Lock Industry

74
  An Introduct ion to the Histo ry of Locks Locks and keys were known long before the birth of Christ.  They are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and in mythology. In the Book of Nehemiah, chapter 3, it is stated that when repairing the old gates of the City of Jerusalem - probably in 445 B.C. - they "set up the doors thereof, and the locks thereof, and the bars thereof." At this time, locks were made of wood. They were large and crude in design; yet their principle of operation was the forerunner of the modern pin-tumbler locks of today. As locksmiths and metal workers became proficient in their craft, they were invited to make locks and keys for the Royal Courts and for the churches and cathedrals of Europe. They excelled in elaborate and high and highly detailed ornamentation - often adapted to the religious theme.

Transcript of Lock Industry

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 An Introduction to the History of Locks

Locks and keys were known long before the birth of Christ.

 They are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and in

mythology. In the Book of Nehemiah, chapter 3, it is stated

that when repairing the old gates of the City of Jerusalem -

probably in 445 B.C. - they "set up the doors thereof, and the

locks thereof, and the bars thereof." At this time, locks weremade of wood. They were large and crude in design; yet

their principle of operation was the forerunner of the modern

pin-tumbler locks of today.

As locksmiths and metal workers became proficient in their

craft, they were invited to make locks and keys for the Royal

Courts and for the churches and cathedrals of Europe. They

excelled in elaborate and high and highly detailed

ornamentation - often adapted to the religious theme.

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 Security was a Guardian Angel 

In India, in the days of the Emperor of Annam, valuables

were sealed into large blocks of wood, which were placed on

small islands or submerged into surrounding pools of the

inner courts of the palace. Here, they were protected by the

royal "guardian angels," a number of crocodiles kept on

starvation rations so they were always hungry. To venture

into the water meant certain death for the intruder. The

legitimate approach to the treasure was to drug or kill the

crocodiles.

Security was a Knotted Rope

For many hundreds of years, cords of ropes made of rush

and fiber were used to "lock" doors and tie up walls. The

legend goes, a knotted rope became a famous symbol of 

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security. Intricately tied by Gordius, King of Phrygia, and

known by his name, the Gordian Knot, secured the yoke to

the shaft of his chariot. Its untying was pronounced byoracles to be possible only by the man destined to conquer

Asia. However, when Alexander the Great failed to undo the

Gordian Knot, he cut it swiftly with his sword, giving us the

expression, "to cut the Gordian Knot," meaning a bold,

decisive action, effective when milder measures fail.

Locks from the Orient 

Brass and iron padlocks found in Europe and the Far East

were popularized by the Romans and the Chinese. They were

particularly favored because they were portable. They

operated by keys that turned, screwed, and pushed. The

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push-key padlock was of simple construction, the bolt kept in

locked position by the projection of a spring or springs. To

unlock, the springs were compressed or flattened by the key,which freed the bolt and permitted it to slide back. Padlocks

of this type are most universally used in the Orient today.

 The decoration reflects the arts of the countries, and shapes

often took the form of animals - dragons, horses, dogs, even

elephants and hippopotamuses. Padlocks were often

presented in pairs as gifts, with congratulatory messages in

cuneiform characters.

"Firsts" in Development of Locks

 The first mechanical locks, made of wood, were probably

created by a number of civilizations at the same time.

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Records show them in use some 4,000 years ago in Egypt.

Fastened vertically on the door post, the wooden lock

contained moveable pins or "pin tumblers," that dropped bygravity into openings in the cross piece or "bolt," and locked

the door. It was operated by a wooden key with pegs or

prongs that raised the number of tumblers sufficiently to

clear the bolt so that it could be pulled back. This method of 

locking was the forerunner of modern pin tumbler locks.

 The first all-metal lock appeared between the years 870

and 900, and are attributed to the English craftsmen. They

were simple bolts, made of iron with wards (obstructions)

fitted around the keyholes to prevent tampering.

 The first use of wards (fixed projections in a lock) was

introduced by the Romans who devised obstructions to

"ward off" the entry or turning of the wrong key. Wards were

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notched and cut into decorative designs, and warding

became a basic locking mechanism for more than a

thousand years. The first padlocks were "convenient" locksas they could be carried and used where necessary. They

were known in early times to merchants traveling ancient

trade routes to Asia and Europe.

New concepts for locking devices were developed in Europe

in the 17th century. Early Bramah locks utilized a series of 

sliders in a circular pattern to provide exceptional security.

Bramah is the oldest lock company in the world and is

continuing to manufacture its famous mechanism 200 years

later.

