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Transcript of Lock Industry
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An Introduction to the History of Locks
Locks and keys were known long before the birth of Christ.
They are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and in
mythology. In the Book of Nehemiah, chapter 3, it is stated
that when repairing the old gates of the City of Jerusalem -
probably in 445 B.C. - they "set up the doors thereof, and the
locks thereof, and the bars thereof." At this time, locks weremade of wood. They were large and crude in design; yet
their principle of operation was the forerunner of the modern
pin-tumbler locks of today.
As locksmiths and metal workers became proficient in their
craft, they were invited to make locks and keys for the Royal
Courts and for the churches and cathedrals of Europe. They
excelled in elaborate and high and highly detailed
ornamentation - often adapted to the religious theme.
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Security was a Guardian Angel
In India, in the days of the Emperor of Annam, valuables
were sealed into large blocks of wood, which were placed on
small islands or submerged into surrounding pools of the
inner courts of the palace. Here, they were protected by the
royal "guardian angels," a number of crocodiles kept on
starvation rations so they were always hungry. To venture
into the water meant certain death for the intruder. The
legitimate approach to the treasure was to drug or kill the
crocodiles.
Security was a Knotted Rope
For many hundreds of years, cords of ropes made of rush
and fiber were used to "lock" doors and tie up walls. The
legend goes, a knotted rope became a famous symbol of
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security. Intricately tied by Gordius, King of Phrygia, and
known by his name, the Gordian Knot, secured the yoke to
the shaft of his chariot. Its untying was pronounced byoracles to be possible only by the man destined to conquer
Asia. However, when Alexander the Great failed to undo the
Gordian Knot, he cut it swiftly with his sword, giving us the
expression, "to cut the Gordian Knot," meaning a bold,
decisive action, effective when milder measures fail.
Locks from the Orient
Brass and iron padlocks found in Europe and the Far East
were popularized by the Romans and the Chinese. They were
particularly favored because they were portable. They
operated by keys that turned, screwed, and pushed. The
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push-key padlock was of simple construction, the bolt kept in
locked position by the projection of a spring or springs. To
unlock, the springs were compressed or flattened by the key,which freed the bolt and permitted it to slide back. Padlocks
of this type are most universally used in the Orient today.
The decoration reflects the arts of the countries, and shapes
often took the form of animals - dragons, horses, dogs, even
elephants and hippopotamuses. Padlocks were often
presented in pairs as gifts, with congratulatory messages in
cuneiform characters.
"Firsts" in Development of Locks
The first mechanical locks, made of wood, were probably
created by a number of civilizations at the same time.
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Records show them in use some 4,000 years ago in Egypt.
Fastened vertically on the door post, the wooden lock
contained moveable pins or "pin tumblers," that dropped bygravity into openings in the cross piece or "bolt," and locked
the door. It was operated by a wooden key with pegs or
prongs that raised the number of tumblers sufficiently to
clear the bolt so that it could be pulled back. This method of
locking was the forerunner of modern pin tumbler locks.
The first all-metal lock appeared between the years 870
and 900, and are attributed to the English craftsmen. They
were simple bolts, made of iron with wards (obstructions)
fitted around the keyholes to prevent tampering.
The first use of wards (fixed projections in a lock) was
introduced by the Romans who devised obstructions to
"ward off" the entry or turning of the wrong key. Wards were
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notched and cut into decorative designs, and warding
became a basic locking mechanism for more than a
thousand years. The first padlocks were "convenient" locksas they could be carried and used where necessary. They
were known in early times to merchants traveling ancient
trade routes to Asia and Europe.
New concepts for locking devices were developed in Europe
in the 17th century. Early Bramah locks utilized a series of
sliders in a circular pattern to provide exceptional security.
Bramah is the oldest lock company in the world and is
continuing to manufacture its famous mechanism 200 years
later.
Primitives
The first wooden lock was discovered in Persia as Khorsabad
in security gate in the palace of Sargon II, who reigned from
722 to 705 B.C. In appearance and operation, it was verysimilar to this wooden cane-tumbler locks. The pegs at the
bit end of the key correspond to the bars, or the tumblers, in
the bolt. When inserted, the pegs lifted the tumblers so that
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the bolt could be retracted and the door or gate could
opened.
Locks from the Old World
Designs of locks and keys were notably influenced by gothic
architecture with evermore elaborate ornamentation
continuing into the period of the Renaissance. Master
locksmiths were invited to make locks for noblemen
throughout Europe. Because of this practice, it is difficult to
document an antique lock as having been produced
specifically in the country where it was in use centuries ago.
