Local Spot Khovd 2006x -

Local Spot 2006: Khovd - Bird migration in western Mongolia

Axel Bräunlich, Khovd, March 2007

White’s Thrush Red-mantled Rosefinch

For observations from 2007 see Birding Mongolia at http://birdsmongolia.blogspot.com

Bird migration in western Mongolia 2006

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Introduction

Together with my wife Katja above Buyant river valley. The snow-capped peaks of the Mongolian Altai in the background are well over 3000 m above sea level. From these mountains it is c50 km to the Chinese border (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region).

In October 2005 my wife Katja and I moved to Khovd in western Mongolia. I work here as adviser to the Altai-Sayan Field Office of WWF Mongolia (www.wwf.mn), and Katja teaches German at Khovd University. In my spare time I try to gather as much data on the avifauna of Khovd as possible. Some results from 2006 are presented here. Background Khovd (48˚00’N 91˚38’E) is a small town (c35,000 inhabitants) at the foot of the Mongolian Altai in western Mongolia. It is situated at c.1400 m a.s.l. in the valley of the Buyant gol (river) which has its source in the Altai. The Buyant is a tributary of the Khovd river which eventually flows into Khar Us Lake (part of the Central Asian Internal Drainage System, i.e. there is no connection to any ocean). The climate (see diagram next page) is strongly continental and arid, characterized by low temperatures and low and erratic rainfall (123 mm/year). Winters are long and cold with an average of five months with mean temperatures below 0°C; springs are dry and windy with frequent dust storms, and summers relatively "wet" and hot. The mean yearly temperature is minus 0.1°C, with monthly means ranging from minus 25.5°C in January to 19.1°C in July. The lowest recorded temperature is minus 48°C and the highest 35°C. Wide daily fluctuation is typical (up to 35°C), and the annual range is up to 90°C. Most of the precipitation falls in the warm season which continues from April until October with nearly 70 % falling between June and August.

Looking from the stadium in Khovd south-west along the Buyant gol valley towards the Mongolian Altai.


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Winter landscape, Buyant gol. →

Fig. 1. Khovd city as seen from a height of 8.7 km (photo taken in summer 2006). 1 “Airport Plantation”, 2 stadium/”City Plantation”, 3 Otzon Chuluu plantation. Distance 1 to 3: c7 km. The little red dot • shows the location of our house.1

Booted Warbler

White’s Thrush

1 Image © Google Earth. All other photos were taken by myself © in Khovd, except the view of Otzon Chuluu and the Laughing Dove, both which were taken by Anna Lenhard.


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Fig. 2. Aerial view of Khovd, looking north-east. In the foreground the stadium and adjacent “City Plantation”. The red dot indicates our home. June 2006.

Fig. 3. Irrigated poplar plantation near the stadium in Khovd, June 2006.


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Fig. 4. Plantation Otzon Chuluu, c.3 km north of Khovd. Photo A. Lenhard.

Fig. 5. Inside Otzon Chuluu plantation, early September 2006.


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Fig. 6. Aerial view of “Airport Plantation” (no 1 in Fig. 1); looking ENE. June 2006.

>100 Güldenstädt’s Redstarts were counted here one day in mid-October!

Fig. 7. Buyant gol valley, looking south towards Khovd, 2 October 2006.


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Sites & Effort Khovd is situated in a region dominated by desert steppe. The river valley of the fast-flowing Buyant gol near Khovd consists mainly of gravel and heavily overgrazed flat areas (see photo on page 14). Especially along the river a “gazing lawn” developed through many decades of use by domestic livestock. Wetland birds are rather scarce due to lack of suitable habitats2. Gravel-extraction and a brick production resulted in the creation of small standing water bodies next to town. Additionally, some areas near the river are flooded in spring. I visited these habitats occasionally only. Most of my observations came form three sites:

“Airport Plantation”, c.20 ha, no. 1 in Fig. 1, overview Fig. 6. Dense sea buckthorn plantation, poplar coppice, and fallow land.

Stadium and surroundings (“City Plantation”), c. 20 ha, no. 2 in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, 3. Inside the stadium high poplars with plenty of leaf litter beneath. Otherwise mainly open poplar plantation and thorny bushes.