Primitives

 The first wooden lock was discovered in Persia as Khorsabad

in security gate in the palace of Sargon II, who reigned from

722 to 705 B.C. In appearance and operation, it was verysimilar to this wooden cane-tumbler locks. The pegs at the

bit end of the key correspond to the bars, or the tumblers, in

the bolt. When inserted, the pegs lifted the tumblers so that

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the bolt could be retracted and the door or gate could

opened.

Locks from the Old World 

Designs of locks and keys were notably influenced by gothic

architecture with evermore elaborate ornamentation

continuing into the period of the Renaissance. Master

locksmiths were invited to make locks for noblemen

throughout Europe. Because of this practice, it is difficult to

document an antique lock as having been produced

specifically in the country where it was in use centuries ago.

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German Castle Locks

 The period from the 14th through the 17th century was oneof artistic accomplishment by superb craftsmen. Locksmiths

were skilled metalworkers who were becoming

internationally famous. They were invited to construct

special locks for noblemen throughout Europe. Using designs

of coats-of-arms and symbolic shapes, they devised intricate

wards and bits for locks and keys and were inspired to

produce increasingly ornamental locks to harmonize with the

architecture of their clients' estates or castles. However,

there were few improvements in locking mechanisms.

Security depended upon intricacies such as hidden keyholes,

trick devices, and complicated warding.

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Security in the 14th and 15th Centuries

  There was little significant improvement in locking

mechanisms in the 14th and 15th centuries. However,

ornamentation became increasingly elaborate. Craftsmen

excelled in metal work and designed and produced locks for

gates, doors, chests, and cupboards. A "Masterpiece" lock

was never used on a door. It was designed and produced as

a one-of-a-kind by a journeyman locksmith, or iron monger

as a "test" to qualify him as a Master. Masterpiece locks

were often displayed without covers to show the component

parts of the mechanisms, their functions, the decorative

designs of lockcases, and method of assembly.

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Padlocks

Padlocks were known early in time to the Greeks, Romans,

Egyptians, and other cultures of the Near East, including the

Chinese. It was believed that the padlock was first used as a

"travel" lock to protect merchandise from brigands along

ancient trade routes and seaboards and waterways where

commerce was centered. Made in small sizes to those of 

tremendous proportions, they represented various geometric

shapes, religious symbols, animals, fish, birds, hearts. They

were operated by keys that turned, screwed, pushed, and

pulled. For better efficiency, letter locks, or combination

padlocks, were developed, which eliminated keys and

operated by alignment of letters or numbers on revolving

disks. Shown here is an American padlock dating back to the

turn-of-the-century. In the popular circular shape, this lock

was probably used on a huge strongbox. It has a single ward

(obstruction) which the key bypasses to project the bolt.

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Locking In

Padlocks were used throughout the centuries to lock

prisoners and possessions. They were usually made of iron,bronze, or brass, and were rugged in construction. However,

internal locking mechanisms were often fairly simple and

easy to defuse.

 This massive Russian padlock shown here was meticulously

hand-forged early in the reign of the last Czar, Nicholas II

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(1895-1918). The large circular ring on the top is the

"handle" or bow of a threaded key which is rotated into the

keyhole to disengage the locking mechanism. When theshackle is in the locking position, the key is removed, and

the plug is inserted to give the illusion that there is no

keyhole. The threaded portion of the key is then screwed

into its protective cover.

Inventive Ingenuity 

As lock-picking became an art in the 18th century, the

inventor met the challenge of the burglar with increasingly

complicated locking mechanisms. Among the new

improvements were keys with changeable bits, "curtain

closed-out" around keyholes to prevent tampering, alarm

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bells combined with the action of the bolt, and "puzzle" or

ring padlocks, with this principle developing into dial face

and bank vault locks, operating without keys and known ascombination locks.

 The early puzzle padlocks were Oriental with from three to

seven rings of characters or letters which released the hasp

when properly aligned. The dial locks were similar in

operation, and both types were combinated to unlock to

words or patterns of numbers known only to the owners or

responsible persons.

At the left is the Eureka, a manipulation-proof combination

lock with five tumblers. For a faithful bank vault used at one

time in the U.S. Treasury Department. Patented in 1862 by

Dodds, MacNeal, and Urban of Canton, Ohio. The operating

dial is a combination of letters and numbers and affords

1,073,741,824 combinations; to run through them all without

interruption would take 2,042 years, 324 days, and 1 hour.

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Castle and Chest Locks

During the gothic era, followed by the exuberant influence of 

the Renaissance, master locksmiths were inspired to product

the most intricate and the finest ornamental locks of all time.

