6.2% 6.2%Southern Metro 4.8% 5.0% 5.5% 5.6% 5.4%Loddon Mallee 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.7%Victoria 4.7% 5.1% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6%Source: Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010 [10]

Table 25: Proportion of unemployed persons, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2009-10

LGA March Qtr 2009

June Qtr 2009

Sept Qtr 2009

Dec Qtr March Qtr 2009 2010

Buloke (S) 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 4.1%Campaspe (S) 4.2% 3.8% 4.2% 4.8% 5.1%Central Goldfields (S) 9.6% 9.7% 9.6% 9.5% 9.6%Gannawarra (S) 4.6% 4.6% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4%Greater Bendigo (C) 6.1% 6.2% 6.2% 6.1% 5.9%Loddon (S) 5.1% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 4.9%Macedon Ranges (S) 2.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8%Mildura (RC) 8.2% 8.3% 8.2% 7.9% 7.6%Mount Alexander (S) 5.8% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1%Swan Hill (RC) 6.3% 6.4% 6.4% 6.2% 6.1%Loddon Mallee 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.7%Victoria 4.7% 5.1% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6%Source: Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010 [10]

24

25

Table 26: Indicators of income and socio-economic status, Loddon Mallee region by LGA

LGA

% population with income

<$400 per week 2006 [11]

Gaming machine losses per head 2008-

09 [12]

Children in households with

income <$650 per week 2006

[13]

% households with housing

costs greater than 40% of income

[14]Buloke (S) 58.9% - 29.4% 3.2%Campaspe (S) 50.3% $319.11 21.7% 7.2%Central Goldfields (S) 62.9% $520.92 33.4% 6.6%Gannawarra (S) 53.7% $189.71 23.1% 4.5%Greater Bendigo (C) 49.7% $614.94 22.0% 8.0%Loddon (S) 60.1% - 34.4% 4.2%Macedon Ranges (S) 43.9% $320.19 13.9% 7.9%Mildura (RC) 50.4% $635.22 23.7% 8.2%Mount Alexander (S) 54.4% $189.71 27.9% 7.8%Swan Hill (RC) 49.9% $410.88 23.1% 6.1%Loddon Mallee 50.7% $528.79 22.3% 7.4%Victoria 45.8% $674.27 17.9% 9.0%

Table 27: Recorded family incident reports, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2009-10 Family incidents Where charges were laid Where IVO applied for

LGA Number

Rate per 100,000

population Number

Rate per 100,000

population Number

Rate per 100,000

population Buloke (S) 35 494.5 6 84.8 7 98.9 Campaspe (S) 210 541.4 47 121.2 49 126.3 Central Goldfields (S) 151 1,170.6 52 403.1 60 465.2 Gannawarra (S) 93 797.3 36 308.6 28 240.0 Greater Bendigo (C) 649 634.0 131 128.0 89 86.9 Loddon (S) 33 408.5 16 198.0 9 111.4 Macedon Ranges (S) 103 563.1 20 109.3 15 82.0 Mildura (RC) 811 1,505.3 173 321.1 208 386.1 Mount Alexander (S) 199 473.6 49 116.6 45 107.1 Swan Hill (RC) 279 1,261.5 77 348.2 83 375.3 Victoria 33,720 649.9 9,082 165.2 5,489 106.4IVO = family violence intervention order Rate is calculated against total estimated resident population at 30 June 2009. Source: Victoria Police, 2010 [15]