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German Castle Locks
The period from the 14th through the 17th century was oneof artistic accomplishment by superb craftsmen. Locksmiths
were skilled metalworkers who were becoming
internationally famous. They were invited to construct
special locks for noblemen throughout Europe. Using designs
of coats-of-arms and symbolic shapes, they devised intricate
wards and bits for locks and keys and were inspired to
produce increasingly ornamental locks to harmonize with the
architecture of their clients' estates or castles. However,
there were few improvements in locking mechanisms.
Security depended upon intricacies such as hidden keyholes,
trick devices, and complicated warding.
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Security in the 14th and 15th Centuries
There was little significant improvement in locking
mechanisms in the 14th and 15th centuries. However,
ornamentation became increasingly elaborate. Craftsmen
excelled in metal work and designed and produced locks for
gates, doors, chests, and cupboards. A "Masterpiece" lock
was never used on a door. It was designed and produced as
a one-of-a-kind by a journeyman locksmith, or iron monger
as a "test" to qualify him as a Master. Masterpiece locks
were often displayed without covers to show the component
parts of the mechanisms, their functions, the decorative
designs of lockcases, and method of assembly.
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Padlocks
Padlocks were known early in time to the Greeks, Romans,
Egyptians, and other cultures of the Near East, including the
Chinese. It was believed that the padlock was first used as a
"travel" lock to protect merchandise from brigands along
ancient trade routes and seaboards and waterways where
commerce was centered. Made in small sizes to those of
tremendous proportions, they represented various geometric
shapes, religious symbols, animals, fish, birds, hearts. They
were operated by keys that turned, screwed, pushed, and
pulled. For better efficiency, letter locks, or combination
padlocks, were developed, which eliminated keys and
operated by alignment of letters or numbers on revolving
disks. Shown here is an American padlock dating back to the
turn-of-the-century. In the popular circular shape, this lock
was probably used on a huge strongbox. It has a single ward
(obstruction) which the key bypasses to project the bolt.
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Locking In
Padlocks were used throughout the centuries to lock
prisoners and possessions. They were usually made of iron,bronze, or brass, and were rugged in construction. However,
internal locking mechanisms were often fairly simple and
easy to defuse.
This massive Russian padlock shown here was meticulously
hand-forged early in the reign of the last Czar, Nicholas II
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(1895-1918). The large circular ring on the top is the
"handle" or bow of a threaded key which is rotated into the
keyhole to disengage the locking mechanism. When theshackle is in the locking position, the key is removed, and
the plug is inserted to give the illusion that there is no
keyhole. The threaded portion of the key is then screwed
into its protective cover.
Inventive Ingenuity
As lock-picking became an art in the 18th century, the
inventor met the challenge of the burglar with increasingly
complicated locking mechanisms. Among the new
improvements were keys with changeable bits, "curtain
closed-out" around keyholes to prevent tampering, alarm
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bells combined with the action of the bolt, and "puzzle" or
ring padlocks, with this principle developing into dial face
and bank vault locks, operating without keys and known ascombination locks.
The early puzzle padlocks were Oriental with from three to
seven rings of characters or letters which released the hasp
when properly aligned. The dial locks were similar in
operation, and both types were combinated to unlock to
words or patterns of numbers known only to the owners or
responsible persons.
At the left is the Eureka, a manipulation-proof combination
lock with five tumblers. For a faithful bank vault used at one
time in the U.S. Treasury Department. Patented in 1862 by
Dodds, MacNeal, and Urban of Canton, Ohio. The operating
dial is a combination of letters and numbers and affords
1,073,741,824 combinations; to run through them all without
interruption would take 2,042 years, 324 days, and 1 hour.
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Castle and Chest Locks
During the gothic era, followed by the exuberant influence of
the Renaissance, master locksmiths were inspired to product
the most intricate and the finest ornamental locks of all time.
This was the period when iron craftsmen and lock artisans
became internationally famous. They excelled in the forging,
embossing, engraving, chafing, and etching of metals, and
were invited to make locks and keys for the courts of Europe.
Shown here is a spring latch lock for a castle door. Its
working mechanism is concealed in the classic dome, or
ward house, that shows the Moorish influence. Ornamented
in the style of the period with mythical figures and scrolls, it
is particularly noteworthy as it illustrates the coloring of
metal, similar to the "niello" process. As the craftsman
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lacked color, he created various stains for metal, which he
used for backgrounds to highlight his design.