Otzon Chuluu c.26 ha, no. 3 in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, 5. The most productive site. Willow hedges (wind breaks), poplar coppice, elm thickets, dense sea buckthorn, grassland, small vegetable patches, potato field, and fallow land.

Thus the majority of my observations in 2006 came from an area of less than one square kilometre!

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2

4

6

8

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J J J F F F M M M A A A M M M J J J J J J A A A S S S O O O N N N D D D

I went birdwatching in Khovd on 143 days in 2006, with the main effort during peak migration seasons (March-May, September and October).

Observation days (n=143) per monthly decades, Khovd 2006.

Observations I recorded 186 species in Khovd in 2006. Further four species were seen by others: Common Crane, Eurasian Curlew and Goldcrest by Valdemar Holmgren, and Laughing Dove by Anna Lenhard. All species were recorded through sight observations, except for Red-mantled Rosefinch, which was not discovered in the field, but mist-netted. Thus the total number of species

2 The Buyant gol is obviously not a migration corridor for waterbirds. However, tens of thousands of waterbirds can be seen in Khar Us Nuur National Park, with its several thousand square kilometers of wetlands, just 30 km (as the crow flies) east from Khovd.


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recorded in 2006 from a stretch of c.10 km along the Buyant gol valley near Khovd is 190!

Over half (119) of the species recorded were encounter less than 10 times (including 57 species with just one or two observations).

Evermann's Redstart Khovd

02468

1012

18.0

3.20

0619

.03.

2006

20.0

3.20

0621

.03.

2006

22.0

3.20

0623

.03.

2006

24.0

3.20

0625

.03.

2006

26.0

3.20

0627

.03.

2006

28.0

3.20

0629

.03.

2006

30.0

3.20

0631

.03.

2006

01.0

4.20

0602

.04.

2006

03.0

4.20

0604

.04.

2006

05.0

4.20

0606

.04.

2006

07.0

4.20

0608

.04.

2006

09.0

4.20

0610

.04.

2006

11.0

4.20

0612

.04.

2006

13.0

4.20

0614

.04.

2006

15.0

4.20

0616

.04.

2006

17.0

4.20

0618

.04.

2006

date

n

male female

Spring migration of Evermann’s Redstart in Khovd, 2006.

Despite the relatively low overall individual numbers, the different peaks for males and females are clearly visible.

Booted Eagles

Large numbers of Black-eared Kites roost in Khovd, mainly in the “City Plantation” (see photo on title page). Dark morph Booted Eagles (almost 90% of all individuals observed were dark morphs) can look superficially similar and can easily be overlooked among them, especially since they are resting mostly in deeper cover (see photo left) than the kites. This is probably to avoid the frequent attacks by crows (photo right) – which seem to ignore the kites, but get frantic when discovering a Booted Eagle! A list of all 190 species recorded, including the total number of observations per species, the single day maxima (individuals) for each species, and the total individuals per species is given in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 lists the 25 commonest species for 2006.


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Special Records & Surprises The greatest surprise for me was the large number of species which can be seen here in Khovd (e.g. 20 species of birds of prey and 12 species of bunting in 2006). If I had spend some more time at the little standing wetlands (gravel ponds, “brick” ponds), the number of species for one year would certainly have topped 200!

During an early morning walk on 22 September with Martin Gilbert and colleagues from the Wildlife Conservation Society (who were passing through Khovd), Martin found Mongolia’s second European Pied Flycatcher (the first was seen and photographed not far from Khovd in May).

On 18 October, Valdemar Holmgren, a birdwatcher from Sweden working in Khovd called me to tell me that he just found an European Greenfinch at the “Airport Plantation”. I jumped into a taxi (there’s a taxi stand right in front of my house!) and Khovd saw its first twitch ever… When I joined Valdemar a few minutes later, we were able to relocate the greenfinch, and even found a second. This observation came almost exactly one year after I found Mongolia’s first European Greenfinch, less than two kilometres away (on 23 October 2005)!