Table 28: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2006 Can get

LGA

help from Could raise Member of Decision Attendance friends family or

neighbours when

needed

$2000 in Member of Parental Feels two

days in anemergency

Volunteers organised groups

group that has taken

local actionparticipation

in schoolsmaking at valued by board or community society committee events

Buloke (S) 96.2 77.6 76.7 73.5 69.8 90.6 44.6 71.2 82.0 Campaspe (S) 92.4 77.2 54.0 54.2 53.8 52.4 25.8 56.8 68.0 Central Goldfields (S) 92.8 68.1 34.4 31.8 41.4 55.8 12.5 35.3 68.1 Gannawarra (S) 94.9 77.9 62.4 62.9 57.5 69.3 28.7 58.2 71.2 Greater Bendigo (C) 92.7 74.7 49.8 47.1 46.5 70.6 25.6 55.3 65.1 Loddon (S) 92.3 73.6 71.0 66.7 65.3 79.4 34.2 64.4 75.1 Macedon Ranges (S) 93.6 80.5 50.5 48.5 48.8 67.5 18.7 61.5 68.4 Mildura (RC) 93.2 73.4 47.4 48.5 51.5 65.1 23.4 54.2 69.6 Mount Alexander (S) 95.2 81.2 52.8 56.5 57.6 61.5 24.8 60.3 76.5 Swan Hill (RC) 95.2 81.2 59.8 61.9 52.6 64.6 23.1 55.2 72.9 Loddon Mallee 94.1 77.4 58.2 57.2 56.5 69.5 27.2 59.2 72.5 Victoria 93.1 77.1 48.7 47.3 47.5 67.6 20.6 48.9 68.8 Source: Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006 [16]

26

27

Table 28 continued: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Loddon Mallee region by LGA, 2006

LGA

Opportunities to have a real say on issues

that are important

Multiculturalismmakes life in the

area better

Feels safe on the street

alone afterdark

The area has easy

access to recreational and leisure

facilities

The area has good

facilities andservices like

shops, childcare,

schools, libraries

The area has opportunities

to volunteer

The area has a wide range

ofcommunity

and support groups

It’s an active community

Buloke (S) 74.2 53.7 88.3 80.3 64.8 89.3 83.7 87.1 Campaspe (S) 53.6 51.9 73.6 80.6 75.2 83.8 75.6 70.6 Central Goldfields (S) 60.3 73.2 58.4 79.3 83.5 72.8 72.2 61.8 Gannawarra (S) 64.6 45.6 72.8 74.4 70.3 79.7 74.5 74.0 Greater Bendigo (C) 61.6 59.5 67.2 73.2 71.5 81.3 69.9 73.1 Loddon (S) 71.6 46.8 85.3 70.9 56.3 85.2 67.1 76.8 Macedon Ranges (S) 62.0 59.5 80.3 66.7 63.0 77.9 65.5 75.2 Mildura (RC) 59.6 60.2 42.4 79.7 85.4 83.6 81.4 82.7 Mount Alexander (S) 63.5 58.3 74.2 74.6 76.0 91.7 83.1 85.5 Swan Hill (RC) 62.9 67.5 65.2 80.4 76.3 84.0 73.9 75.7 Loddon Mallee 64.0 56.4 71.9 76.2 72.4 84.4 75.6 78.5 Victoria 58.7 67.5 67.8 81.0 77.8 79.6 74.2 71.8 Source: Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006 [16]

Reference

1 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Population by age and sex, Victoria, estimated resident population at 30 June 2009. Released August 2010. <www.abs.gov.au> 2 Department of Planning and Community Development, 2009, Victoria in Future Population Projections. Released September 2009. <http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/victoriainfuture> 3 Department of Health, 2010, Life expectancy at birth: Victoria 2003-2007. Health Intelligence Unit. <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/le.htm> 4 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) rates. <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/bod/bod_reg.htm> 5 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Years of Life Lost (YLL) rates. <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/bod/bod_reg.htm> 6 Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey Report 2008. <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/vphs_current.htm> 7 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Mortality and morbidity 2001 searchable LGA estimates. <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/bod/bod_reg.htm> 8 Department of Health, 2010, Victorian ambulatory care sensitive conditions study. Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (VHISS). <http://www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/acsc/index.htm> 9 Medicare Australia, 2010, Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) – coverage report. Measure: Proportion of children fully immunised by age, by region. 10 Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010, Small area labour markets – Australia. Measure: Proportion of persons unemployed. <http://www.workplace.gov.au/salm> 11 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Cat no. 2068.0 – 2006 Census tables. Measure: Gross Individual Income (Weekly) by age by sex. <www.abs.gov.au> 12 Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulations, 2010. Measure: Gaming machine losses per head, people 18 years of age or older. 13 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Basic community profiles. Table B28 - gross household income (weekly) by household composition. <www.abs.gov.au> 14 Australian Bureau of Statistics, customised data from the 2006 Census of Population and Housing.

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15 Victoria Police, 2010, Crime Statistics - Family incidents 2009-10. <http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=782> 16 Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006, Indicators of Community Strength at the Local Government Area Level. <http://www.dvc.vic.gov.au/web14/dvc/dvcmain.nsf/headingpagesdisplay/research+and+publicationsindicators+of+community+strength>