Lock / Sluice EcluzLock / Sluice= connection between two zones of a fluid or two different fluids

Ecluz

navigation lock: hydraulic structure for raising and lowering ships between stretches of water of different levels

Principle scheme:h b ith i bl l l chamber with variable level

lock ends/heads pools

= sas

= porturi de ateptare pools system for filling-emptying

= porturi de ateptare

Lockst l downstream pool

upstreamhead chamber

downstreamheadupstream pool downstream poolhead

mooring structure

chamber head

guidingstructure

chamber wallupstream gate downstream gate

chamber floor

panama htmlpanama.html

(Waiting) Pools(Waiting) PoolsAllow the ship/convoy to wait for allowance of entryStructure: reinforced concrete walls pile planking wallsStructure: reinforced concrete walls, pile planking walls,

piles, othersRole of the guard wall / guidance structures: directingRole of the guard wall / guidance structures: directing

the ship at entrance mechanical: action reaction optical: (land)mark for steersman

Porturi de a teptare - Volkerak - Olanda

Guiding structures The NetherlandsGuiding structures The Netherlands

Guiding structures Th N th l dGuiding structures The Netherlands

Structuri de ghidaj - Agigea

Structuri de ghidaj - Ovidiu

Structuri de ghidaj Dietfurt / Germania

Porile de Fier IPorile de Fier I

Systems for filling-emptyingSystems for filling emptying

= complex of hydraulic circuits and auxiliary= complex of hydraulic circuits and auxiliary installations to control the water level in the chamber in any moment of operationchamber in any moment of operation

through the upstream end (galleries id th t )concentrated

inletaside the gates)

through/under/above gate

distributed longitudinal galleries through walls

longitudinal galleries through floor

longitudinal galleries through walls andlongitudinal galleries through walls and transversal galleries through floor

Systems for filling-emptyingfilling-emptying

Sisteme de alimentare-golire / PF ISisteme de alimentare golire / PF I

Eibach locki b isaving basins

Ecluza Schwanstetten- bazine economizoare

Emdem Germany 1920

Structural systemsStructural systems

vat tubvat, tub

cuv

independentwallswalls

Dry dock Constana shipyard

Sisteme constructive

Sisteme constructive

Ecluza pe Canal Midi - 1667-1681

Staircase locksStaircase locksEcluze n trepte

C l Midipe Canal Midi1667-1681

StructureStructureComputation problems loads o own weight + useful parts (gates, equipments, others)

o water (hydrostatic inside & outside, hydrodynamic)o earth pressurepo ice thrust [pressure] (on walls and gates)o ship action (impact, traction in bollards)o thermal loads (erection operation)o thermal loads (erection, operation)o water pressure in fissures / crackso earthquake

combinations o operation (water in chamber at minimum/maximum level)

o repairs inside (empty chamber)o repairs inside (empty chamber)o repairs outside (full chamber)

Structure designStructure design

Determining sizesDetermining sizes functional structural

how wide, tall, capacity, etc.

l t bilit ( t t structural o general stability (structure + foundation)

o stability of structure on groundy go stability of elements = strength

Functional designFunctional designDetermining sizes ship length: L = 13 + N m

width: Bs = 8 + 0.05N m

navigation

draught T = 2.5 m

water depth h = T + ri

pescaj

g ir1= dynamic sinking = 0.2 m

r2= safety reserve = 0 4 mr2 safety reserve 0.4 m

r3= waves reserve = 0.2 m

f d di i r1= afundare dinamicr2= rezerv de siguran = 0,4 m la structuri de betonr3= rezerv de valuri

Functional designFunctional designDetermining sizes chamber width: devices for shock absorption

width reserve

B = (1.08...1,10) BsH = h + R + guard R = rise = cdere

R = difference between highest upstream level and

channel

lowest downstream levelguard = (nlime de) gard

highest upstream level = 12 + 1 1N (m) channel highest upstream level = 12 + 1.1N (m)lowest downstream level = N (m)

Soil characteristicsSoil characteristics

Characteristics Layer 1 Layer 2 thickness (m) 9 30 material sand + gravel sandy claydensity (t/m3) 1.80 1.85

internal friction 30 17

Underground water levelg

Static analysis using Finite Element Method

repairs inside

operationoperation

(other) Loads(other) Loadso own weight

A ship's displacement or displacement tonnage, a term usually

li d l t l l i thMP,DENS,1,value

ACEL,,9.81

applied only to naval vessels, is the weight of the water that a ship displaces when it is floating. The term is defined ordinarily such that the ship's fuel tanks ,,

o ship loads shock Ni = 0.9 x W2/3 (kN)

y pare full and all stores are aboard

W Bs T L w= deplasamentwhere W = displacement of ship (to)

traction of bollardsShip displacement (tdw) Rope traction (kN)Shipdisplacement(tdw) Ropetraction(kN)

100 50110 500 100

510 1000 1501100 2000 2002100 5000 250

Concentrated loads

shock 1 m above maximum water level

traction at maximum water level