Locomoon,(( the(knee(and(the(hip( - solid.lth.se fileExtension(((((Flexion(Locking&joint/&...

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Locomo%on, the knee and the hip

Transcript of Locomoon,(( the(knee(and(the(hip( - solid.lth.se fileExtension(((((Flexion(Locking&joint/&...

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Locomo%on,    the  knee  and  the  hip  

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Li1erature  

•  Biomechanics  of  the  Knee,  chapter  7  •  Biomechanics  of  the  Hip,  chapter  8    

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Classifica%on  of  joints  

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Hinge  joint/    Gångjärnsled                        e.g.  finger  and  toe  joints  

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Pivot  or  trochoid  joint/  Vrid-­‐  eller  rota3onsled          e.g.  proximal  radio-­‐ulnar  joint  

1-­‐dimensional  

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2-­‐dimensional  

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Ellipsoid  joint/  äggled  e.g.  the  wrist    

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Saddle  joint/  sadelled  e.g.  the  base  joint  of  the  thumb        

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Extension                    Flexion  

Locking  joint/    Spriralled  e.g.  the  knee  and  elbow  joints    

3-­‐dimensional    

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Ball  and  socket  joint/    Kulled      e.g.  hip  and  shoulder  joints    

lateral  ligament  

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Mechanics  of  the  knee    

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Anterior  view  without  the  patella  

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Muscles  around  the  knee  

Anterior  view   Posterior  view  

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Degrees  of  mo%on  in  the  knee    Proximal-­‐distal  transla%on  internal/external  rota%on  

Adduc%on-­‐abduc%on  rota%on  

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Ligaments  and  menisci  

Mo%on  in  the  knee  joint:  h1p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3YgbJLbIXk&feature=related  

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Range  of  %biofemoral  joint  mo%on  

Extension  to  flexion  while:    -­‐      walking                                          0-­‐67o  -­‐        climbing  stairs                  0-­‐83o    

-­‐  descending  stairs        0-­‐90o  -­‐  si\ng  down                          0-­‐93o  

-­‐  tying  a  shoe                          0-­‐106o  -­‐  li^ing  an  object            0-­‐117o    

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Sta%c  analysis  of  stair  climbing    p.193,  box  7.1  

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Known:    •  Body  weight  W  •  contact  point    foot-­‐step  •  direcFon  of  the  force  in  the  

patellar  tendon,  P  •  contact  point  in  the  femur-­‐

Fbia  joint        Derive:  •  magnitude  of  the  force  P  in  

the  patellar  tendon  •  magnitude  and  direcFon  of  

the  contact  force  in  the    femur-­‐Fbia  joint    

 

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IllustraFve  exercises  for  the  lectures  

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Mechanics  of  the  hip  

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Muscles  around  the  hip  

Abductor  muscles  Adductor  muscles  

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1.  Acetabulum  (ledpanna)  2.  Gluteus  medius    3.  Caput  femoris  (ledhuvud)  4.  Collum  femoris  (lårbenshals)  5.  Corpus  femoris    6.  Labrum    

ilium  

Iliac  crest  (hö>benskam)  

sacrum  

coccyx  

Ischium  (siAben)  

Trocanter  major  

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Neck-­‐sha^  angle  

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Arthrosis    

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StaFc  analysis  of  the  forces  in  the  hip  during  single-­‐leg  stance  

   

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