 This was the period when iron craftsmen and lock artisans

became internationally famous. They excelled in the forging,

embossing, engraving, chafing, and etching of metals, and

were invited to make locks and keys for the courts of Europe.

Shown here is a spring latch lock for a castle door. Its

working mechanism is concealed in the classic dome, or

ward house, that shows the Moorish influence. Ornamented

in the style of the period with mythical figures and scrolls, it

is particularly noteworthy as it illustrates the coloring of 

metal, similar to the "niello" process. As the craftsman

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lacked color, he created various stains for metal, which he

used for backgrounds to highlight his design.

Locks for Treasure Chests

Since the earliest times, chests were secured with strong

and frequently very large locks. They were used to protect

precious metals, money, jewels, to store clothing, and

church vestments, archives and arms, linens and other

household articles, bridal finery, and even for burial of 

important people. Chest locks were ornamented for

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household use, or were very plain and sturdy for chests that

were to be transported. Generally, they were mounted inside

the chest, in a vertical position, with bolts spreading to slideinto the lid keeper.

The Key was a Latchstring

In pioneering days of Colonial America, the "key" to the lock

of the house often hung on the outside of the door. It was a

length of string. Doors were latched on the inside with a

pivoted wooded bar or bolt, one end dropping into a slot in

the jamb. Attached was a piece of string that was threaded

through a small hole to the outside. To the visitor, the

dangling string was an immediate welcome, as pulling on it,

raised the bolt and opened the door. This lock and key

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became the origin of our expression of hospitality, "the latch

string is always out."

There were No Secrets in Madrid 

Several centuries ago, in Spain, there was a great distrust of 

locks. To be safe, the householders of a block hired a

watchman to patrol the neighborhood and carry the keys to

their dwellings. To enter or leave a house, the resident

clapped his hands vigorously to summon the watchman with

his key, so, all comings and goings became a matter of 

public record and there was little chance for "hanky panky"

in old Madrid.

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Marie Antoinette's Husband was a Locksmith

His name was Louis, Louis XVI, King of France. Louis didn't

particularly like the business of being a king, but he had an

extraordinary interest in mechanical labor. He spent many

happy hours in his house workshop forging metal and

making locks, skills taught to him by a locksmith named

Gamin. He was particularly proud of an iron security cabinet

which we concealed in a wall to protect his private papers.

Unfortunately, Louis didn't reckon with the Revolutionists, as

his secret hiding place was revealed by Gamin, and his

papers incriminated him. History says, poor Louis, he was as

good a locksmith as he was a bad king.

Safecracking Under Seas

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As a child, Charles Courtney was intrigued with everything

mechanical that he could fix or take apart. He was especially

fascinated with locks, and so began his lifelong career as alock expert. However, he had resolved to become a diver

and do all the things his great, great uncle, Jules Verne, a

novelist, had described in his famous book, Twenty 

Thousand Leagues Under The Sea. Years later, Charles

Courtney realized his dream. Because of his talent for

picking locks, he was hired as a diver to open safes on

sunken ships. He was the first to do a locksmithing job 400

feet under water, and he recovered many millions of dollars

for the salvage companies. Charles Courtney achieved

international fame as a Master Locksmith, also known as a

collector of antique locks, many of them now a part of the

Schlage collection.

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The Safemakers and the Yeggs

Country banks, in the early 1800s were housed in crude

buildings. Safes were simple wooden shafts or strongboxes

reinforced with sheet iron and secured with padlocks. It was

"easy money" for criminal to break in and smash the safe, or

carry it away for "cracking" in privacy. So began the race

between safemakers and safe breakers, or "yeggs" as they

were called. Manufacturers started to build solid iron safes

with key-operated deadbolt locks; yeggs soon defeated them

by pouring explosives into the keyholes and blowing the

doors off their hinges. For better protection, lock makers

developed combination locks without keyholes, later

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combining them with tiny mechanism. Vaults of steel and

concrete were built into the structures of banks. Multiple

locking procedures were devised and so passed the era of the yegg.

To Please a Lady 

Catherine the Great, Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796,

had one of the most notable lock collections of her time. She

admired the fine workmanship of artisans who designed

ornamental faceplates for locks and created padlocks in

fanciful forms to please a lady or a favored child. It is said

that a famous Russian locksmith gained his freedom from

banishment to Siberia my making a chain for Catherine. She

was so impressed with his craftsmanship that she pardoned

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him. As the story goes, this incident is credited with the

origin of a saying that "it takes 89 keys to unlock a prison."