Locks for Treasure Chests
Since the earliest times, chests were secured with strong
and frequently very large locks. They were used to protect
precious metals, money, jewels, to store clothing, and
church vestments, archives and arms, linens and other
household articles, bridal finery, and even for burial of
important people. Chest locks were ornamented for
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household use, or were very plain and sturdy for chests that
were to be transported. Generally, they were mounted inside
the chest, in a vertical position, with bolts spreading to slideinto the lid keeper.
The Key was a Latchstring
In pioneering days of Colonial America, the "key" to the lock
of the house often hung on the outside of the door. It was a
length of string. Doors were latched on the inside with a
pivoted wooded bar or bolt, one end dropping into a slot in
the jamb. Attached was a piece of string that was threaded
through a small hole to the outside. To the visitor, the
dangling string was an immediate welcome, as pulling on it,
raised the bolt and opened the door. This lock and key
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became the origin of our expression of hospitality, "the latch
string is always out."
There were No Secrets in Madrid
Several centuries ago, in Spain, there was a great distrust of
locks. To be safe, the householders of a block hired a
watchman to patrol the neighborhood and carry the keys to
their dwellings. To enter or leave a house, the resident
clapped his hands vigorously to summon the watchman with
his key, so, all comings and goings became a matter of
public record and there was little chance for "hanky panky"
in old Madrid.
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Marie Antoinette's Husband was a Locksmith
His name was Louis, Louis XVI, King of France. Louis didn't
particularly like the business of being a king, but he had an
extraordinary interest in mechanical labor. He spent many
happy hours in his house workshop forging metal and
making locks, skills taught to him by a locksmith named
Gamin. He was particularly proud of an iron security cabinet
which we concealed in a wall to protect his private papers.
Unfortunately, Louis didn't reckon with the Revolutionists, as
his secret hiding place was revealed by Gamin, and his
papers incriminated him. History says, poor Louis, he was as
good a locksmith as he was a bad king.
Safecracking Under Seas
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As a child, Charles Courtney was intrigued with everything
mechanical that he could fix or take apart. He was especially
fascinated with locks, and so began his lifelong career as alock expert. However, he had resolved to become a diver
and do all the things his great, great uncle, Jules Verne, a
novelist, had described in his famous book, Twenty
Thousand Leagues Under The Sea. Years later, Charles
Courtney realized his dream. Because of his talent for
picking locks, he was hired as a diver to open safes on
sunken ships. He was the first to do a locksmithing job 400
feet under water, and he recovered many millions of dollars
for the salvage companies. Charles Courtney achieved
international fame as a Master Locksmith, also known as a
collector of antique locks, many of them now a part of the
Schlage collection.
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The Safemakers and the Yeggs
Country banks, in the early 1800s were housed in crude
buildings. Safes were simple wooden shafts or strongboxes
reinforced with sheet iron and secured with padlocks. It was
"easy money" for criminal to break in and smash the safe, or
carry it away for "cracking" in privacy. So began the race
between safemakers and safe breakers, or "yeggs" as they
were called. Manufacturers started to build solid iron safes
with key-operated deadbolt locks; yeggs soon defeated them
by pouring explosives into the keyholes and blowing the
doors off their hinges. For better protection, lock makers
developed combination locks without keyholes, later
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combining them with tiny mechanism. Vaults of steel and
concrete were built into the structures of banks. Multiple
locking procedures were devised and so passed the era of the yegg.
To Please a Lady
Catherine the Great, Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796,
had one of the most notable lock collections of her time. She
admired the fine workmanship of artisans who designed
ornamental faceplates for locks and created padlocks in
fanciful forms to please a lady or a favored child. It is said
that a famous Russian locksmith gained his freedom from
banishment to Siberia my making a chain for Catherine. She
was so impressed with his craftsmanship that she pardoned
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him. As the story goes, this incident is credited with the
origin of a saying that "it takes 89 keys to unlock a prison."
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Americana
In the mid 1700s, locks were few in the
Colonies and most were copies of
European mechanisms. With the
founding of the Republic and the new prosperity, there was a
growing demand for sturdy door locks, padlocks, and locks
for safes and vaults, and so the American lock industry had
its start. Each native craftsman had his own ideas about
security, and between 1774 and 1920, American lockmakers
patented some 3,000 varieties of lock devices. Among was
the patent for a "domestic lock," by Linus Yale, Sr. This lock
was a modification of an old Egyptian pin-tumbler principle
that utilized a revolving cylinder.