My second try to twitch a rarity in Khovd wasn’t successful. On 29 November, Anna Lenhard, a Swiss teaching German at Khovd University discovered a Laughing Dove in her backyard in the Kazakh quarter of Khovd and took a few digital photographs of it. Over the next days I checked several times the backyard – but dipped.

Other rare species recorded in Khovd in 2006 were Wood Warbler and Corncrake. But also commoner species made interesting appearances, for example Bearded Tits resting in low coppice, far away from water; a Red-throated Pipit which sat on morning the fence of the WWF office in centre of town; the large numbers of Ortolan Buntings, which were resting preferably on gravel plains almost devoid of vegetation; the rather large numbers of Booted Eagles (see photo on page 8), or the very large flock of mainly juvenile Rose-coloured Starling resting in poplars behind the stadium in mid-July.

Mongolia’s first European Greenfinch, October 2005. (Photographed with a digital camera through my binoculars!)

Juvenile Northern Goshawk with unusual plumage pattern

(barred belly). “Airport Plantation”, November 2006. Comments are welcome!


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Laughing Dove, Khovd, November 2006. Photo Anna Lenhard

Mongolia’s second European Pied

Flycatcher, Khovd, June 2006.

Acknowledgements Valdemar Holmgren contributed some sightings, called me when he found Mongolia’s second European Greenfinch and was a good companion on several bird walks in Khovd.

Anna Lenhard contributed the photograph of Otzen Chuluu and documented the Laughing Dove in her backyard.

Tom Noah was my connection to the “outside world”, sending me copies of papers, discussing observations by e-mail and on the phone, and exchanging bird news (among others) from back home with me. And he visited us.

My wife Katja joined me on many walks, found quite a few birds for me, and was always supportive in any possible way.

The owners/keepers of the plantations in Khovd granted me access to their property.

Thank you very much!

Isabelline Shrike

Meadow Bunting


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Appendix 1. Species List Khovd 2006 obs: total number of observations max: single day maximum (individuals) ind: total individuals (daily totals=maximum ind. per day added up).

species obs max ind

1. Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar 5 13 45 2. Daurian Partridge Perdix dauurica 16 13 74 3. Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus 2 2 3 4. Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 6 48 87 5. Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 29 22 141 6. Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 1 5 5 7. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 11 14 46 8. Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 3 3 7 9. Northern Pintail Anas acuta 2 5 7 10. Common Teal Anas crecca 1 1 1 11. Goosander Mergus merganser 7 17 28 12. Black Stork Ciconia nigra 15 2 18 13. Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 4 2 7 14. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 22 29 115 15. Great Egret Ardea alba 11 3 14 16. Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 13 12 61 17. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni 7 14 34 18. Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 19 2 21

Lesser or Common Kestrel 4 12 21 19. Merlin Falco columbarius 23 3 27 20. Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 20 2 28 21. Saker Falcon Falco cherrug 5 1 5 22. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 4 4 4 23. Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis (ptilorhynchus) orientalis 6 1 6 24. Black-eared Kite Milvus (migrans) lineatus 67 570 6250 25. White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla 2 1 2 26. Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus 1 1 1 27. Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus 47 52 409 28. Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus 13 2 15 29. Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis 2 1 2 30. Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 30 4 38

unidentified sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis/nisus 19 5 26 31. Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis 12 1 12 32. Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo 28 7 42 33. Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius 9 2 11 34. Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis 2 1 2

unidentified Aquila-eagle 1 1 1 35. Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 1 1 1 36. Booted Eagle Aquila pennata 29 9 55 37. Corncrake Crex crex 1 1 1 38. Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo 19 37 77 39. Common Crane Grus grus 1 1 1 40. Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 15 190 646 41. Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 1 3 3 42. Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 8 8 21 43. Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 1 1 1 44. Swinhoe’s Snipe Gallinago megala 1 2 2 45. Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 5 1 5

unidentified snipe Gallinago sp. 4 2 5 46. Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 1 1 1 47. Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 6 3 11