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 Americana

In the mid 1700s, locks were few in the

Colonies and most were copies of 

European mechanisms. With the

founding of the Republic and the new prosperity, there was a

growing demand for sturdy door locks, padlocks, and locks

for safes and vaults, and so the American lock industry had

its start. Each native craftsman had his own ideas about

security, and between 1774 and 1920, American lockmakers

patented some 3,000 varieties of lock devices. Among was

the patent for a "domestic lock," by Linus Yale, Sr. This lock

was a modification of an old Egyptian pin-tumbler principle

that utilized a revolving cylinder.

In the early 1920s, Walter Schlage advanced the

concept of a cylindrical pin-tumbler lock by placing a push-

button locking mechanism between the two knobs. Emphasis

was on security; yet equally important to the modern

architect and decorator, the lock became an intricate part of 

the door design. It was now possible to select complimentary

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styles of locks, metals, and finishes. Shown here is a rim lock

from Fort Sumter at Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The

Fort was the site of the start of the Civil War. On April 12,1861, the Confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter, a

federal garrison. After a bombardment of 36 hours, the Fort

surrendered on April 14. The lock was found by Captain

  James Kelly, formerly a blockade runner, when he was

delivering materials for the rebuilding of Fort Sumter at the

close of the Civil War.

  The revolutionary Schlage lock is a completely different

concept of a cylindrical lock with the button-in-the-knob

mechanism placed between the knobs, introduced by Walter

Schlage in the early 1920s.

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Elegance in Metal 

During the Middle Ages, locks and keys were highly ornate.

Iron began to be worked cold. It was no longer necessary for

the smith to work quickly at the forge; he now used a file, a

cold chisel, and a saw with extraordinary dexterity. The

master locksmith designed special locks for cathedrals and

churches in the shape of a cross and embellished them with

elaborate decorations. He acquired expert skills in repoussé ,

ornametations, overlays, embossing, chaffing, piercing, and

created delicate fretwork in the popular scroll and leaf 

patterns of the period.

Above is a Spanish chuck lock and key with hinged hasp

and rim or lockplate with pairs of facing animals. Belonging

to Queen Isabella, this lock was probably used to secure a

storage chest that may have contained her royal robe and

personal fortune.

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The Mystique of the Key  

For many centuries, keys represented authority, security,

and power. Gods, goddesses, and saints are described as

holders of the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven, to Bottomless

Pit, to Gates of Earth and Sea. Kings, emperors, nobles of the

court, and cities and towns incorporated the symbol of the

key into banners, coats of arms and official seals. The

delivery of keys to a castle, fortress, or city was a ceremonial

event, as is the presentation of the Key-To-The-City today to

a visiting dignitary.

Shown here is a large Roman key.

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Keys from the Time of Nero to Queen

Victoria

  The key was a symbol of man's status, his

authority. Many centuries ago in Egypt, the

importance of the "head of the household" was

determined by the number of keys he owned;

they were large and were carried by slaves on

their shoulders. Should he have several slaves,

or key bearers, he was considered to be a man of great

wealth and distinction. So, through the

ages, the lock and its key have become

an intricate part of our culture. Locking

up personal property, the key symbolizes

our desire for privacy and security for our

possessions. This emblem of keys from

the early Roman period to the 19th

century may include a master key or two, but there are no

duplicates.

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The Ceremony of the Keys

If you have visited the Tower of London, you will remember

the warder, dressed in a red tunic and wearing a Tudor hat

and ruff. Familiarly, he is called a Beefeater. Specifically, he

is an Honorary Yeoman of the Guards, a member of the

Queen's bodyguard. If you spoke to him, you may have

heard the story of the Ceremony of the Keys. Every night,

the Chief Warder locks the Tower gates and brings the keys

to headquarters in the ancient fortress. The sentry calls out

"Halt! Who comes there?" "The Keys." "Whose keys?"

"Queen Elizabeth's keys." Everyone presents arms and the

warder calls out, "God preserve Queen Elizabeth." The guard

responds, "Amen." Tonight and every night, this traditional

ceremony of Britain continues. The yeoman repeats the

same words that have never been changed in 450 years.

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NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LOCK INDUSTRY 

KEY PLAYERS: O/o DC (SSI), UNIDO(TDSP), SIDBI.,

National Small Industries Corporation

All India Lock Manufacturers Association -

Aligarh(UP).Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial

Cooperative

Society, Dindigul.(AP).• PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES:

1. Technological upgradation of Indian Lock Industry.

2. Upgradation of NSIC Technical Services Extension

Centre, Aligarh to the level of the advanced tool

Room & Training & Testing Centre, wherein the

current processes and technology used by the

Lock industry will be upgraded to that of 

international levels.