In the early 1920s, Walter Schlage advanced the
concept of a cylindrical pin-tumbler lock by placing a push-
button locking mechanism between the two knobs. Emphasis
was on security; yet equally important to the modern
architect and decorator, the lock became an intricate part of
the door design. It was now possible to select complimentary
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styles of locks, metals, and finishes. Shown here is a rim lock
from Fort Sumter at Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The
Fort was the site of the start of the Civil War. On April 12,1861, the Confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter, a
federal garrison. After a bombardment of 36 hours, the Fort
surrendered on April 14. The lock was found by Captain
James Kelly, formerly a blockade runner, when he was
delivering materials for the rebuilding of Fort Sumter at the
close of the Civil War.
The revolutionary Schlage lock is a completely different
concept of a cylindrical lock with the button-in-the-knob
mechanism placed between the knobs, introduced by Walter
Schlage in the early 1920s.
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Elegance in Metal
During the Middle Ages, locks and keys were highly ornate.
Iron began to be worked cold. It was no longer necessary for
the smith to work quickly at the forge; he now used a file, a
cold chisel, and a saw with extraordinary dexterity. The
master locksmith designed special locks for cathedrals and
churches in the shape of a cross and embellished them with
elaborate decorations. He acquired expert skills in repoussé ,
ornametations, overlays, embossing, chaffing, piercing, and
created delicate fretwork in the popular scroll and leaf
patterns of the period.
Above is a Spanish chuck lock and key with hinged hasp
and rim or lockplate with pairs of facing animals. Belonging
to Queen Isabella, this lock was probably used to secure a
storage chest that may have contained her royal robe and
personal fortune.
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The Mystique of the Key
For many centuries, keys represented authority, security,
and power. Gods, goddesses, and saints are described as
holders of the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, to Bottomless
Pit, to Gates of Earth and Sea. Kings, emperors, nobles of the
court, and cities and towns incorporated the symbol of the
key into banners, coats of arms and official seals. The
delivery of keys to a castle, fortress, or city was a ceremonial
event, as is the presentation of the Key-To-The-City today to
a visiting dignitary.
Shown here is a large Roman key.
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Keys from the Time of Nero to Queen
Victoria
The key was a symbol of man's status, his
authority. Many centuries ago in Egypt, the
importance of the "head of the household" was
determined by the number of keys he owned;
they were large and were carried by slaves on
their shoulders. Should he have several slaves,
or key bearers, he was considered to be a man of great
wealth and distinction. So, through the
ages, the lock and its key have become
an intricate part of our culture. Locking
up personal property, the key symbolizes
our desire for privacy and security for our
possessions. This emblem of keys from
the early Roman period to the 19th
century may include a master key or two, but there are no
duplicates.
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The Ceremony of the Keys
If you have visited the Tower of London, you will remember
the warder, dressed in a red tunic and wearing a Tudor hat
and ruff. Familiarly, he is called a Beefeater. Specifically, he
is an Honorary Yeoman of the Guards, a member of the
Queen's bodyguard. If you spoke to him, you may have
heard the story of the Ceremony of the Keys. Every night,
the Chief Warder locks the Tower gates and brings the keys
to headquarters in the ancient fortress. The sentry calls out
"Halt! Who comes there?" "The Keys." "Whose keys?"
"Queen Elizabeth's keys." Everyone presents arms and the
warder calls out, "God preserve Queen Elizabeth." The guard
responds, "Amen." Tonight and every night, this traditional
ceremony of Britain continues. The yeoman repeats the
same words that have never been changed in 450 years.
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NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LOCK INDUSTRY
KEY PLAYERS: O/o DC (SSI), UNIDO(TDSP), SIDBI.,
National Small Industries Corporation
All India Lock Manufacturers Association -
Aligarh(UP).Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial
Cooperative
Society, Dindigul.(AP).• PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES:
1. Technological upgradation of Indian Lock Industry.
2. Upgradation of NSIC Technical Services Extension
Centre, Aligarh to the level of the advanced tool
Room & Training & Testing Centre, wherein the
current processes and technology used by the
Lock industry will be upgraded to that of
international levels.
3. (a) Setting up of SPM at the Aligarh center as per
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Indian requirements for development of Pin
Cylinder Mechanism.