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48. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 2 2 3 49. Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii 2 3 4 50. Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 1 3 3 51. Mongolian Gull Larus (vegae) mongolicus 53 500 2430 52. unidentified gull Larus sp. (heuglini?) 1 2 2 53. Great Black-headed Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus 5 3 7 54. Common Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus 4 31 49 55. Common Tern Sterna hirundo 2 3 6 56. White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 1 2 2 57. Pallas’s Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus 3 8 19 58. Feral Pigeon Columba livia f. domestica x x x 59. Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris 44 165 1462 60. Stock Pigeon Columba oenas 20 2 27 61. Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus 16 30 118 62. Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis 16 2 19 63. Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 2 1 1 64. Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus 6 2 7 65. Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus 4 4 4

unidentified cuckoo Cuculus canorus/optatus 8 5 16 66. Little Owl Athene noctua 3 1 3 67. Long-eared Owl Asio otus 1 1 1 68. Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 1 1 1 69. European Nightjar 1 1 1 70. Common Swift Apus apus 4 20 28 71. Common Hoopoe Upupa epops 50 29 126 72. Northern Wryneck Jynx torquilla 6 2 7 73. Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major 32 2 44 74. Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus 1 1 1 75. Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus 24 5 43 76. Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor 1 1 1 77. Common Magpie Pica pica 60 11 190 78. Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 7 26 34 79. Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula 4 6 11 80. Daurian Jackdaw Coloeus dauuricus 2 1 2 81. Rook Corvus frugilegus 19 300 699 82. Carrion Crow Corvus corone 72 1600 6691 83. Common Raven Corvus corax 44 15 137 84. Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus 12 6 26 85. Great Tit Parus major 58 44 302 86. Azure Tit Parus cyanus 22 11 53 87. Crowned Penduline Tit Remiz (pendulinus) coronatus 5 5 9 88. Common Sand Martin Riparia riparia 8 30 57 89. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 21 24 115 90. Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 5 6 13 91. Northern House Martin Delichon urbicum 4 60 80 92. Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 1 1 1 93. Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens 2 6 8 94. Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis 14 9 38 95. Mongolian Lark Melanocorypha mongolica 2 35 42 96. Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris 25 800 1471 97. Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata 1 1 1 98. Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus 5 3 8 99. Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola 5 2 7 100. Blyth’s Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum 2 1 2

unidentified reed warbler Acrocephalus sp. 5 10 14 101. Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata 3 3 4 102. Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 3 1 3 103. Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis 50 80 279


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104. Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix 1 1 1 105. Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus 15 11 40 106. Hume’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei 78 500 2092 107. Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis 1 1 1 108. Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides 7 5 22 109. Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria 2 2 3 110. Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca 29 38 135 111. Asian Desert Warbler Sylvia nana 1 1 1 112. Greater Whitethroat Sylvia communis 2 1 2 113. Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus 4 4 10 114. Goldcrest Regulus regulus 1 1 1 115. Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris 1 1 1 116. Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus 17 850 1339 117. European Starling Sturnus vulgaris 43 115 618 118. White’s Thrush Zoothera aurea 6 3 8 119. Black-throated Thrush Turdus (ruficollis) atrogularis 84 102 908 120. Red-throated Thrush Turdus (ruficollis) ruficollis 4 2 6

hybrid Black-throated x Red-throated Thrush 3 1 3 121. Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus 2 1 2 122. Fieldfare Turdus pilaris 16 4 28 123. Redwing Turdus iliacus 1 1 1 124. Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 6 1 6 125. Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 15 4 21 126. Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope 1 1 1 127. Red-flanked Bluetail Luscinia cyanura 2 1 2 128. Evermann's Redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus 67 28 229 129. Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros 23 6 38 130. Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus 26 11 91 131. Güldenstädt’s Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogastrus 15 106 348 132. Eastern Stonechat Saxicola (rubicula) maurus 15 15 49 133. Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina 10 3 11 134. Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 18 13 49 135. Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka 19 11 41 136. Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti 8 3 13 137. Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis 3 3 3 138. Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 39 24 201 139. Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica 1 1 1 140. Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 1 1 1 141. Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla 13 4 17 142. White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus 2 8 14 143. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 4 50 78 144. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 42 550 4785 145. Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia 23 260 1276 146. Père David's Snowsparrow Pyrgylauda davidiana 4 35 45 147. Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella 4 4 9 148. Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens 5 30 98 149. Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis 14 6 35

unidentified accentor Prunella sp. 8 10 30 150. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava 6 7 18 151. Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola 13 1 13 152. Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 8 7 14 153. White Wagtail Motacilla alba 2 1 2 154. Masked Wagtail Motacilla personata 49 312 823 155. Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi 11 9 33 156. Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris 2 5 7 157. Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis 20 16 78 158. Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni 3 7 10