3. (a) Setting up of SPM at the Aligarh center as per

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Indian requirements for development of Pin

Cylinder Mechanism.

(b) Creation of common facility Center for the

Lock artisan at Dindigul, Tamil Nadu.

4. Establishing a marketing network by participating

in International and National Fairs and conducting

vendor development programmes. Sourcing of 

lock components by leading Lock manufactures

(Godrej etc.).• BUDGET:

US$

(Million) (in Rs.)

Govt. of India 0.60 2,76,00,000

ICAMT/UNIDO 0.12 55,20,000

SIDBI 0.10 46,00,000

Donors/partners

including State Govt.

0.38 1,74,80,000

(to be arranged by

ICAMT-UNIDO)------------- ------------------

1.20 5,52,00,00

• CURRENT STATUS:

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1. The Project Document and the trust Fund

Agreement with UNIDO have been signed in 21st

September 2001.

2. NSIC has been designated as the implementing

agency.

3. The Central Manufacturing Technology Instt.,

Bangalore has agreed to provide necessary design

/ technical inputs.

4. 25 artisans from Dindigul Lock Workers Industrial

Cooperative Society Ltd. Dindigul trained on lock

smithy technology at NSIC Technical ServicesCenter, Aligarh.

5. Participation of the Small Scale Lock

Manufacturers in the Codecia Fair Coimbatore.

6. Till date two meetings of the Steering Committee

of NPDLI have been held under the Chairmanship

of AS&DC (SSI).

7. Step initiated for formation of core group of units

who have already adopted Pin- Cylinder

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 Technology

8. Participation of Lock manufacturing units in

building material exhibition at Venezuelaorganized by Building Material and Technology Up

gradation Council, New Delhi.

9. Specialized Entrepreneurial Development

Programme organized by Dindigul Lock artisans at

Dindigul by SISI Chennai, ICAMT.

10. Organized training on Good manufacturing

Practices for Small Scale Lock manufacturing units

at Technical Services Extension Centre NSIC

Aligarh.

11. Work pertaining to the upgradation of NSIC

 Technical Services Centre at Aligarh and Common

Facility Centre at Dindigul are in progress.

12. Training Programme on Tool & Die making

organised at NSIC, Aligarh from 3rd to 28th March2003 for small-scale lock manufacturers.

13. A Business Delegation to Cologne (Germany)

comprising of 11 small-scale lock manufacturers

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was sponsored from March 9th to 12th 2003.

14. Small scale lock manufacturers from Aligarh

and Dindigul participated in the Techmart Nov2002 and 2003 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.

Organized one day workshop on Lock Technology

 Trends at Aligarh on 17th April 2003.

15. Dr. P.A. Joshi, Lock Expert guided small scale

lock manufacturers at Aligarh on Lock Technology

mapping.

16. Organised Workshop on Lock Standardization

at NSIC, Aligarh on 16th June 2003.

17. TDSP (UNIDO) arranged Senior Expert

Services (SES) from Germany Dr. Norbert

Grabosch on developing pin cylinder technology at

selected 5 SSI lock-manufacturing units from 5th

August 2003 to 20th August 2003.

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Door Locks 

5 Similar 

Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install

product, particularly adaptable for residential use....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

Foryin Lock Factory Ltd 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Door Locks 

5 Similar 

Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install

product, particularly adaptable for residential use....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

Foryin Lock Factory Ltd 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Door Locks 

5 Similar 

Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install

product, particularly adaptable for residential use....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

Foryin Lock Factory Ltd 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Door Locks 

5 Similar 

Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install

product, particularly adaptable for residential use....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

Foryin Lock Factory Ltd 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Door Locks 

5 Similar 

Tubular lockest is an economical and easy to install

product, particularly adaptable for residential use....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

Foryin Lock Factory Ltd 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 PiecesFORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....

Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

Knob Locks 

14 Similar 

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Knob Tubular Locks 

PB finishing (color can be changed by customer's demand)

Suitable for house using....Min. Order: 1000 Pieces

FORYIN LOCK INDUSTRY CO.,LTD 

[ Manufacturer, Trading Company ]

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Industry

Aligarh City is famous as an industrial city. It is also

known as Taala Nagari (Locks City of India). The second

Largest Lock Manufacturer of Locks in India Link Locks is

based in the City. An approximation puts the total number of 

industries at 25,000 which constitute of both Small scale &

Large Scale Industries. Aligarh is having a boom in the

construction business at this point of time, many new multi

level buildings, shopping complexes and apartments have

come up. Many malls are recently being constructed by

major developers from Delhi & Aligarh. Malls in the city

include Great Shopping Mall at Ramghat Road, Many moreare under construction like The Landmark Mall at Marris

Road, Sharda Mall at Center Point, Ozone Mall at Ring Road,

Great Value Mall at Ramghat Road.

