Locating information on World Hunger Where to look How to search How to evaluate.
Transcript of Locating information on World Hunger Where to look How to search How to evaluate.
First, identify what you need
Why does the deficiency matter? Is the deficiency a problem in a
particular region? What is the extent of the problem? Who is affected?
Why the deficiency matters
What impact does the deficiency have onThe individual?The household?The region?
Sources for consequences of deficiencies
Course readings World Health Organization (WHO) –
nutrition section Health encyclopedia Internet search
Search terms: name of nutrient, condition(s) caused by lack of nutrient, <nutrient> deficiency, -ies
Prevalence in a region
Data!Numbers – tables, charts, graphsPopulations – age, gender, racePercentages – how many of a
population are effected?
Where to find data
International agencies WHO, FAO, UNICEF, UNDP, WFP
Specific focus – may be government or non-governmentalMicronutrient Initiative, Helen Keller,
ICCIDD
Why is there a problem?
Lack of food Lack of food diversity Lack of nutrient in staple food
Is the lack chronic or acute? Is it the result of a manmade or
natural disaster?
Programs
Describe specific programs (projects) to address a specific need in a specific population in a specific region
For example: Distributing Vitamin A supplements to children under 5 during National Immunization Day in Zambia.
Locating Program Information
Search the InternetBUT be sure to check the authority of
the information you locate Search library databases
To locate articles written in journals about programs
Internet Search Engines
Many sites allow advertisers to pay for better placement in the results
On some sites it is easier to distinguish between search hits and advertisements (Sponsored Links; Sponsored Matches)
Evaluate the site you select to see if it is trying to sell you something
Search tips for Internet Search Engines
Look for “help” link on search page Use specific words and synonyms Put quotation marks around phrases
“iodine deficiency” Put + in front of important words
+goiter +statistics Use truncation to find multiple endings
Cretin* to find cretin, cretins, cretinism
Evaluating a website
What is the AUTHORITY of the author or organization to provide information about the topic?
How CURRENT is the information? Can you find a date on the page or
with the data?Johns Hopkins University – Evaluating
Information found on the Internet http://www.library.jhu.edu/elp/useit/evaluate/
Library Databases
To find articles published in journals use library databases
Scholarly research – not just “what we did” but why, how, results, analysis
Harder to find very current information Sometimes the article is not online –
but it may be in the library
Selecting a database
There are numerous databases to choose from
Different databases cover different journals
Databases are often subject-specific
Databases for World Hunger
Academic Search Premier – wide range of subjects, some full-text articles
Medline (PubMed) – wide range of health related articles – some full-text
CINAHL – Allied Health – nutrition Agricola – Agriculture
Search terms
Use synonyms or related wordsIodine deficiency or goiter or cretinism
Use AND between your search terms – this will only return records with both termsIodine deficiency and zambia
Use truncation to find multiple endingsCretin* to find cretin, cretins, cretinism
Searching Databases
Look at the subjects or descriptors on “good” recordsDifferent terms than your searchOther terms that are relevant
Do a new search using subjects or descriptors
Full text access
Some articles in databases include full text – look for a “full text” or PDF link
If the full text is not thereLook for a link for “linked full text” that
will take you to another locationLook for the SFX button – click on it to
see if any full text is available in the library, or if it is in print
Ask for help
If you are having trouble finding information ask a librarian for assistance
Keep track of all of the places you have looked and the search terms you used
Don’t wait until the last minute!
Citing your sources
You must fully cite all of your sources of information in your assignments
Use the APA FormatLink with examples at
http://www.library.gsu.edu/instruction/citation-styles.pdf
Full manual at the reference desk Use in-text citations for material you
copy or paraphrase
Policy on Academic Honesty
http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwdos/codeofconduct_conpol.html
Plagiarism. Plagiarism is presenting another person’s work as one’s own. Plagiarism includes any paraphrasing or summarizing of the works of another person without acknowledgment, including the submitting of another student’s work as one’s own. Plagiarism frequently involves a failure to acknowledge in the text, notes, or footnotes the quotation of the paragraphs, sentences, or even a few phrases written or spoken by someone else.
Falsification. It is a violation of academic honesty to misrepresent material or fabricate information in an academic exercise, assignment or proceeding.
Helen Keller International (2001). Iron deficiency in Cambodia: the need for iron supplementation among preschool-aged children. Cambodia Nutrition Bulletin 2(6). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.hkiasiapacific.org/_downloads/CmbNutrBul_vol2_iss6.pdf
World Health Organization. (2003). Combating vitamin A deficiency, the challenges. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.who.int/nut/vad.htm
Iron Deficiency Anemia – China. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2004 , from Tulane University, International Nutrition Program, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development Web site: http://www.tulane.edu/~internut/Countries/China/chinairon.html
Full APA Reference to a website document
A 1992 survey found that iron deficiency rates in China for women over 15 years old is 22.7% (Iron Deficiency Anemia – China)
In-text reference – direct quote“Anemia prevalence among children 6-11 months of age was 79% and nearly 20% had an Hb <9 g/dL. This level of severity more or less persisted into the second year of life and then declined after 24 mo of age but was still very high.” (Helen Keller International, 2001, p.2)
In-text reference – direct quote – no page number“Crucial for maternal and child survival, supplying adequate vitamin A in high-risk areas can significantly reduce mortality. Conversely, its absence causes a needlessly high risk of disease and death.” (WHO, 2003, para. 3)
In-text references
Making Comparisons
Identify what criteria are relevant for the comparison Is the deficiency affecting the same population? Is the staple food the same? Is the infrastructure/level of industrialization
comparable? For each criterion:
Yes, they are the same or No, they are not the same
Will that impact the likelihood of the program succeeding? Why or why not?
Evaluating program information Was the program successful?
Are there data showing a decrease in the prevalence of the deficiency or condition?
Why was it or wasn’t it successful? What internal and/or external support was
needed? What infrastructure was needed? What geologic conditions were needed? What education was needed?
Review of Submission
Not just a compilation! You may need a team to check references
• Make sure reference is complete• Make sure URL is correct• Make sure in-text citations are present and refer
to items in the Reference List (Works Cited)• Make sure all information is documented in a
reference
Sections should flow together and not contain internal contradictions.