(b) Creation of common facility Center for the
Lock artisan at Dindigul, Tamil Nadu.
4. Establishing a marketing network by participating
in International and National Fairs and conducting
vendor development programmes. Sourcing of
lock components by leading Lock manufactures
(Godrej etc.).• BUDGET:
US$
(Million) (in Rs.)
Govt. of India 0.60 2,76,00,000
ICAMT/UNIDO 0.12 55,20,000
SIDBI 0.10 46,00,000
Donors/partners
including State Govt.
0.38 1,74,80,000
(to be arranged by
ICAMT-UNIDO)------------- ------------------
1.20 5,52,00,00
• CURRENT STATUS:
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1. The Project Document and the trust Fund
Agreement with UNIDO have been signed in 21st
September 2001.
2. NSIC has been designated as the implementing
agency.
3. The Central Manufacturing Technology Instt.,
Bangalore has agreed to provide necessary design
/ technical inputs.
4. 25 artisans from Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial
Cooperative Society Ltd. Dindigul trained on lock
smithy technology at NSIC Technical ServicesCenter, Aligarh.
5. Participation of the Small Scale Lock
Manufacturers in the Codecia Fair Coimbatore.
6. Till date two meetings of the Steering Committee
of NPDLI have been held under the Chairmanship
of AS&DC (SSI).
7. Step initiated for formation of core group of units
who have already adopted Pin- Cylinder
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Technology
8. Participation of Lock manufacturing units in
building material exhibition at Venezuelaorganized by Building Material and Technology Up
gradation Council, New Delhi.
9. Specialized Entrepreneurial Development
Programme organized by Dindigul Lock artisans at
Dindigul by SISI Chennai, ICAMT.
10. Organized training on Good manufacturing
Practices for Small Scale Lock manufacturing units
at Technical Services Extension Centre NSIC
Aligarh.
11. Work pertaining to the upgradation of NSIC
Technical Services Centre at Aligarh and Common
Facility Centre at Dindigul are in progress.
12. Training Programme on Tool & Die making
organised at NSIC, Aligarh from 3rd to 28th March2003 for small-scale lock manufacturers.
13. A Business Delegation to Cologne (Germany)
comprising of 11 small-scale lock manufacturers
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was sponsored from March 9th to 12th 2003.
14. Small scale lock manufacturers from Aligarh
and Dindigul participated in the Techmart Nov2002 and 2003 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
Organized one day workshop on Lock Technology
Trends at Aligarh on 17th April 2003.
15. Dr. P.A. Joshi, Lock Expert guided small scale
lock manufacturers at Aligarh on Lock Technology
mapping.
16. Organised Workshop on Lock Standardization
at NSIC, Aligarh on 16th June 2003.
17. TDSP (UNIDO) arranged Senior Expert
Services (SES) from Germany Dr. Norbert
Grabosch on developing pin cylinder technology at
selected 5 SSI lock-manufacturing units from 5th
August 2003 to 20th August 2003.
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Knob Tubular Locks
PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)
Suitable for house using....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Door Locks
5 Similar
Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install
product, particularly adaptable for residential use....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
Foryin Lock Factory Ltd
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Locks
14 Similar
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Knob Tubular Locks
PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)
Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Door Locks
5 Similar
Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install
product, particularly adaptable for residential use....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
Foryin Lock Factory Ltd
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Locks
14 Similar
5/13/2018 Lock Industry - slidepdf.com
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Knob Tubular Locks
PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)
Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Door Locks
5 Similar
Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install
product, particularly adaptable for residential use....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
Foryin Lock Factory Ltd
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Locks
14 Similar
5/13/2018 Lock Industry - slidepdf.com
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Knob Tubular Locks
PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)
Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Door Locks
5 Similar
Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install
product, particularly adaptable for residential use....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
Foryin Lock Factory Ltd
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Locks
14 Similar
5/13/2018 Lock Industry - slidepdf.com
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Knob Tubular Locks
PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)
Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Door Locks
5 Similar
Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install
product, particularly adaptable for residential use....