  There are many popular showrooms of several

internationally known clothing and sports brands in Aligarh.

Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation

(UPSIDC) has developed Taala Nagri Industrial Area at

Ramghat Road.

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 There are three Industrial Areas like Industrial Estate,

Pala Road and Taala Nagari. Ahlampur Industrial Area has

been proposed by UPSIDC at Delhi G.T Road. DakshinanchalVidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. provides unrestricted power at

 Taala Nagari.

Aligarh is amongst the largest manufacturers and

suppliers of  locks and hardware goods in India and is also

one of the largest manufacturers of brass fittings. It also a

manufacturer of plastic and iron toy pistols, handcuffs, belts,

badges for schools and government supply. It also has an

artware and sculpture products Industry. It supplies products

all over the world. Brass market of Aligarh is one of the

largest in India, which employs thousands of skilled laborers.

About 100 tonnes of brass and 50 tonnes of zinc is

processed daily. Iron, aluminum, bronze, and zinc products

are also manufactured in the city.

Aligarh is also a bulk producer of zinc die cast parts byhot chamber die casting process. These products are

consumed in low end domestic market. Consumption of Zinc

alloy in Aligarh is more than the consumption of zinc alloy in

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rest of India. Made in Aligarh Zinc die cast parts can get

broken after 2 to 4 years as Aligarh uses recycled zinc alloy,

which contains lot of impurities, specially lead.Aligarh also has automobile parts industries which

supply their products in India and abroad. It has four fruit

ripening plants which ripens/preserves fruits, dry fruits and

vegetables.

Mar 10, 2000 - Vic: Building industry divided over lock 

out ... find AAP General News ( Australia) articles. AAP

General News (Australia) 03-10-2000 Vic: ... Industry

divided over fallout of rise in rupee New Delhi, Apr 8 (PTI)

India Inc is divided whether the Reserve Bank should take

steps to protect ...

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Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh

Aligarh continues to be tense even after over two

months. Indefinite curfew is enforced there since April 6following the eruption of communal riots. It has claimed 12

lives so far.

It all started with a dispute over hanging decorations

outside a temple constructed on the land of Masjid Memaran

in Dahi Wali Gali of the Old City. Half a dozen persons were

killed and dozens injured in the subsequent riots. Triloki, son

of BJP MLA Deoki Nandan Kori was also found dead in the

riots and then mistaken as a Muslim and buried by the local

Police as an unidentified Muslim. Later, after demand his

body was exhumed, identified and cremated.

Local Muslims got registered FIR in the Police Station

concerned. A few persons, including those associated with

the BJP were named in it. The time rolled by but the Police

remained inactive despite the continued tension. Meanwhile,curfew relaxed in parts and rotation in seven Police Stations

of Aligarh in the first week of May.

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Later, two unidentified motorcyclists shot dead two

persons---Raju Kumar, a Samosewaala and Raman Gupta, a

chemist---in two separate incidents on May 19 and 22. Later,again on May 28 O P Gupta, a local BJP leader, too became a

victim to the bullets of the unidentified motorcyclists.

Incidentally, all the three killed were accused in the April 6

riot FIR for instigating the communal riots.

 Then in the subsequent riots two persons belonging to

the minority community was lynched by the agitating mob

on the same night of May 28. Since then the curfew that was

relaxed but not lifted, was full-fledged enforced again there.

  Till date there is neither reduction of tension, nor

relaxation in curfew. As a result, the tension is growing and

the number of those being detained by the Police is

increasing. It is causing harassment to the weaker sections,

particularly Muslims. Some are arrested for violating the

norms of Curfew by going to the streets in search of somework. They all are labourers and depend upon daily wages.

As is well known, Aligarh is famous for its locks, besides

the internationally renowned Aligarh Muslim University

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(AMU). Over 6,000 manufacturing units of locks are found

here. Even after the entry of the Chinese locks into India,

they are more or less in demand in different parts of thecountry.

Incidentally, all these units are located in the Curfew-

bound areas of Kotwali, Banna Devi, Gandhi Park, Delhi Gate

and Sansi Gate. Therefore, they all are locked since April 6.

