Localized Power Supply

8/8/2019 Localized Power Supply

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LOCALIZED POWER SUPPLYAnd

THE CONCEPT OF MICRO GRID:A HOPE FOR FUTURE DEMAND SATISFACTION and RURAL ELECTRIFICATION


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Some statistics about rural electrification:

Gujarat stands top in the rural electrification sector while Jharkhand,

Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Uttranchal, Madhya Pradesh etc are

some of the states where significant number (more than 10%) of

villages are yet to be electrified.

Number of Villages (1991 Census) - 593,732

Villages Electrified (30 May 2006) - 488,173

Village level Electrification % - 82.2%


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Demand and deficit:

Demand is increasing day-by-day and Indiahas touched an all time high deficit of 13.8 %this June.

Andhra Pradesh set a record of maximumutilization in a day of 22 million units that ismuch more than what we generate.

Drought like conditions and depletion of coaland other resources resulted in meager

production of power in the country and By this Indian Business firms have lost Rs.

43,000 crore due to power deficit.


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NATIONAL POWER GRID:

A wide area synchronous grid or "interconnection" is a group of

distribution areas all operating with alternating current (AC) frequencies

synchronized (so that peaks occur at the same time). This allows transmissionof AC power throughout the area, connecting a large number of electricity

generators and consumers and potentially enabling more efficient electricity

markets and redundant generation.


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Limitations and drawbacks:

Huge Transmission and distribution losses.

Failure at any location leading to a black-out.

Connection of a village to the grid may proveheavily expensive.

Demand and deficit exert their pressurethrough out the country.

Regularization of power distribution may notencourage usage of renewable energyresources.


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Transmission and Distribution

Losses Causes of above mentioned losses: - Haphazard growths of sub-transmission and distribution

system with the short-term objective of extension of powersupply to new areas.

- Large scale rural electrification through long 11kV and LT

lines. - Too many stages of transformations.

- Improper load management.

- Inadequate reactive compensation

- Poor quality of equipment used in agricultural pumping inrural areas,

cooler air-conditioners and industrial loads in urban areas. -Theft and pilferage account for a substantial part of the high

transmission and distribution losses. It is estimated that awhopping Rs.35, 000 Crore is lost in pilferage and electricalpower theft.


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MICRO GRID

A MICRO GRID is a small-scale power supplynetwork that is designed to provide energy for asmall community. The small community may be atypical housing estate,

- An isolated rural community, - A mixed suburban environment,

- An academic or public community such as auniversity or school,

- A commercial area,

- An industrial site, - A trading estate, or

- A municipal region.


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According to the current clinical research and

applications, a micro grid is powered by Photo voltaics.

Micro-CHP generators.

Wind, tidal energies and waste-water re-utilization.

Fuel cells.

Micro-generators.

Various other co-generationtechniques and


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ADVANTAGES

the ease of reliability on MICRO GENERATION.

Heavy reduction of transmission and distribution losses.

Deregulation of system failures

Its usage can be heavily appreciated in lesser and domesticload consumption and rural electrification where there is no

power distribution at all. the dependence on the national or major power grids will,

gradually be decreased and

Concerns over depletion of natural and fossil resources willbe mitigated and external dependence on nuclear technologywill be reduced.

the synchronization with normal grids will effectively yieldbetter results.

Eco-friendly and negligible CO2 emissions.


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Ongoing Research:

Microgrid research and development is addressingmany challenges ahead to make it more reliable andefficient. Namely, these include:

Improvement of energy efficiency of high powerdensity facilities, including data centers, serverfarms, and telecommunications facilities

Advanced energy delivery technologies Integration of power systems, including systems to

deliver high-quality electric power and electric powerreliability


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FEASIBILTY

India is 5th largest producer of Wind power.

India has one of the largest coastal lines in southAsian countries thatll help in generating tidalenergy.

Due to a major portion of India still residing invillages and largely depending on agriculture,developing micro grid concept and ruralelectrification leads to better standard of living andincreased crop productivity.

Rectified efficiency through minimum transmissionand distribution losses catapult countrys growth toimmense levels.


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A prototype microgrid can be found at thesite of a former Mont-Cenis coal mine in Germanys

Nordheim-Westfalen. The12,000 m2 building, which houses a training

academy, is powered by a 1MW photovoltaicarray integrated into the roof and faade

of the glass envelope structure, and bya CHP generator which is fuelled by

methane escaping from the disused coalmine. A 1.2MWh battery ensures smooth

integration into the local electricity supply,and the heat is used for the academy, and

surrounding hospital.


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With the vast scope of

research, wide range ofapplications and the

adaptability to renewable

resources of energy, this

field of distribution systemsis standing as a hope to

answer innumerable

questions thats been irking

the governments and

individuals alike.


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Topics to be covered in the coming

presentations The power generation techniques in the

micro grid distribution system

Study of system efficiency, frequencycontrol and voltage balance

Micro grid protection

M

odern day applications and scope offuture research and possibilities of Electric

regeneration.


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References:

Wikipedia.org

IEEE.org

Indianstats.com

Miscellaneous

THANK YOU

Project guide: Mr. R. Linga Swamy, M.tech

Presentation by:

Pruthvi Bharadwaj 0107-209

R. Karthik Kumar 0107-245

R. Balaji 0107-247

S. Kranthi Kumar 0107-248

T. Vijay Kumar 0107-256

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