Min. Order: 1000 Pieces
Foryin Lock Factory Ltd
[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]
Knob Locks
14 Similar
5/13/2018 Lock Industry - slidepdf.com
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Industry
Aligarh City is famous as an industrial city. It is also
known as Taala Nagari (Locks City of India). The second
Largest Lock Manufacturer of Locks in India Link Locks is
based in the City. An approximation puts the total number of
industries at 25,000 which constitute of both Small scale &
Large Scale Industries. Aligarh is having a boom in the
construction business at this point of time, many new multi
level buildings, shopping complexes and apartments have
come up. Many malls are recently being constructed by
major developers from Delhi & Aligarh. Malls in the city
include Great Shopping Mall at Ramghat Road, Many moreare under construction like The Landmark Mall at Marris
Road, Sharda Mall at Center Point, Ozone Mall at Ring Road,
Great Value Mall at Ramghat Road.
There are many popular showrooms of several
internationally known clothing and sports brands in Aligarh.
Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation
(UPSIDC) has developed Taala Nagri Industrial Area at
Ramghat Road.
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There are three Industrial Areas like Industrial Estate,
Pala Road and Taala Nagari. Ahlampur Industrial Area has
been proposed by UPSIDC at Delhi G.T Road. DakshinanchalVidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. provides unrestricted power at
Taala Nagari.
Aligarh is amongst the largest manufacturers and
suppliers of locks and hardware goods in India and is also
one of the largest manufacturers of brass fittings. It also a
manufacturer of plastic and iron toy pistols, handcuffs, belts,
badges for schools and government supply. It also has an
artware and sculpture products Industry. It supplies products
all over the world. Brass market of Aligarh is one of the
largest in India, which employs thousands of skilled laborers.
About 100 tonnes of brass and 50 tonnes of zinc is
processed daily. Iron, aluminum, bronze, and zinc products
are also manufactured in the city.
Aligarh is also a bulk producer of zinc die cast parts byhot chamber die casting process. These products are
consumed in low end domestic market. Consumption of Zinc
alloy in Aligarh is more than the consumption of zinc alloy in
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rest of India. Made in Aligarh Zinc die cast parts can get
broken after 2 to 4 years as Aligarh uses recycled zinc alloy,
which contains lot of impurities, specially lead.Aligarh also has automobile parts industries which
supply their products in India and abroad. It has four fruit
ripening plants which ripens/preserves fruits, dry fruits and
vegetables.
Mar 10, 2000 - Vic: Building industry divided over lock
out ... find AAP General News ( Australia) articles. AAP
General News (Australia) 03-10-2000 Vic: ... Industry
divided over fallout of rise in rupee New Delhi, Apr 8 (PTI)
India Inc is divided whether the Reserve Bank should take
steps to protect ...
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Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh
Aligarh continues to be tense even after over two
months. Indefinite curfew is enforced there since April 6following the eruption of communal riots. It has claimed 12
lives so far.
It all started with a dispute over hanging decorations
outside a temple constructed on the land of Masjid Memaran
in Dahi Wali Gali of the Old City. Half a dozen persons were
killed and dozens injured in the subsequent riots. Triloki, son
of BJP MLA Deoki Nandan Kori was also found dead in the
riots and then mistaken as a Muslim and buried by the local
Police as an unidentified Muslim. Later, after demand his
body was exhumed, identified and cremated.
Local Muslims got registered FIR in the Police Station
concerned. A few persons, including those associated with
the BJP were named in it. The time rolled by but the Police
remained inactive despite the continued tension. Meanwhile,curfew relaxed in parts and rotation in seven Police Stations
of Aligarh in the first week of May.
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Later, two unidentified motorcyclists shot dead two
persons---Raju Kumar, a Samosewaala and Raman Gupta, a
chemist---in two separate incidents on May 19 and 22. Later,again on May 28 O P Gupta, a local BJP leader, too became a
victim to the bullets of the unidentified motorcyclists.
Incidentally, all the three killed were accused in the April 6
riot FIR for instigating the communal riots.
Then in the subsequent riots two persons belonging to
the minority community was lynched by the agitating mob
on the same night of May 28. Since then the curfew that was
relaxed but not lifted, was full-fledged enforced again there.
Till date there is neither reduction of tension, nor
relaxation in curfew. As a result, the tension is growing and
the number of those being detained by the Police is
increasing. It is causing harassment to the weaker sections,
particularly Muslims. Some are arrested for violating the
norms of Curfew by going to the streets in search of somework. They all are labourers and depend upon daily wages.
As is well known, Aligarh is famous for its locks, besides
the internationally renowned Aligarh Muslim University
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(AMU). Over 6,000 manufacturing units of locks are found
here. Even after the entry of the Chinese locks into India,
they are more or less in demand in different parts of thecountry.