About 25,000 employees work in these 6,000 units. Almost

30 per cent of the products are exported. The annual

turnover of the lock industry in Aligarh is Rs 200 crore.

Says Bua Singh, Dirctor General Police, UP: "We will

only lift the curfew after the motorcycle shooters are caught.

Our Special Task Force team is on the run and we expect a

quick result."

 The motorcyclists must be identified and caught so that

the culprits might be punished. But so far as the matter of 

bringing Aligarh to normalcy is concerned, it may not servethe purpose fully. The continuing tension has got its roots in

the construction of a temple on the land of a mosque.

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  The local senior citizens belonging to both the

communities would have to come forward. In this context,

some Muslim organizations like the All India Milli Council,having credibility and confidence in the society, can play a

role in coordinating them.

So far as the local Police is concerned, it could not take

up the case properly. That’s why the

case is still pending since the incident of April 6. The state

government can shirk its responsibility just by suspending

the Aligarh city SP S K Verma and Additional District

Magistrate Satya Bhan and terming the shooting down of the

three accused persons in the April 6 riots FIR as the

retaliatory killing.

Apart from these facts, it can be denied that the Sangh

Parivar has again begun spreading its tentacles in raising

issues that have potential in widening the gap and creating

tension and mistrust in the two communities. The allegedinvolvement of a few local BJP men confirms this.

It is quite clear that the BJP has its eyes concentrated

upon the ensuing assembly polls in Uttar Pradesh next year.

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Its main aim is how to polarise the Hindu votes. But

surprisingly, the Mulayam Singh government doesn seem to

be serious in countering the Sangh s moves.

 2001 May 14, 2001 - ... ''We are preparing a case to

file our petition with the Directorate General of 

Anti-Dumping and Allied Duties to probe

dumping of locks by China which is threatening

the very fabric of our established industry'',

Vice-President of All India Lock Manufacturers

Association Vijay Kumar ... 

From INDIAN LOCK INDUSTRY  TO MOVE

AGAINST CHINESE IMPORTS. - Related web

pages

www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286

...

1.

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 2002 Jan 25, 2002 - "There's a very heavy bias for

songs from India ... the Malay music industry

doesn't face this situation. ... The situation withthe competition from Bollywood movie

soundtracks, however, took a sharp turn

recently when Lock Up created history for the

local Indian music scene when Ole ... 

From Article: `Locking' Indian pop music to

Malaysian taste, BUSINESS TIMES - … - Related

web pages

www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-49758495.html?

refid ...

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2.

 2003 Jun 3, 2003 - Although this famous lock 

manufacturing unit, famous in India and

abroad, has closed down due to family dispute,

inept government policies and ... The famous

lock industry of Aligarh, encompassing nearly

one and a half century of long history, is today

struggling hard to compete with ... 

From Locked out - Lucknow - City - The Times of 

India - Related web pages

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow ...

4.

 2004 Dec 7, 2004 - The Government of India 

announced that it would push for regional trade

agreements (RTAs) though it gave importance

to the multilateral system. The Minister for

Commerce and Industry, Government of India,

has said that 60-70 percent of world trade

would come through RTAs in the next 10 ... 

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From INDIA, WTO LOCK HORNS OVER FTAs

(Government of India to push for … - Related

web pageswww.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286

...

6.

 2005 Apr 1, 2005 - This lock -in effect has hindered its

development of innovative capacity, which the

industry must foster in order to move up in the

value chain. ... Chapter seven is a lucid and

candid account of what is missing for the

further development of the IT industry in

India that ought to be ... 

From India in the Global Software Industry:

Innovations, Firm Strategies and … - Related

web pages

www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286

...

8.

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 2006 Jun 23, 2006 - Even after the entry of the

Chinese locks into India, they are more or less

in demand in different parts of the country. ...

 The annual turnover of the lock industry in

Aligarh is Rs 200 crore. Says Bua Singh, Dirctor

General Police, UP: "We will only lift the curfew

after the ... 

From Aligarh Riots : Lock on the lock industry

in Aligarh - Related web pages

www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/1863

10.

 2007 Jan 19, 2007 - United Nations Industrial

Development Organisation (UNIDO) along with

the ministry of small scale industries,

Government of India, had agreed to implement

the National Programme for the Development of 

the Indian Lock Industry in 2001, with a

budget of Rs 5.52 crore spread over two ... 

From China locks out Aligarh units - Related

web pages

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www.business-

standard.com/india/news/china ...

12.

