Localizing XML documents (at source level) using XSLT

AI'2003 Software Engineering 1

Localizing XML documents (at source level) using XSLT

Presented by: Yijun [email protected]://cxsl.sourceforge.net


Overview

1. Motivated by an example

2. Localizing engine: an XSL style sheet

3. XML documents localized HTML, XSL, DocBook, etc.

4. Applications of l10n and i18n1. Program source code localization

2. Document localization

5. Summary

6. Future work


1.1 An HTML document

<html>

<head>

<title>A HTML document</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Hello, world!</h1>

</body>

</html>

English words

Hyper Text Markup Language

English tag


<html> <head> <title>HTML文档 </title> </head> <body> <h1>你好，世界！ </h1> </body></html>

English tags

Chinese characters

1.2 Presentation level localization


1.3 Source level localization

Presentation level localization still requires user’s competence in English to express the HTML tags

Source level localization is feasible, because: HTML can be represented using XHTML, which is a

dialect of XML XML allows unicode tags and attributes Given a mapping dictionary, XSLT can transform

one set of tags/attributes into another language


LocalizeXSLT

SOURCEXML document

in English:

XHTMLXSL…

HTML

XSL CXSL

CHTML

…………

dictionary

TARGETlocalized

XML document:

CHTMLCXSL

…

2. The localizing engine


stylesheet

output method=“xml” indent=“yes”

Name spaces:xmlns:xslxmlns:&source;xmlns:&target;

Entities:&source;&target;&dictionary;

template match=“/”

template match=“&source;:*”

template name=“translate-element”

template name=“filter”

template name=“filter-string”

apply-templatesselect=“&source;:*”

for-each element call-template

for-each ”axis::”, “function(“ call-template

$node, $tag

$attr

for-each attribute call-template

LocalizeXSLT

$str


2. (cont) using a dictionary

<dictionary>

<entry type=“element”>

<html>HTML</html>

<chtml>超文本标注语言 </chtml>

</entry>

…

</dictionary>


3. XML document localized

<超文本标注语言 > <文本首 > <标题 >超文本文档 </标题 > </文本首 > <文本体 > <标题一 >你好，世界！ </标题一 > </文本体 ></超文本标注语言 >

Chinese tags

Chinese characters


Demo 1

Inversing the source-target namespace, the same localizing XSLT can be regarded as an internationalizing XSLT

C:>xsltproc l10n.xsl l10n.xsl> l10n.xmlC:>xsltproc i10n.xsl l10n.xml> i18n.xml

The localization (l10n) and internationalization (i18n) at source level instead of presentation level makes the translation thorough


4. Applications

1. Source code localization C, Java, Fortran, PL/IX, etc.

2. Documentation localization LaTeX, RTF, PDF, Postscript, etc.


4.1 Source code localization

Program source code level localization Given the program grammar in YACC, the

program syntax tree can be automatically XMLized into an XML document using YAXX

The localization of the generated XML leads to a localized program after applying another XSLT transformation


LocalizeXSLT

A program in localized L

An XML syntax tree

A program in L, e.g. C program, or localized C

A YACC grammar of a language L, e.g.

ANSI C, YACC, …

Parser for L

YACC YAXX

Localized XML syntax tree

Code generationXSLT


Demo 2 (offline)

ANSIC grammar in YACC An example C program Syntax XML document and DTD generated by

YAXX, in “ansic-dictionary.xml”, the <yaxx> entries can be generated from YAXX too

The localized CYAXX document The code generation XSLT’s for YAXX and

CYAXX outputs identical program because the leaf tokens are the same! One can also choose to localize the text() content.


LocalizeXSLT

DocBook

DB2LaTeXXSLT

LocalizedDocBook

LaTeX CJK LaTeX

DB2CLaTeXXSLT

4.2 DocBook localization


Demo 3 (offline)

The DocBook version of the paper Clues for LaTeX users

Tricks of using DocBook to write an article \usepackage{CJKLatex} for localized Chinese-

Japanese-Korean LaTeX users openjade is a SGML tool that converts

DocBook into LaTeX and HTML. It is chosen for the HTML generation of the paper.

db2Latex is a set of XSL stylesheets, they are adapted to use CJKLaTeX with minor changes.


5. Summary

L10n & i18n through an XSLT style sheet Separate multi-lingual dictionaries from the

common automatic XSLT translator The localization is at the source level instead

of at the presentation level Not only the XML dialects (HTML, XSL,

DocBook, etc. ) can be localized, an arbitrary programming language can be as well

Helps not only web-designers, but also programmers and document authors


6. Future work

Future improvementsOne-to-many translation selection using

context cluesText2speech markup and translationsConsider natural language translation

We hope someday the Unite Nations will use a similar tool to process multi-lingual speeches and documents

Localizing XML documents (at source level) using XSLT

Documents

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