Incidentally, all these units are located in the Curfew-
bound areas of Kotwali, Banna Devi, Gandhi Park, Delhi Gate
and Sansi Gate. Therefore, they all are locked since April 6.
About 25,000 employees work in these 6,000 units. Almost
30 per cent of the products are exported. The annual
turnover of the lock industry in Aligarh is Rs 200 crore.
Says Bua Singh, Dirctor General Police, UP: "We will
only lift the curfew after the motorcycle shooters are caught.
Our Special Task Force team is on the run and we expect a
quick result."
The motorcyclists must be identified and caught so that
the culprits might be punished. But so far as the matter of
bringing Aligarh to normalcy is concerned, it may not servethe purpose fully. The continuing tension has got its roots in
the construction of a temple on the land of a mosque.
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The local senior citizens belonging to both the
communities would have to come forward. In this context,
some Muslim organizations like the All India Milli Council,having credibility and confidence in the society, can play a
role in coordinating them.
So far as the local Police is concerned, it could not take
up the case properly. That’s why the
case is still pending since the incident of April 6. The state
government can shirk its responsibility just by suspending
the Aligarh city SP S K Verma and Additional District
Magistrate Satya Bhan and terming the shooting down of the
three accused persons in the April 6 riots FIR as the
retaliatory killing.
Apart from these facts, it can be denied that the Sangh
Parivar has again begun spreading its tentacles in raising
issues that have potential in widening the gap and creating
tension and mistrust in the two communities. The allegedinvolvement of a few local BJP men confirms this.
It is quite clear that the BJP has its eyes concentrated
upon the ensuing assembly polls in Uttar Pradesh next year.
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Its main aim is how to polarise the Hindu votes. But
surprisingly, the Mulayam Singh government doesn seem to
be serious in countering the Sangh s moves.
2001 May 14, 2001 - ... ''We are preparing a case to
file our petition with the Directorate General of
Anti-Dumping and Allied Duties to probe
dumping of locks by China which is threatening
the very fabric of our established industry'',
Vice-President of All India Lock Manufacturers
Association Vijay Kumar ...
From INDIAN LOCK INDUSTRY TO MOVE
AGAINST CHINESE IMPORTS. - Related web
pages
www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286
...
1.
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2002 Jan 25, 2002 - "There's a very heavy bias for
songs from India ... the Malay music industry
doesn't face this situation. ... The situation withthe competition from Bollywood movie
soundtracks, however, took a sharp turn
recently when Lock Up created history for the
local Indian music scene when Ole ...
From Article: `Locking' Indian pop music to
Malaysian taste, BUSINESS TIMES - … - Related
web pages
www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-49758495.html?
refid ...
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2.
2003 Jun 3, 2003 - Although this famous lock
manufacturing unit, famous in India and
abroad, has closed down due to family dispute,
inept government policies and ... The famous
lock industry of Aligarh, encompassing nearly
one and a half century of long history, is today
struggling hard to compete with ...
From Locked out - Lucknow - City - The Times of
India - Related web pages
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow ...
4.
2004 Dec 7, 2004 - The Government of India
announced that it would push for regional trade
agreements (RTAs) though it gave importance
to the multilateral system. The Minister for
Commerce and Industry, Government of India,
has said that 60-70 percent of world trade
would come through RTAs in the next 10 ...
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From INDIA, WTO LOCK HORNS OVER FTAs
(Government of India to push for … - Related
web pageswww.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286
...
6.
2005 Apr 1, 2005 - This lock -in effect has hindered its
development of innovative capacity, which the
industry must foster in order to move up in the
value chain. ... Chapter seven is a lucid and
candid account of what is missing for the
further development of the IT industry in
India that ought to be ...
From India in the Global Software Industry:
Innovations, Firm Strategies and … - Related
web pages
www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286
...
8.
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2006 Jun 23, 2006 - Even after the entry of the
Chinese locks into India, they are more or less
in demand in different parts of the country. ...
The annual turnover of the lock industry in
Aligarh is Rs 200 crore. Says Bua Singh, Dirctor
General Police, UP: "We will only lift the curfew
after the ...
From Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry
in Aligarh - Related web pages
www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/1863
10.
2007 Jan 19, 2007 - United Nations Industrial
Development Organisation (UNIDO) along with
the ministry of small scale industries,
Government of India, had agreed to implement
the National Programme for the Development of
the Indian Lock Industry in 2001, with a
budget of Rs 5.52 crore spread over two ...