 2008 Dec 15, 2008 - “The idea (behind talent

management) is that you lock in talent and

exploit it,” said Smita Jha, associate director of 

the media and ... “Bollywood and Indian

classical music dominate maybe 98% of the

music industry in India and we launched the

label to give musicians who don't play ... 

From Music labels plan to float agency to

promote, lock in artistes - Related web pages

www.livemint.com/2008/12/15221823/Music-

labels ...

14.

 2009 Jan 21, 2009 - New Delhi, Jan 21 (IANS) The

telecom regulator Wednesday extended the last

date for receiving the industry's views on the

proposed lock -in period on equity sale in new

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licence holding companies to Jan 27. On Jan 9,

the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 

(TRAI) had sought the ... From Date for receiving telecom industry's

views on lock -in period extended - Related web

pages

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Objective of report

•  To study the causes of the employees turnover in lack

industry

•  To evaluate the present condition of the lock industry

•  To counter the problem faced by the industry.

•   To study the impact of lock of govt. aid and

infrastructure in lock industry.

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Findings

• Lock of remuneration to employees

• Low wages given to employees

• The increasing rate of completion

• Lack of Govt. aid given to the industry.

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Suggestions

•   The govt. aid should be increased to increase the

structure of wages.

• A employees satisfaction should be developed into the

industry so as to decrease the ratio of employees

turnover ratio

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Scope of the study

•   The project report deeply examines the cause and

effect of the employee’s turnover in the lock industry.

•   The report also deals with the study of the current

condition of the lock industry.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve

the research problem. It may be understood as a science

of studying how research is done scientifically.

When, we talk of research methodology we not only talk

of the research methods but also consider the logic

behind the methods we use in the context of the research

study and explain why we are using a particular method

or technique and why we are not using others so that

research results are capable of being evaluated either by

the researcher himself or by others.

 This method of data collection is quite popular in case of 

big enquiries. Questionnaire is considered as the heart of 

the survey operation. It is low cost even the universe is

large and is widely spread geographically. It is free from

the bias of the interviewer; answers are in respondent’s

own words. It is the best method to collect quantitative as

well as qualitative data. The questionnaire contains a set

of employee’s survey report, and present service provider.

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 The questionnaire is prepared with the help of company

guide.

  The questionnaire are provided to respondents(employees) who are expected to read and understand

the questions and write down the reply in the space

meant for the purpose in the questionnaire itself. The

respondents (employees) have to answer the questions on

their own.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

 The task of data collection is very wide. Basically data is

divided into two categories-

A) Primary data

B) Secondary data

 The primary data are those which are collected afresh

and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in

character.

 The secondary data on the other hand, are those which

have already been collected by someone else and

which have already been passed through the statistical

process.

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Questionnaire

Name:………………………………..

Address:…………………………….

Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development

of the industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

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Data Analysis

Q.1 Are you satisfied with you wages in this industry?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes

90%

No

10%

Yes No

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Q.2 The increasing conditions is suitable?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes

60%

No

40%

Yes No

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Q.3 Do you want to leave for a better opportunity?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes

85%

No

15%

Yes No

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Q.4 Are you satisfied with your work?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Yes

70%

No

30%

Yes No

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Q.5 Do you feel to have an requirement for the development

of the industry?

(a) Yes(b) No

Yes

90%

No

10%

Yes No

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objective

Scope

Introduction

Security in the 14th and 15th Century

Safecracking under seas

Elegance in The metal

The Mystique of the key

National Programme for the development of Indian

Lock Industry

Aligarh Lock Industry

Aligarh Riots: Lock on the lock industry in Aligarh

Research Methodology

Data Analysis

Findings

Suggestion

Limitation

Conclusion

Questionnaire

Bibliography 

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Bibliography

www.gogle.com

www.aligarhlockindustry.com

www.indianlock.com

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Conclusion

 The problem before the small scale producers of the lock

industry relating to the increasing rate of the labour

turnover as a problematic situation towards the industry.

 The report clearly shows the condition and problem of the

lock industry.

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Limitations

Despite all possible efforts in conducting the research there

were some unavoidable situations, which limited the scope

of this project. The limitations of the project fall under the

following :-

1. This research is confined to the lock industry sector

of the Aligarh

2. The study focuses mainly on the lock industry, but

only a brief on the labour welfare, problems of lock

industries and its effect upon the business.

3. The sample taken for the survey confined to a

limited in industrial area.

4. Limitation of time & resources were a major factor

influencing the research study.

5.  The industrialist related with lock industry gave less

time to entertain the project, as they were busy in

dealing with their job.