Locomoon,(( the(knee(and(the(hip( - solid.lth.se fileExtension(((((Flexion(Locking&joint/&...
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Transcript of Locomoon,(( the(knee(and(the(hip( - solid.lth.se fileExtension(((((Flexion(Locking&joint/&...
Locomo%on, the knee and the hip
Li1erature
• Biomechanics of the Knee, chapter 7 • Biomechanics of the Hip, chapter 8
Classifica%on of joints
!
Hinge joint/ Gångjärnsled e.g. finger and toe joints
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Pivot or trochoid joint/ Vrid-‐ eller rota3onsled e.g. proximal radio-‐ulnar joint
1-‐dimensional
2-‐dimensional
!!
Ellipsoid joint/ äggled e.g. the wrist
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Saddle joint/ sadelled e.g. the base joint of the thumb
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Extension Flexion
Locking joint/ Spriralled e.g. the knee and elbow joints
3-‐dimensional
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Ball and socket joint/ Kulled e.g. hip and shoulder joints
lateral ligament
Mechanics of the knee
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Anterior view without the patella
Muscles around the knee
Anterior view Posterior view
Degrees of mo%on in the knee Proximal-‐distal transla%on internal/external rota%on
Adduc%on-‐abduc%on rota%on
Ligaments and menisci
Mo%on in the knee joint: h1p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3YgbJLbIXk&feature=related
Range of %biofemoral joint mo%on
Extension to flexion while: -‐ walking 0-‐67o -‐ climbing stairs 0-‐83o
-‐ descending stairs 0-‐90o -‐ si\ng down 0-‐93o
-‐ tying a shoe 0-‐106o -‐ li^ing an object 0-‐117o
Sta%c analysis of stair climbing p.193, box 7.1
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Known: • Body weight W • contact point foot-‐step • direcFon of the force in the
patellar tendon, P • contact point in the femur-‐
Fbia joint Derive: • magnitude of the force P in
the patellar tendon • magnitude and direcFon of
the contact force in the femur-‐Fbia joint
IllustraFve exercises for the lectures
Mechanics of the hip
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Muscles around the hip
Abductor muscles Adductor muscles
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1. Acetabulum (ledpanna) 2. Gluteus medius 3. Caput femoris (ledhuvud) 4. Collum femoris (lårbenshals) 5. Corpus femoris 6. Labrum
ilium
Iliac crest (hö>benskam)
sacrum
coccyx
Ischium (siAben)
Trocanter major
Neck-‐sha^ angle
Arthrosis
StaFc analysis of the forces in the hip during single-‐leg stance
!