Tree Pipit or Olive-backed Pipit 5 10 24


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159. Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 4 1 4 160. Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta 63 41 399 161. Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 67 67 749 162. Brambling Fringilla montifringilla 48 90 541 163. European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 1 2 2 164. Eurasian Siskin Carduelis spinus 21 6 48 165. European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 1 2 2 166. Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea 14 6 59 167. Hoary Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni 1 2 2

Common or Hoary Redpoll 6 1 6 168. Twite Carduelis flavirostris 14 40 90 169. Common Linnet Carduelis cannabina 7 9 31 170. Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus 5 11 16 171. Long-tailed Rosefinch Uragus sibiricus 41 20 216 172. Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus 12 18 45 173. Pallas’s Rosefinch Carpodacus roseus 1 1 1 174. Red-mantled Rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochlamys 1 1 1 175. Spotted Great Rosefinch C. (rubicilla) severtzovi 28 30 172 176. Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra 2 1 2 177. Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula 7 2 8 178. Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes 10 50 79 179. Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella 5 2 6 180. Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos 14 12 57

Yellowhammer or Pine Bunting 2 25 26 181. Godlewski’s Bunting Emberiza godlewskii 6 35 78 182. Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides 20 95 274 183. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana 17 96 323 184. Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla 8 4 16 185. Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica 5 1 5 186. Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola 1 1 1 187. Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 3 3 3 188. Pallas’s Bunting Emberiza pallasi 7 3 13 189. Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 21 22 106 190. Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus 16 77 174

Difference between ungrazed and heavily grazed desert steppe. Near Otzen Chuluu, January 2006.


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Appendix 2

The 25 commonest species in Khovd in 2006

rank species n ind. 1. Carrion Crow 6691 2. Black-eared Kite 6250 3. Eurasian Tree Sparrow 4785 4. Mongolian Gull 2430 5. Hume’s Leaf Warbler 2092 6. Horned Lark 1471 7. Hill Pigeon 1462 8. Rosy Starling 1339 9. Rock Sparrow 1276 10. Black-throated Thrush 908 11. Masked Wagtail 823 12. Chaffinch 749 13. Rook 699 14. Northern Lapwing 646 15. European Starling 618 16. Brambling 541 17. Cinereous Vulture 409 18. Water Pipit 399 19. Güldenstädt’s Redstart 348 20. Ortolan Bunting 323 21. Great Tit 302 22. Siberian Chiffchaff 279 23. Meadow Bunting 274 24. Evermann's Redstart 229 25. Long-tailed Rosefinch 216

Black-eared Kite - the commonest non-passerine species in Khovd in 2006.

Carrion Crow -the commonest species in Khovd in 2006.

Pallas’s Bunting Lesser Kestrels


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GALLERY

Black-throated Thrush Black-throated Accentor

Red-flanked Bluetail Güldenstädt’s Redstart

Güldenstädt’s Redstart Little Owl

Hume’s Leaf Warbler Pallas’s Bunting


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Eastern Stonechat

Pallas’s Rosefinch

migrant group of Güldenstädt’s Redstarts

Spotted Great Rosefinch Oriental Honey Buzzard Stock Pigeon

Yellowhammer Pere David’s Snowsparrow


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Ortolan Bunting Long-toed Stint

Taiga Flycatcher Meadow Bunting

Siberian Chiffchaff Long-tailed Rosefinch

Richard’s Pipit Greenish Warbler


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Peregrine Falcon Pine Bunting

Masked Wagtail Spotted Great Rosefinch

Red-mantled Rosefinch White-bellied Dipper

Common Magpie Common Raven

Local Spot Khovd 2006x -

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