From China locks out Aligarh units - Related
web pages
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www.business-
standard.com/india/news/china ...
12.
2008 Dec 15, 2008 - “The idea (behind talent
management) is that you lock in talent and
exploit it,” said Smita Jha, associate director of
the media and ... “Bollywood and Indian
classical music dominate maybe 98% of the
music industry in India and we launched the
label to give musicians who don't play ...
From Music labels plan to float agency to
promote, lock in artistes - Related web pages
www.livemint.com/2008/12/15221823/Music-
labels ...
14.
2009 Jan 21, 2009 - New Delhi, Jan 21 (IANS) The
telecom regulator Wednesday extended the last
date for receiving the industry's views on the
proposed lock -in period on equity sale in new
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licence holding companies to Jan 27. On Jan 9,
the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI) had sought the ... From Date for receiving telecom industry's
views on lock -in period extended - Related web
pages
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Objective of report
• To study the causes of the employees turnover in lack
industry
• To evaluate the present condition of the lock industry
• To counter the problem faced by the industry.
• To study the impact of lock of govt. aid and
infrastructure in lock industry.
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Findings
• Lock of remuneration to employees
• Low wages given to employees
• The increasing rate of completion
• Lack of Govt. aid given to the industry.
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Suggestions
• The govt. aid should be increased to increase the
structure of wages.
• A employees satisfaction should be developed into the
industry so as to decrease the ratio of employees
turnover ratio
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Scope of the study
• The project report deeply examines the cause and
effect of the employee’s turnover in the lock industry.
• The report also deals with the study of the current
condition of the lock industry.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve
the research problem. It may be understood as a science
of studying how research is done scientifically.
When, we talk of research methodology we not only talk
of the research methods but also consider the logic
behind the methods we use in the context of the research
study and explain why we are using a particular method
or technique and why we are not using others so that
research results are capable of being evaluated either by
the researcher himself or by others.
This method of data collection is quite popular in case of
big enquiries. Questionnaire is considered as the heart of
the survey operation. It is low cost even the universe is
large and is widely spread geographically. It is free from
the bias of the interviewer; answers are in respondent’s
own words. It is the best method to collect quantitative as
well as qualitative data. The questionnaire contains a set
of employee’s survey report, and present service provider.
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The questionnaire is prepared with the help of company
guide.
The questionnaire are provided to respondents(employees) who are expected to read and understand
the questions and write down the reply in the space
meant for the purpose in the questionnaire itself. The
respondents (employees) have to answer the questions on
their own.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
The task of data collection is very wide. Basically data is
divided into two categories-
A) Primary data
B) Secondary data
The primary data are those which are collected afresh
and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in
character.
The secondary data on the other hand, are those which
have already been collected by someone else and
which have already been passed through the statistical
process.
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Questionnaire
Name:………………………………..
Address:…………………………….
Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development
of the industry?
(a) Yes
(b) No
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Data Analysis
Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Yes
90%
No
10%
Yes No
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Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Yes
60%
No
40%
Yes No
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Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Yes
85%
No
15%
Yes No
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Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Yes
70%
No
30%
Yes No
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Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development
of the industry?
(a) Yes(b) No
Yes
90%
No
10%
Yes No
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Objective
Scope
Introduction
Security in the 14th and 15th Century
Safecracking under seas
Elegance in The metal
The Mystique of the key
National Programme for the development of Indian
Lock Industry
Aligarh Lock Industry
Aligarh Riots: Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Findings
Suggestion
Limitation
Conclusion
Questionnaire
Bibliography
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Bibliography
www.gogle.com
www.aligarhlockindustry.com
www.indianlock.com
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Conclusion
The problem before the small scale producers of the lock
industry relating to the increasing rate of the labour
turnover as a problematic situation towards the industry.
The report clearly shows the condition and problem of the
lock industry.
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Limitations
Despite all possible efforts in conducting the research there
were some unavoidable situations, which limited the scope
of this project. The limitations of the project fall under the
following :-
1. This research is confined to the lock industry sector
of the Aligarh
2. The study focuses mainly on the lock industry, but
only a brief on the labour welfare, problems of lock
industries and its effect upon the business.
3. The sample taken for the survey confined to a
limited in industrial area.
4. Limitation of time & resources were a major factor
influencing the research study.
5. The industrialist related with lock industry gave less
time to entertain the project, as they were busy in
dealing with their job.